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Quadratic Equations IB Grade8

A quadratic equation is of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are numbers, and a ≠ 0. It can be solved using methods such as factoring, the quadratic formula, and completing the square, with the discriminant indicating the number of solutions. Quadratic equations are represented graphically as parabolas and have applications in various fields including physics and geometry.

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23 views2 pages

Quadratic Equations IB Grade8

A quadratic equation is of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are numbers, and a ≠ 0. It can be solved using methods such as factoring, the quadratic formula, and completing the square, with the discriminant indicating the number of solutions. Quadratic equations are represented graphically as parabolas and have applications in various fields including physics and geometry.

Uploaded by

Secret world1
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Quadratic Equations – IB Grade 8

1. What is a Quadratic Equation?


A quadratic equation is an equation that includes a squared variable (x²). It has the form
ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are numbers, and a ≠ 0.

2. Meaning of 'Quadratic'
The word comes from Latin 'quadratus', meaning 'square' — because the variable is
squared.

3. Methods of Solving Quadratic Equations


There are three main ways: Factoring, Using the Formula, and Completing the Square.

Method 1: Factoring
Example: x² + 5x + 6 = 0 → (x + 2)(x + 3) = 0 → x = -2 or x = -3.

Method 2: Quadratic Formula


x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a. Example: 2x² + 3x - 2 = 0 → x = 0.5 or -2.

Method 3: Completing the Square


x² + 6x + 5 = 0 → (x + 3)² = 4 → x = -3 ± 2 → x = -1 or -5.

4. Discriminant (∆)
∆ = b² - 4ac helps to know how many solutions the equation has: ∆ > 0 → Two real roots ∆
= 0 → One real root ∆ < 0 → No real roots

5. Graph of a Quadratic Equation


The graph of y = ax² + bx + c is a parabola. If a > 0, it opens upward; if a < 0, downward.

6. Real-Life Applications
Quadratic equations appear in projectile motion, geometry, physics, and design.

7. Summary Table

Concept Example Key Point


General form ax² + bx + c = 0 a, b, c are numbers
Factoring (x + 2)(x + 3) = 0 Set each bracket = 0
Formula x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a Works for all equations
Completing the square (x + 3)² = 4 Gives both roots
Discriminant b² - 4ac Shows number of solutions

8. Practice Questions
1. Solve x² + 7x + 10 = 0 by factoring.
2. Find the roots of 2x² + 3x - 2 = 0 using the formula.
3. Solve x² + 4x + 1 = 0 by completing the square.
4. For x² + 2x + 1 = 0, find ∆ and explain the result.
5. Sketch the graph of y = x² - 4.

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