UI2- METHODS OF INQUIRY IN PSYCHOLOGY

WORKSHEET 2.1

Q.1Matters where one interviewer interviews another person is named as

[A]. Individual to group
[B]. Group to individual
[C]. Individual to other
[D]. Individual to individual
Ans. [D] Individual to individual
Justification: In individual to individual interview an interviewer interviews another person
Q.2 Once the matter is identified the researcher proceeds by developing a tentative answer of
the matter and it’s called as.
[A] observation
[B] prediction
[C] hypothesis
[D] Selection
Ans. [C] hypothesis
Justification: Hypotheses is a tentative answer to a research question
Q.3 Which of the subsequent may not be a goal of psychological enquiry?
[A]. Description
[B]. Prediction
[C]. Explanation
[D]. Selection
Ans: [D]. Selection
Justification: Selection is a method of data collection
Q.4 The variables on which the effect of Independent Variable (IV) is observed is
called___________.
Ans: Dependent Variable (DV)
Q.5 A scientist observes a worth of a statement on the basis of __________.
[A]Data collection
[B]Evidence
[C]Hypothesis
[D]Both a and b
Ans: [D] Both a and b
Justification: A scientist makes uses Data collection and evidence
Q.6 _______________ means consistency of tests results.
[A]Reliability
[B]Validity
[C]Objectivity
[D]Subjectivity
Ans: [A] Reliability
Justification: Consistency of the result even after several trials on same sample is called
reliability
Q.7The questions in the schedule are written clearly in a particular sequence is a __________
type of interview.
[A]standardized
[B]structured
[C]unstructured non reliable
[D]non-standardized Reliable
Ans: [B] structured
Justification: In a structured interview questions are written in particular sequence
VSAQ Exemplars:
Q.8 (2) role of sequential variable Why are sequential variables important in a research study?
Q.9 (2) Define the term ‘description’ within the context of the goals of psychological enquiry?
Q.10 (2) Give any two techniques to control extraneous variables.
Q.11 (2) One of an important way of assessment is questionnaire. Describe a questionnaire.
Q.12 (2) Data is the main source of information in a research. Define the collection of data in
scientific research.
Q.13 (2) How does psychological test help us in our real life situation? Why do we need to
construct a psychological test?
Q.14 (2) Sakshi is assigned a task of collecting demographic information. What are various
dimensions of information she needs to [Link] she need to collect
VLAQ Exemplars:
Q.15 (6=3+3) Interview is one of the strongest source of method of enquiry. List the difference
between Structured and Unstructured interview with examples.
Q.16 (6=2+2+2) How would you evaluate the advantages and limitations of survey research in
psychological studies, and in what situations would you consider it the most appropriate
method?
Q.17 (6=2+2+2) A Correlational Research determines to find out relationship between two
variables. Justify the statement by explaining the three types of correlation using research
examples.
Q18. (6=2+2+2) Define experiment method and explain different type of variable using
example.

WORKSHEET 2.2
MCQ Exemplar:
Q.1 In a psychological experiment, which of the following best ensures that the
results are both reliable and objective?
[A]. Using the same group of participants in different conditions to reduce variability.
[B]. Designing a test with clear, unbiased instructions and standardized procedures
[C]. Allowing participants to interpret questions in their own way to increase variability.
[D]. Focusing on the participants' personal opinions to increase the relevance of the results.
Ans. [B].
Justification: A standardized test is reliable and objective
Q.2 Choose the disadvantage of naturalistic observation?
[A] It provides an overburden of information.
[B] It deals with behavior on tampered with by outside influences.
[C] It limits biased observation through careful record keeping.
[D] It does not identify the cause of observed behavior.
Ans. [D]
Justification: Naturalistic observation is done in natural settings without any control
Q.3 Identify the correct statement regarding quasi experiments
1)There is no random assignment of subject in quasi experiments.
2)There are no independent and dependent variables in quasi experiments.
3)Variables cannot be manipulated in the laboratory.
4)Causal inferences from quasi-experiments are less definitive compared to true
experiments.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] 1and 3
[B] 2 and 4
[C] 1, 3 and 4
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Ans. [C]
Justification: A quasi-experiment attempts to manipulate an independent variable in a natural
setting using naturally occurring groups to form experimental and control groups.
Q.5 An experiment is performed to see if background music improves the learning. The
independent variable is____________.
[A] Learning
[B] the size of the group
[C] the materials studied
[D] music
Ans. [D] Music
Justification: In an experimental research the effect of IV is seen on DV
Q.6 A researcher conducts an experiment that tests the hypothesis that anxiety had in his
first effect on student’s exam performance. Which of the following statement is true?
[A] Anxiety is the dependent variable; exam performance is the independent variable.
[B] Anxiety is the dependent variable; students are the independent variable.
[C] Anxiety is the independent variable; students are the dependent variable.
[D] Anxiety is the independent variable; exam performance is the dependent variable.
Ans. [D]
Justification: hypothesis is the tentative answer to the research question
Q7. Choose the correct match:
List 1 List 2
a. Observational method 1. Identifies the relationship between two
sets of events or variables and control
settings
b. Experimental method 2. Determines the behaviour by observing
it
c. Correlational method 3. Predicts the relationship between two
variables
Codes:
A B C
[A] 2 1 3
[B] 3 2 1
[C] 1 2 3
[D] 3 1 2
Ans. [A] A-2, B-1, C-3
Q8. When a control group is used, the groups should be equivalent in every way except for
the independent variable (T/F)
Ans. True
LAQ Exemplar:
Q.9 (4=1+1+1+1) Kirti is in her masters and is preparing a research synopsis. What steps of
investigation she should mention in her synopsis report.

