1. Which state has the longest coastline in India?
Gujarat
2. What is the northern part of the Western Coastal Strip
called?
Konkan Coast (Mumbai–Goa coast)
3. How many island groups does India have?
Two — Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
4. Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
Himadri, Himachal, and Shiwalik
[Link] highest peak in india is?
Kanchanjanga
6. What are duns?
Flat-bottomed valleys between the Shiwalik and Himachal
ranges
e.g., Dehra Dun
7. Between which rivers do the Kumaon Himalayas lie?
Between the Kali and Tista rivers
8. Between which rivers do the Assam Himalayas lie?
Between the Tista and Dihang rivers
9. What are coral polyps?
Tiny marine animals that secrete calcium carbonate and
form coral reefs
10. What are barchans?
Crescent-shaped sand dunes found in desert regions like
the Thar Desert
1. Why are the Northern Plains called an agriculturally
productive belt?
The Northern Plains have fertile alluvial soil, flat land, good
irrigation from rivers, and a suitable climate. These factors support
the growth of multiple crops, making this region ideal for intensive
agriculture and high food production.
3. Which is the oldest landmass of India? Describe its features.
The Peninsular Plateau is India’s oldest landmass. It is made of
hard, ancient rocks and formed from Gondwana land. It has broad
valleys, rounded hills, and is rich in minerals, supporting industrial
growth in India
4. What is the Deccan Trap?
The Deccan Trap is a volcanic region in the Deccan Plateau. It has
igneous rocks formed by lava flows. These rocks weathered into
black soil, which is very fertile and ideal for growing cotton and
other crops.
1. How does each physical division of India contribute to the
country's development?
India’s physical features complement each other. The mountains are
sources of rivers and forests. The northern plains provide fertile soil for
agriculture and supported ancient civilizations. The plateau is rich in
minerals, helping in industrial growth. The coasts and islands support
fishing, trade, and tourism. Together, these landforms provide natural
resources, food, industry, transport, and biodiversity — making India
rich in development potential.
2. Describe the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
The Himalayas have three parallel ranges:
Himadri (Greater Himalayas): Northernmost, highest peaks like Mt.
Everest, snow-covered and home to glaciers.
Himachal (Lesser Himalayas): Middle range with forested slopes and
valleys.
Shiwalik: Southernmost, youngest and lowest, formed by river deposits,
contains valleys called Duns (e.g., Dehra Dun).
These ranges protect India and influence its climate and rivers.
3. Why are the Northern Plains important to India?
The Northern Plains are important due to their fertile alluvial soil, flat
surface, and dense river network. These factors make them highly
suitable for farming. They support a large population and are called the
“granaries of India”. Historically, many early civilizations developed
here. Their fertile land, good transport network, and irrigation facilities
make them vital for India’s economy and food security.
4. Describe the features of the Peninsular Plateau.
The Peninsular Plateau is India’s oldest landmass, made of igneous and
metamorphic rocks. It has broad valleys, rounded hills, and is rich in
minerals. It is divided into:
Central Highlands (north of Narmada)
Deccan Plateau (south of Narmada)
Rivers like the Chambal and Damodar drain it. The plateau is important
for mining, power, and agriculture in black soil regions like the Deccan
Trap.