0% found this document useful (0 votes)

6 views79 pages

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0

The document is a comprehensive guide for IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, aimed at helping students achieve a band score of 7.0. It includes essential information on grading, time management, and effective writing strategies, along with specific units focusing on different types of diagrams such as maps, charts, and processes. The book also provides model answers, vocabulary, and grammar tips to enhance writing skills for the IELTS exam.

Uploaded by

suyunovshohjahon64

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

6 views79 pages

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0

Uploaded by

suyunovshohjahon64

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Academic Writing Task 1

Target 7.0

Total Guide to IELTS Academic Writing

Key Vocabulary, Grammar & Tips
Test Practice & Model Answers

Achieve your goal

Peter Wright
Joyce Salas
[Link]

Contents
Page

About the Book 3

Introduction Essential information on how Academic Writing Task 1 is graded. How to 4

manage your time, write in the correct style and recognize the function of the
diagram.

How to organize your answer into a simple structure and write an effective
introduction, overview, cover the main features and make comparisons.
Unit 1 Maps & Plans 9
Maps and plans showing changes to locations over different time periods.
From past to present, changes in the past, proposed future developments and
single maps.
Unit 2 Dynamic Charts 22

How to write a report on line graphs, bar charts, pie charts and tables
showing trends over different periods of time. Trends from past to present, in
the past and future predictions.

Unit 3 Static Charts 35

Bar charts, pie charts and tables showing information from a fixed point in
time in the past or in the present. Essential differences from dynamic charts.

Unit 4 Processes & Procedures 43

Diagrams showing manufacturing processes, flow charts showing

procedures, cycle diagrams and diagrams showing how machines and
devices work.
Unit 5 Multiple Charts 56

Two (or more) diagrams - Line graphs, bar charts, pie charts and tables
giving information about a topic. How to select main features, make
comparisons and manage your time.
Answer Key 61

List of Cohesive Devices 65

Model Answers 66

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0 Copyright © 2024 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or
any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.

2
[Link]

About the Book

IELTS Academic Writing 7.0 Task 1 is a step-by-step guide to writing a band 7.0 report. It takes you
through the task requirements for each type of diagram, gives practice of the essential vocabulary and
grammar and provides band 8.0 model answers.
Who is the book for?
This book is suitable for IELTS students and candidates who have just started on their IELTS study
program along with more experienced students who need to achieve a band 7.0 .
How to use the book
The book can be used as a self-study guide and is also suitable for IELTS teachers to use in their lessons,
either as a complete course book or supplementary material. You can work through each unit or focus on
units on diagram types that you might be having difficulty with.
Unit contents
• Test Tips: Explanation of the requirements for each task type.
• Essential vocabulary and grammar for all types of diagrams.
• Language practice exercises to reinforce grammar and vocabulary.
• Task Focus: How to write an effective introduction, overview and describe the main
features.
• Test practice questions from IELTS past papers.
• Band 8.0 model answers for each type of diagram.

About the Authors

Peter Wright, the founder of [Link], is a former IELTS

Speaking and Writing examiner with the British Council and IDP and has
worked as the IDP Resident IELTS Expert in the Philippines.

He is a DELTA qualified English teacher and has been involved in TEFL for over 30 years with
organizations such as International House, IDP Education and British Council.

He specializes in IELTS teacher and student training and is currently working in Vietnam as an
Educational Consultant.

Joyce Salas, Senior Editor of Total-IELTS, has been an IELTS, Cambridge and EFL teacher for over
10 years. She has worked in several countries in south-east Asia and is currently working as an IELTS
teacher and student trainer. She currently holds an 8.5 overall IELTS band score.

Introduction
Time Management & Word Count

The instructions always say, “Write at least 150 words”. Even though there is no IELTS restriction on
the number of words you can write, writing 200 + words on Task 1 is really not necessary and is not
effective time management. Nevertheless, there is no penalty for writing more than 150 words.

