Descriptive statistic
Overview:
This study examines the study habits and coffee consumption patterns of students at the
American University of Phnom Penh (AUPP). Data was collected through a survey covering
study hours, peak study times, coffee intake, preferred coffee types, and reasons for
consumption. Students also shared insights on whether coffee enhances study efficiency and if
their intake increases during exams.
Measure of central tendency:
Statistic table for central tendency:
Variables: Mean Median Mode
Study Hours/Day 4.89 5.0 3.0
Coffee Cups/Day (Drinkers) 1.74 1.0 1.0
Age 19.2 18.0 18.0
I. Study Hours Per Day Among AUPP Students:
• The mean study hours per day is 4.89 hours, indicating that, on average, AUPP students
dedicate approximately 5 hours to studying.
• The median is 5.0 hours, meaning half of the students study for 5 or fewer hours, while
the other half study for more than 5 hours.
• The mode is 3.0 hours, showing that the most frequently observed study duration among
AUPP students is 3 hours per day.
The distribution suggests a slightly right-skewed pattern, where a majority of students study for a
moderate number of hours, while a smaller group engages in significantly longer study sessions,
pulling up the average.
II. Coffee Consumption Per Day Among AUPP Students (Drinkers Only):
• The mean coffee consumption among AUPP students who drink coffee is 1.74 cups per
day, indicating that, on average, students consume nearly two cups of coffee daily.
• The median is 1.0 cup, suggesting that half of the coffee-drinking students consume only
one cup daily.
• The mode is also 1.0 cup, reinforcing that a single cup per day is the most common
choice among AUPP students.
The relatively low mean and median compared to the range suggest that most students consume
minimal amounts of coffee, but some drink multiple cups daily, slightly increasing the average.
III. Age Distribution Among AUPP Students:
• The mean age of AUPP students is 19.2 years, indicating that the majority fall into the
typical undergraduate age range.
• The median and mode are both 18 years, confirming that 18-year-old students are the
most frequent age group.
• The higher mean compared to the median suggests that some older students (e.g., 20+
years old) slightly raise the overall average age.
Measure of dispersion:
Statistic table for measure of dispersion:
Variables: Range Standard deviation Variance
Study Hours/Day 9 1.34 1.7956
Coffee Cups/Day 4 0.8863 0.7855
((Exclude the outlier)
Age 7 1.0418 1.0853
(Exclude the outlier)
I. Study Hours Per Day:
• Range: The range of 9 hours (difference between the highest and lowest study hours)
suggests that AUPP students have widely varying study habits, with some studying very
little and others dedicating significant time to their studies.
• Standard Deviation (1.34 hours) and Variance (1.7956): indicate a moderate spread in
study hours. While many students cluster around 3–5 hours per day, a few outliers
studying significantly more contribute to this dispersion.
II. Coffee Consumption Per Day (Excluding Outliers):
• Range: The range of 4 cups indicates that while some AUPP students drink little to no
coffee, others consume multiple cups daily.
• Standard Deviation (0.8863) and Variance (0.7855): suggest that coffee consumption is
less variable compared to study hours, meaning that most students tend to have a
consistent coffee-drinking habit.
III. Age (Excluding Outliers):
• Range: The range of 7 years suggests that the AUPP student population includes
individuals across different academic levels, from freshmen to seniors and EPP students.
• Standard Deviation (1.0418) and Variance (1.0853): indicate moderate age variability,
suggesting that while most AUPP students are around 18–19 years old, some older
students contribute to the broader range.
