2025-2026_T2_F4S_Trigonometry 8th March, 2026

Extra questions: Trigonometry identities and equations

1. Without using calculators, determine the signs of the following expressions:
(a) sin 121° - sin 250° (b) tan 225° + cos 300°
(c) sec 120° + cot 315° (d) csc 157.5° - sec 240°

2. Determine the quadrant in which the angle θ lies in each of the following cases:
csc q
(a) <0 (b) tan q sin q < 0
cos q
(c) tan θ and sec θ are of opposite signs. (d) cot θ and csc θ are of the same sign.

æ 1 ö
3. If Pçç - ,- 2 ÷÷ is a point on the terminal side of an angle a, find the values of the six trigonometric
è 3 ø
functions for angle a.

1
4. If sin q = - and 270° < q < 360° , find the values of sec θ and cot θ.
2

5. If cot θ = –1 and 90° < q < 180° , find the values of sin θ and cos θ.

24
6. If cos q = - and sin θ < 0, find the values of sec θ and cot θ.
25

4
7. If sin a = and cos a < 0, find the value of tan a – cos a.
5

12
8. If A is in Quadrant II and sin A = , find the value of 2 cot A – 5 csc A.
13

9. If 2 tan 2 q + 3 sec 2 q = 18 and 90° < q < 180° , find the value of cos θ.

t -1
10. If sin a = and 90° < a < 180° , express cos a and cot a in terms of t.
t +1

1
11. Given that cos a = - , cot b = 1 where 90° < a < 180° and 180° < b < 270° ,
2
2 sin b - sec a
find the value of .
2 cos a - csc b

12. Express each of the following trigonometric ratios in terms of the same trigonometric ratio of an acute
angle.
(a) sin 490° (b) csc 580° (c) tan 866°
(d) cos (–290°) (e) sec 500° (f) cot (–800°)

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13. Simplify the following:

(a) sin(q - 270°) (b) cos(-180° - q )
(c) sec(q - 180°) (d) tan(q - 90°)
(e) cot(-360° + q ) (f) csc(q + 270°)
(g) cos(450° + a ) (h) cot(900° - a )
(i) cos(a - 540°) (j) csc(a - 1080°)

13. Simplify the following:

(a) sec(270° - q ) tan(180° - q ) cos(-q ) (b) sin(180° + A) cos( A - 90°)

(c) tan( A - 270°) csc(90° + A) (d) tan(90° + a ) tan a (e) cos 2 (90° + a ) + cos 2 a

14. Simplify the following:

sin(180° - A) csc( 270° + A) cot( 270° - A) sin(270° + B ) sin(90° - B ) cot( B - 270°)
(a) (b)
sec(360° - A) cos( 270° - A) cot( 90° - A) sin(- B ) cos( 270° - B ) cot(180° - B )
sec( -q ) + cos( -q + 180°) sin(90° + a ) cos(90° - a ) sin(180° - a ) cos(90° + a )
(c) (d) +
csc(180° - q ) + sin(360° - q ) cos(180° - a ) sin(180° + a )

15. Prove the following:

(a) sin 2 (180° + q ) sec(q - 90°) - cot( 270° - q ) cos(180° + q ) = -2 cos(90° + q )

(b) sin(180° + A) cos(90° + A) + tan(270° + A) sin(- A) cos(360° - A) = 1

cos(180° - q ) sec(90° - q ) sec(90° - q ) sin(270° + q )
(c) + = - sin q
cot(q - 270°) csc(180° - q ) tan(q + 90°) cos(q - 270°)

16. Prove the following identities:

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2025-2026_T2_F4S_Trigonometry 8th March, 2026

Extra questions: Trigonometry 2D and 3D Problems

1. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH, where ABCD is a square of side 8 cm and E F
11 cm
AF = 11 cm. M and N are the mid-points of BC and CH respectively. D A
H G
(a) Find the angle between the lines AM and AN. 8 cm
N
(b) Find the angle between the line AN and the plane BCHG. B
C M

2. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. M and N are the mid-points of AB and
18 B5 cm
EH respectively. BE and MN intersect at I. AB = 18 cm, AF = 10 cm and BC = 5 M C
A
cm.
D
10 cm I
(a) Find the length of BE. G
H
(b) Find ÐBIM. F N
E

3. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AD is perpendicular to the plane A

BCD. AB = 16 cm, ÐBAD = 42°, ÐBCD = 40° and
42
16 cm
ÐCBD = 45°.
(a) Find the angle between the line AC and the plane BCD. D
45 B
40
(b) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD.
C

4. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF. M is the projection of B on F

8 cm
the plane ACDE. AB = AC = 5 cm, BF = 8 cm and ÐBAC = 70°.
B
(a) Find the angle between the lines CF and FM. E D
5 cm
70
(b) Find the angle between the planes CFM and BCDF.
A M C
5 cm

5. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 8 cm. M is the mid-point of EH. E M H

(a) Find the angle between the planes ACM and ABCD.
F G
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACM and CDEH. C
D

A 8 cm B

6. The figure shows a regular tetrahedron ABCD of side 5 cm. A

(a) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 5 cm
D
6b) Find the shortest distance between A and the plane BCD. B

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7. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a rectangle. VO is V
perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and ÐABV = 75°.
(a) Find the length of VO. D C

(b) Find the angle between the lines VB and BC. O

9 cm
75
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and ABCD. A 7 cm B

8. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a square of side 9
V 60
cm. ÐBVC = 60° and VN is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. X and Y are the mid-
D C
points of AB and AD respectively.
9 cm
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. Y N
(b) Find the angle between the lines VX and VY. A X B

(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and VAD.

9. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is a triangle. G is the D
9 cm
mid-point of EF. AB = 6 cm, CD = 15 cm, BC = 8 cm and DE = 9 cm. E
F 15
G
(a) Find the length of CG.
(b) Find the angle between the line CG and the plane ABC. C

(c) Find the angle between the planes BCG and ABC. A 8 cm
6 cm
B

10. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF, where the base ABC is an E
9 cm
acute-angled triangle. AE = 9 cm, BC = 7 cm, ÐBAC = 35° and ÐDAE = 50°. A 50
(a) Find the length of AF.
35
F D
(b) Find the angle between the lines AF and AD.
(c) Find the angle between the planes ADF and BCDF. B 7 C

11. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AD = 10 cm, BC = 6 cm, ÐACD = 2x,
ÐBAC = x, ÐABD = 68° and ÐABC = ÐADC = 90°. A

(a) Find x. 10 cm x

[Hint: You may use the formula sin 2q = 2 sin q cos q without proof.] D
2x 68
(b) Find the length of BD.
C 6 cm B
(c) Let E be a point on AC such that DE ^ AC. Is ÐBED the angle between the
planes ABC and ACD? Explain your answer.

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12. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ADE is a right-angled triangle.
ÐADE = 90°, AD = 12 cm, DE = 9 cm and ÐAFE = 25°. G is a point on AB such E F
25
that AG : BG = 6 : 5. 9 cm
(a) Find the angle between the line AF and the plane ABCD. D C
12 cm B
(b) Find the angle between the lines EG and FG. A G

(c) Let H be a movable point on AG and a be the angle between the line FH and
the plane ABCD. John claims that when H moves from G to A, a increases.
Do you agree? Explain your answer.

13. In the figure, AB and CD are two buildings. They stand vertically on the same C

horizontal ground. The height of AB is 27 m. The angles of elevation of C from A

A 32
and B are 32° and 48° respectively. Find the horizontal distance between the two
27 m
48
buildings.
B D

14. In the figure, AB is a flagpole standing vertically on the horizontal ground. CD is

15
a ladder leaning against a vertical wall. B and D lie on the same horizontal ground. C
A 4.5 m
The angle of elevation of A from D is 41°. The angle of depression of A from C is
15°. The distances of C and D from A are 4.5 m and 5 m respectively. 5m
41
(a) Find the length of the ladder. B D
(b) Find the distance between the flagpole and the vertical wall.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of C from B.

15. In the figure, the height of a vertical tree is 21 m. Bird A is at the top of the tree.
Bird B is flying in the sky. Prey P is on the horizontal ground. A, B, C and P lie on B
66
the same vertical plane. The angles of depression of P from A and B are 31° and
43
66° respectively. The angle of elevation of B from A is 43°. A
31
(a) Find the horizontal distance between the prey and the tree. 21 m
(b) Find the distance between the two birds.
C P
(c) Bird A flies straight to P at an average speed of 11 m/s. Bird B flies straight to
P at an average speed of 12 m/s. Both birds start to fly to P at the same time.
Which bird will arrive at the location of P first? Explain your answer.