Answers under the word count are penalized in the Task Achievement criterion. When the examiner
sees that your answer is short, they will count the number of words and impose a penalty for short
answers.
Number of words Task Achievement
140 + No penalty
110 - 139 Minus 1 band
Under 110 Minus 2 bands

The examiner will give you a band score in Task Achievement and then minus that score according to
the number of words.
How words are counted

Numbers, dates and time are counted as words in the writing test.
• 30,000 = one word
• 55 = one word
• 9.30 am = one word
• 12.06.2022 = one word

Dates written as both words and numbers are counted separately.

• 12th July = one number and a word

Symbols with numbers are not counted.

• 55% = one word (the symbol “%” is not counted as a word).
• “55 percent” is counted as one word and one number.

Hyphenated words like “up-to-date” are counted as one word.

Compound nouns, written as one word, are counted as one word.

• blackboard = one word

If you copy sentences or parts of sentences from the task description, the words will be deducted
from the word count.

Words and numbers in brackets are counted. This sentence has 9 words. The number in brackets is
counted as a word.
• “The majority of energy was generated by electricity (55%).”

4
[Link]

Test Tips – Time Management

• Don’t spend longer than 20 minutes on Task 1.
• Time yourself when doing test practice tasks.
• Aim for 150-170 words.
• Do not over-analyze the diagram. You only need to describe the main features.
• Do not describe every piece of information in the diagram. Doing so will result in a
lower Task Achievement band score.
• Counting words can be time consuming. After each paragraph, quickly count the words
and write the number on your answer sheet so you don’t need to recount.
• The Computer Delivered IELTS test has an automatic word count onscreen.

Formal Vs Informal Language

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 is a formal report and needs to be written in a formal style or
tone. Some differences between formal and informal style.

Formal Informal

Write words in full Use contractions

I will, I am I’ll, I’m
Don’t use idioms Use idioms
All things considered… At the end of the day…
No abbreviations, write words in full Use abbreviations
The maximum amount… The max amount…
Don’t use imperative voice Use imperative voice
Water is added to the sand. Add water to the sand.
Don’t use colloquial expressions Use colloquial expressions
He was dismissed. He got the sack.

Grading
Task 1 is worth 33% of your overall writing band score and answers are graded according to the IELTS
Writing Public band descriptors.
[Link]
You are graded in 4 criteria – Task Achievement, Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource and
Grammatical Range & Accuracy.

The criteria are equally weighted with 25% awarded for each category and the writing band score is the
average of the four.
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0 Copyright © 2024 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or
any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.

5
[Link]

Task Achievement

This measures how well you address the requirements of the task; in other words, answer the question.
The main requirements to achieve a band 7 are…
• The content is relevant and accurate: You should accurately report the information in the chart and
not include any explanations or opinions.
• Appropriate format: Your report is organized into clear and separate paragraphs with no paragraph
headings, numbered lists or bullet points.

• Reporting the key features: These should be selected and highlighted. You should not try to report
every feature.

• Clear overview: Your report should always include an overview which is a short summary of the
information in the chart.

• Description with data: When describing key features, always include the data (figures).

Coherence and Cohesion

Coherence refers to the flow of your writing. Examiners are looking for how you have organized you
answer into distinct paragraphs.

Cohesion refers the use of cohesive devices or linking phrases and words that connect and show the
relationship between parts of sentences and paragraphs.

The main requirements to achieve a band 7 are…

• Organization: This is similar to format in the Task Achievement criterion.

• Progression: You should develop the key features in your report.

• Cohesive Devices: You should accurately use a range of cohesive devices (linking
words).
A list of cohesive devices page can be found on page 65.

• Referencing and Substitution: This refers to the use of pronouns, synonyms and paraphrase to avoid
repetition.
Lexical Resource
This criterion grades your vocabulary resource (range) and how accurately you use it. The main
requirements to achieve a band 7 are…

• Sufficient resource: Vocabulary use flexibility and accuracy.

• Idiomatic items: The use of some less common idioms.
• Style: Task 1 is a formal report and you should not use informal language.
• Collocation: This is accurately using collocation.
• Word choice, spelling and word formation: You can still achieve a band 7 in spite of errors.
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0 Copyright © 2024 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or
any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.
6
[Link]

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

The Grammatical Range and Accuracy criterion measures your range of grammar (from simple
to complex sentences) and accurate use. The main requirements to achieve a band 7 are…

• Complex structures: You should try to use more complex grammatical structures.
• Errors in grammar and punctuation: You can still achieve a Band 7 even though you make a few
errors as long as these do not impede communication and the majority of your sentences are error free.