Graph:
Pie charts:
Study efficiency (Cross-reference Pie chart):
Question Yes Maybe No
Does coffee improve study efficiency? 57.1% 28.6% 14.3%
Do you drink more coffee during exams? 41.4% 22.9% 35.7%
Faculty & Year of study (Cross-reference Pie chart):
Majors: Frequency Percentage
School of business 15 14.6%
School of Digital technologies 73 70.9%
School of law 7 6.8%
School of Social Sciences 8 7.8%
Year: Frequency Percentage
Freshman 78 75.7%
Sophomore 18 17.5%
Junior 4 3.9%
Senior 3 2.9%
Category Name Avg. Coffee Top Reasons for Top Coffee Preferences
Cups/Day Drinking Coffee
Faculty School of 1.9 Staying awake Latte (40%),
Digital (45%), Focus Cappuccino (25%),
Technologies (30%), Energy Black Coffee (15%),
(15%) Espresso (12%)
Faculty School of 1.7 Habit (35%), Taste Latte (50%),
Business (25%), Energy Cappuccino (20%),
(20%) Espresso (15%), Mocha
(5%)
Faculty School of Social 1.4 Relaxation (40%), Latte (45%),
Sciences Energy (30%), Cappuccino (20%),
Staying awake Black Coffee (15%),
(15%) Phin Coffee (10%)
Faculty School of Law 1.2 Energy (50%), Black Coffee (40%),
Habit (25%), Latte (30%), Espresso
Staying awake (20%)
(15%)
Year of Freshman 1.5 Staying awake Latte (50%),
Study (40%), Habit Cappuccino (30%),
(25%), Energy Black Coffee (10%)
(20%)
Year of Sophomore 1.8 Focus (35%), Black Coffee (35%),
Study Staying awake Latte (30%), Espresso
(30%), Energy (20%)
(20%)
Year of Junior 2.1 Staying awake Espresso (40%),
Study (50%), Focus Cappuccino (25%),
(25%), Energy Latte (20%)
(15%)
Year of Senior 2.0 Energy (40%), Black Coffee (45%),
Study Focus (30%), Latte (25%), Espresso
Staying awake (20%)
(20%)
Key Observations
Faculty Trends:
• Digital Technologies: Highest coffee intake (1.9 cups/day) for staying awake and focus;
prefers milk-based coffees.
• Law: Lowest consumption (1.2 cups/day) but prioritizes energy; favors strong black
coffee.
Yearly Progression:
• Freshmen: Start with milder habits (1.5 cups/day, lattes).
• Juniors: Peak consumption (2.1 cups/day) with espresso for productivity.
• Seniors: Shift to black coffee (45%) for sustained energy.
Age Frequency Percentage
Bar charts: 15 1 1%
Age: 17 11 10.7%
18 54 52.4%
19 21 20.4%
20 11 10.7%
21 3 2.9%
22 1 1%
Study hours:
Study Hours Frequency Percentage
0 1 1%
1 7 6.8%
2 7 6.8%
3 20 19.4%
4 11 10.7%
5 18 17.5%
6 17 16.5%
7 5 4.9%
8 8 7.8%
9 2 1.9%
10 7 6.8%
Coffee preference (Cross-reference bar chart):
Study Motivation Latte Cappuccino Black Espresso Instant Instant Mocha Coffee
Coffee Coffee Coffee with
Milo
To Stay Awake 32% 28% 15% 12% 0% 13 % 13% 0%
While Studying
To Improve Focus 30% 40% 10% 20% 0% 10% 0% 0%
and Concentration
For Relaxation or 45% 25% 15% 15% 0% 0% 0% 15%
Enjoyment
To Boost Energy 38% 20% 25% 12% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Levels
Out of Habit 50% 25% 10% 10% 15% 0% 0% 0%
For the Taste and 55% 30% 5% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Aroma
As Part of a 50% 10% 25% 15% 0% 10% 0% 0%
Morning Routine
Key Observations:
• Latte dominates across most motivations, especially for relaxation and habit.
• Cappuccino is preferred for focus and staying awake.
• Black Coffee and Espresso are linked to energy-boosting and focus.
• Instant Coffee is common among habitual drinkers.
Scatter plot (Study hour, Daily coffee intake):
The scatter plot provides insights into the relationship between study hours and daily coffee
intake:
• The majority of students consume around 1-2 cups of coffee tend to study the same
amount as those who drink higher cups of coffee.
• The presence of students who study long hours with low coffee intake (0-1 cup) suggests
that not all students rely on coffee for studying.
Box and whisker plot (Study hour, Daily coffee intake):
The boxplot provides a clear comparison between daily coffee intake and study hours among
AUPP students. Key observations include:
• Coffee Intake: The median daily coffee intake is around 1 cup, with most students
consuming between 0 and 2 cups. The upper whisker extends to 5 cups, indicating some
students drink significantly more coffee.
• Study Hours: The median study time is 5 hours per day, with most students studying
between 3 and 6 hours. A small portion of students study for up to 10 hours, as indicated
by the upper whisker and as little as 0 hours as well.
• Variation: Study hours show a wider range and greater variability compared to coffee
intake, suggesting that while coffee consumption is relatively stable, study habits vary
significantly among students.