Q.10 (4=1+1+1+1) A researcher is studying the relationship between the speed of cycling and the
presence of people. Identify the hypothesis, the independent variable, and the dependent variable in this
study. Explain each of these elements.
Q. 11 (4=1+1+1+1) Dr Hema is going to observe and record children’s play behavior at a
nursery school without attempting to influence or control the behavior which method of
research is involved here. Explain the process and discuss the merit and demerit of observation
method
Q. 12 (4=1+1+1+1) The researcher wants to know about the happiness level among students
of class 11th. Describe in brief which combination of participants can be used by the researcher
for knowing happiness in terms of interview.
Q.13 (4=1+1+1+1) Rajan is a research scholar of the plan of psychology. In his research work
he has to prepare a paper to understand the feelings, fantasies, hopes, fears, traumatic
experiences of individuals living in refugee camps. Identify, explain and evaluate the research
method that Rajan has chosen.

WORKSHEET 2.3

MCQ Exemplar:
Q.1 Assertion (A): Correlation research can determine the cause-and-effect relationship
between two variables.
Reason (R): The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables is
represented by a number known as correlation coefficient.
[A] Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
[B] Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
[C] Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
[D] Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Ans. [D] (A)is false but (R) is true
Justification: In a correlation the direction of the relationship between two variables is same
Q.2 Assertion (A): a case study is a valuable technique in the clinical setting
Reasons (R): It provides a complete picture of the subject for diagnosis and prognosis
[A]. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
[B]. Both A and B are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
[C]. A is true, R is false
[D]. A is false, R is true
Ans. [A] Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Justification: Case study is the detailed study
Q.3 Assertion (A): cultural differences among society affects reliability
Reasons (R): inappropriate items lower both reliability and validity
[A]. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
[B]. Both A and B are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
[C]. A is true, R is false
[D]. A is false, R is true
Ans. [B] Both A and B are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Q.4 If you and your friend measure the length of a table using the identical instrument, it’s
likely that both of you’d attain the identical conclusion about its length. this is often an
example of
[A]. Objectivity
[B]. Variability
[C]. Acceptability
[D]. Longitivity
Ans. [A]. Objectivity
Justification: objectivity refers to the practice of eliminating personal biases to ensure that
observations
Q.5 Assertion (A): Quasi-experiments provide the same level of control over variables as true
experiments.
Reason (R): Quasi-experiments lack random assignment of participants to different
conditions.
[A]. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
[B]. Both A and B are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
[C]. A is true, R is false
[D]. A is false, R is true
Ans. [D]. A is false, R is true
Justification: A quasi-experiment attempts to manipulate an independent variable in a natural
setting using naturally occurring groups to form experimental and control groups.
Q6. Assertion (A): Structured interviews yield more reliable data compared to unstructured
interviews.
Reason (R): Structured interviews follow a predetermined set of questions, reducing
interviewer bias.
[A]. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
[B]. Both A and B are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
[C]. A is true, R is false
[D]. A is false, R is true
Ans. [A] Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Justification: In a structured interview questions are written in particular sequence
Q7. Assertion (A): A test with high validity accurately measures what it is intended to
measure.
Reason (R): Validity refers to the consistency of test results over time.
[A]. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
[B]. Both A and B are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
[C]. A is true, R is false
[D]. A is false, R is true
Ans. [C]. A is true, R is false
Justification : Reliability refers to the consistency of test results over time.
A test with high validity accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
SAQ
Q.8 (3=1.5+1.5) Describe telephone survey? Explain using an example
Q.9(3) Savita is assigned to conduct research where she has to measure the performance of
children on a given treatment. Explain the different ethical issues she should keep in mind at
the time of conducting the research.

Q.10 (3=1+1+1) Differentiate between interview and questionnaire.

Q.11 (3=1+1+1) Radhika is researching the dimensions of personality in working
professionals. What essential characteristics should she consider when selecting a standardized
test for her study?
Q.12 (3=1+1+1)Anand is a psychologist he is primarily interested in knowing the factors that
are responsible for a particular behavior. So that cause-and-effect relationship between the two
variables objects or events could be established. Help Anand with any 3 techniques to control
variables also give suitable examples.