Planning
Before you start writing always analyze the diagram for a few minutes and…
• Decide the function.
Does the diagram show trends (dynamic chart) or static information? Remember that charts such as bar
charts, pie charts and tables can show trends and static information. The function of the chart is always
stated in the task description.
• Note the timeframe
Pay attention to the dates on the diagram. Does it show information in the past, past to present, past
to present to future, etc.
• Language needed.
Decide on the main tenses according to the dates in the diagram and what vocabulary is necessary.

Structure
For all Academic Writing Task 1 reports, organize your answer into clear and separate paragraphs.

Paragraph 1: Introduction
The introduction is a paraphrase of the description and title of the diagram. This is followed by a clear
overview which is a summary of the information included in the diagram.

Paragraph 2: Main Features & Comparisons

The main features depend on the type of diagram. You should describe main features and compare them
to others.

Paragraph 3: Main Features & Comparisons

After describing the main features in the previous paragraph, describe the other features but do not try to
describe every feature in the diagram.

7
[Link]

Introduction
Always begin your introduction with a paraphrase of the diagram description and title of the
diagram. Paraphrasing is rewriting the description and diagram title using synonyms, changing the form
of the word (verb to noun etc.), changing the word order and using different structures but keeping the
same meaning. You should do this in one sentence.

Do not copy the information and/or diagram title word for word as this will be deducted from your word
count. You are allowed to copy proper nouns such as “London”.

Overview
A clear overview is essential in your introduction and failure to include it will result in a band score of 5
for Task Achievement. An overview is a short, one sentence, summary of the information in the diagram
and each diagram type requires a different overview.

An overview should not be confused with describing main features and should not include data from the
diagram. Begin your overview with a word or phrase such as “Overall,” “In general”. This shows the
examiner you have included the overview.

Overview Vs Conclusion: Do not write a conclusion for Academic Task 1. The overview and
conclusion serve the same purpose, that is, they both summarize the information in the
diagram.

Main Features
You need to select the main features of the diagram and make comparisons where relevant. The main
features differ according to the type of diagram.

Do not attempt to describe (or list) all or as many of the main features as possible. You should spend 20
minutes on Task 1, thus trying to describe as many main features as possible (for certain diagrams)
simply is not possible in the time frame and it would mean writing over 200 words, which is poor time
management.

When describing the main features, always include the data (the figures) along with the description of the
main features.

The instructions also include “make comparisons where relevant”. This means you should compare the
main features of certain diagrams. When making comparisons, use a range of cohesive devices
accurately. This will have a positive impact on the Coherence and Cohesion score.

A list of cohesive devices can be found on page 65.

8
[Link]

Unit 1: Maps & Plans

Test Tips: Maps & Plans

This task usually shows two maps or plans in two different time periods and you are required to
describe the main changes between the two periods of time which can be:
• A point of time in the past (e.g. 2018) and the present.
• Two time periods in the past (e.g. 2010 and 2020).
• The present and future developments.
• A single map which shows plans to develop new facilities with a choice of locations.

Vocabulary: Map Features

When reporting changes to cities and towns, the features will usually be labeled on the maps.

Exercise 1: Put the features into the correct row.

roads factory shop highways houses golf course roundabout shopping

center
fields block of store city hall mall park apartments hotel
flats

farmland museum airport warehouse port housing farmhouse school

estate
café restaurant playing cinema hospital library plant theatre
fields

Infrastructure roads

Industrial features

Commercial/retail facilities

Residential area/zone & features

Leisure/recreational facilities

Agricultural area & features

Public buildings

9
[Link]

Vocabulary: Describing Changes - Verbs

When describing changes to a location, you should be familiar with verbs and their meanings.
Exercise 2: Match the verbs with the definitions.

convert construct industrialize replace add demolish

pull down reduce reconstruct modernize remove renovate

build enlarge cut down redevelop knock down extend

improve expand upgrade transform scale down change

turn into develop erect cut back increase assemble

To change into something else convert

Make something bigger

Make something smaller

Build something where there was

nothing before

To take something away

General statements about changes

Test Tips: Phrases to Describe Maps

Phrases to describe maps are useful but should be used in moderation and not to introduce every
point you want to make. For example:

• It is interesting to note that…

• Another obvious change has been...
• A notable proposed development is…
• The town has witnessed…

10
[Link]

Vocabulary: Describing Changes - Nouns

.
Exercise 3: Write the noun of the following verbs

Verb Noun Verb Noun Verb Noun

convert conversion reduce introduce

construct refurbish redevelop

industrialize modernize extend

replace remove improve

add renovate expand

demolish build upgrade

reconstruct enlarge transform

develop erect change

Exercise 4:
Use the prompt word to complete the sentences with a noun OR a verb.
1. Construct: A noticeable change has been the _______ of a shopping mall in the north of the town.
2. Extend: The hotel has __________ its car park to double the capacity.
3. Improve: City planners intend to __________ the road network around the city center.
4. Develop: The proposed __________ of a new mall is under discussion.
5. Industrialize: Overall, the town has witnessed considerable ___________ over 30 years.
6. Enlarge: Another obvious change is the residential area, in the west, which has been __________ to
almost double its original size.
7. Modernize: The ___________ of the road network has led to a reduction of public recreational
facilities.
8. Add: The only change to the hotel is the ___________ of a swimming pool.
9. Demolish: The farmhouse was ___________ and replaced with a bowling alley.
10. Improve: Transport facilities have been ____________ with the construction of an airport.

11
[Link]

Vocabulary: Location

Test Tips: Describing Location

When describing maps, include the location of the different features. There is usually a compass
on the maps which you should use to write the location in full. When a compass is not provided,
use prepositions and phrases to describe location.

In the/Located in the… north/south/east/west… northeast/northwest… southeast/southwest

Between… next to… on the right/left of… near… opposite the… behind the…

Exercise 5: Choose the correct answer according to the maps

Source: IELTS past papers

1. The bridge in the _____ of the village has remained unchanged.

A. northwest B. north C. west
2. The large house located in the _____ has been converted into a retirement home.
A. east B. west C. south-west
3. The primary school _____ the post office has been extended.
A. next to B. between C. opposite
4. The shops _____ the post office have been demolished and replaced with housing.
A. on the right of B. on the left of C. in front of
5. The gardens, _____ of the large house, have been replaced with residential units.
A. south B. east C. west
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0 Copyright © 2024 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or
any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.
12
[Link]

Grammar: Passive
Passives are widely used in the description of maps and plans.
• We form the Present Simple Passive with object + to be + past participle of the verb.
• We use the passive when who does the action is not important and/or we do not know who does
the action.
Example: The cinema has been redeveloped into a supermarket.
• If we want to include who does the action or it is important to mention, we can use active or add
them at the end of a passive sentence, introduced with the word by.
Example: The cinema has been redeveloped into a supermarket by the local council.
• If there is more than one past participle following a subject, it is not necessary to repeat the
auxiliary verb.
Example: The cinema has been closed and repurposed into a supermarket.

Exercise 6:
Change the active sentences into the passive.

Example: The hotel owners have added a carpark at the rear.

A carpark has been added at the rear of the hotel.

1. The city council will demolish the old factory by the river.

2. The Useful Company built a new office block in the center of the business district.

3. Overall, the government has modernized the town’s infrastructure over the time period.

4. The council plans to replace the old city hospital.

5. The college will renovate the campus during the summer holiday.

6. The Rail Company has opened three new stations in the north of the town.

7. Developers constructed a new housing estate next to the forest.

8. City planners have completely demolished the farmland surrounding the village.

9. The company will convert the canteen into a meeting room.

10. The café owners have not made any changes to the building.

Task Focus

Maps: Past to Present

The maps below show the village of Steelbridge in 1986 and the present.

Source: IELTS past papers

Grammar:
The main tenses used to describe changes for maps that show changes from past to present are
Present Perfect (active and passive) and Past Simple (active and passive)

Introduction
Test Tips
Begin by paraphrasing the diagram description. Try to use more complex sentences as this will have
a positive effect on your band score.