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16. In the figure, EF is a river. AB and CD are two vertical buildings. BEFD is a straight C
line on the horizontal ground. The angles of depression of E and F from A are 57° 57

and 38° respectively. The angles of elevation of C from E and F are 55° and 70° A
38
respectively. It is given that CE = 115 m.
(a) Find the width of the river EF. 70
B E 55 F D
(b) Find the heights of the two buildings AB and CD.
(c) Find the horizontal distance between the two buildings.
(d) Find the angle of depression of A from C.

N
17. In the figure, a car travels straight from town A to town C in 6 hours. The bearing
A N
of C from A is S49°E. The bearings of A and C from town B are N75°W and S27°W
75
respectively. The distance between B and C is 165 km. 49 B
165 km
(a) Find ÐBAC. (b) Find the average speed of the car.

C 27

18. In the figure, P, Q and R are three ports. The bearing of Q from P is 055°. The
N
bearing of R from Q is 143°. P and R are 179 km apart. Q and R are 126 km apart. 143°
Q
(a) Find the distance between P and Q. N
55 126 km
(b) Find the bearing of P from R.
P
(c) A radar located at Q can detect any ship within 80 km. If a ship sails from P 179 km R
to R in a straight line, can the ship be detected by the radar? Explain your
answer.

19. In the figure, ABC is a triangular garden. B is 18 m from A. The bearings of B and C
N
C from A are S67°E and N63°E respectively. The bearing of C from B is N14°W. 63 14
(a) Find the distance between A and C. A N

(b) Find the area of the garden ABC. 67

18 m
(c) A straight path from B to AC is built. Can the length of the path be shorter B
than 13.5 m? Explain your answer.

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20. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 338°. The bearing of town C
from B is 228°. The bearing of A from C is 086°. The distance between A and B is N

44 km. B 228°
44 km
(a) Find ÐABC. N N
86°
(b) Find the distance between A and C.
A
(c) Town D is 22 km due south of C. C
338°
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
(ii) Find the bearing of D from B.

21. A logistics group owns three warehouses (A, B, C) and a triangular land ABC, as
B
shown in the figure. A and B are 30 m apart. The bearings of B and C from A are C
N
30 m
N21°W and N59°E respectively. The area of the triangular land ABC is 650 m2. 59
21
(a) Find the distance between A and C. A
(b) Find the bearing of B from C.
(c) A new warehouse D is built to replace warehouse C. D is 16 m apart from C.
The bearing of C from D is S33°E. Is the area of the new triangular land ABD
smaller than that of the triangular land ABC? Explain your answer.

22. Two piers A and B are 125 km apart. The bearing of B from A is 160°. Ship P leaves
A at a constant speed of 30 km/h in the direction of 223° and arrives at island C
after 3.5 hours.
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
(b) Find the shortest distance between B and P when P travels from A to C.
(c) Find the bearing of C from B.

23. The figure shows four towns A, B, C and D. B and C are 84 km apart. The bearings C

of B, C and D from A are S30°E, N50°E and S77°E respectively. The bearings of
C and D from B are N17°E and N48°E respectively. N
50
(a) Find the distance between A and B. N
A
(b) Find the distance between A and D. 77
17 D
(c) Find the bearing of C from D. 30
N
48
(d) Now, car P travels from A to C in a straight line at a constant speed of 65 km/h.
Ten minutes later, car Q travels from D to C in a straight line at a constant B

speed of 65 km/h. Which car will arrive at C first? Explain your answer.

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24. In the figure, ship A leaves port P at 9:30 a.m. and ship B leaves port Q at 10:00
N
a.m. on the same day. A sails at a constant speed of 24 km/h in the direction of 052° 76 S
and expects to arrive at island R at 2:00 p.m. on the same day. B sails at a constant R

speed in the direction of 035° and expects to arrive at island S at 4:00 p.m. on the A
N 52
same day. The bearing of Q from P is 138°. The bearing of S from R is 076°. The
P 138°
distance between P and Q is 71 km. 35
N B
(a) (i) Find the distance between P and R. 71 km

(ii) Find the distance between Q and S. Q

(b) Find the constant speed of ship B.

(c) Ship B strikes a reef and stops moving at 1:00 p.m. The captain of ship B
immediately sends out an SOS. At 1:30 p.m., ship A starts to sail at a constant
speed of 40 km/h to ship B in a straight line.
(i) Find the reduced bearing of ship B from ship A at 1:30 p.m.
(ii) Can ship A arrive at the location of ship B before 3:00 p.m.? Explain your
answer.

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