Basic: The maps show the development of the village of Steelbridge from 1986 until today.
Complex: Depicted in the maps is the transformation of Steelbridge village from 1986 until the present.
Complex: The development of the village of Steelbridge from 1986 until today is illustrated in the maps.
Overview
For two maps showing changes from past to present, you should make a general statement to
describe the overall changes along with the most noticeable or biggest change.

Example: Overall, the village has changed significantly, especially with the conversion of farmland into
residential areas.

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0 Copyright © 20224 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or
any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.

14
[Link]

Main Features & Comparisons

The biggest or most noticeable changes should be described first, then the second greatest. You can
also compare these to features that have not changed or barely changed.
Divide the main features into two paragraphs and use a variety of linking words (cohesive devices)
to make comparisons, show contrast and describe additions.

A list of cohesive devices can be found on page 65.

Example: One noticeable development is that in the center of the village, the large house and gardens
have been replaced by a retirement home, whereas the bridge in the north has remained unchanged.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. Compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the changes to the town of Seaville.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Model Answer A

15
[Link]

Task Focus

Maps: Present to Future

The maps below show the center of a small town called Islip as it is now, and plans for its
development

Source: IELTS past papers

Grammar: Future Developments

The main tense used to describe future developments is Future Passive. Will / shall / going to+ be +
past participle form of the verb.
You can also use phrases such as “is planned to be converted” “is proposed to be demolished”

Introduction
Test Tips
Maps and building plans showing future developments usually do not have completion dates. It is
not necessary to invent a date.

Basic: The maps show the center of Islip today and the plans to redevelop it.
Complex: Illustrated in the maps is the planned modernization of Islip city center.
Complex: Plans for the modernization of Islip town center are depicted in the maps.

16
[Link]

Overview
For two maps or building plans showing future changes, you should make a general statement to
describe the proposals along with the most noticeable planned change.

Example: Overall, significant upgrades are proposed for Islip, especially the reconstruction of
the road network around the center.
Main Features & Comparisons

The biggest or most noticeable planned changes should be described first, then the second greatest.
You can also compare these to the existing features.

Example: One of the most noticeable proposals is the construction of a highway that will encircle the
town center and result in the pedestrianization of the area.
Test Practice
Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the proposed changes to an office building.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past papers

Model Answer B

17
[Link]

Task Focus

Maps: In the Past

The maps below show the changes that took place in the town of Frenton from 1990 to 2012.

Grammar: Maps and Plans in the Past

The main tenses used to describe maps and plans in the past are Past Simple (active and passive)and
Past Perfect (active and passive).

Introduction
Begin by paraphrasing the diagram description.
Basic: The maps show the changes that took place in the town of Frenton from 1990 to 2012.
Complex: Depicted in the maps is the reconstruction of Frenton over a period of 12 years.
Complex: The reconstruction of the town of Frenton, over a 12 year period , is illustrated in the maps.

18
[Link]

Overview
For two maps or building plans showing changes in the past, you should make a general statement to
describe the overall changes to the location along with the most noticeable or biggest change.

Example: Overall, the town of Frenton was extensively redeveloped, particularly the repurposing
and construction of the residential facilities in the west and north.
Main features & comparisons
The biggest or most noticeable changes should be described first, then the second greatest. You can
also compare these to the existing features.

Example: To the west of High Street, the café and park was transformed into a hotel and golf
course, while, to the east, the library was the only building that was not redeveloped.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The two maps below show road access to a city hospital in 2007 and in 2010.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past papers

Model Answer C

19
[Link]

Task Focus

Single Map

The map shows the town of Pellington with three proposed sites for a new shopping mall (A, B and
C).

Test Tips: Single Maps

Single maps usually show plans to develop new facilities with a choice of locations. There is usually
a choice of two, or more, proposed sites. The task requires you to report on the positives and
negatives of each proposed site.
You are not required to recommend which one is more suitable and do not give your opinion about
which site is the best.

Introduction
For single maps, paraphrase the task description .
Basic: The map shows three possible places for a new shopping center in Pellington town, which has a
population of 120,000.
Complex: Illustrated in the map are three alternative locations for the construction of a new shopping
center in Pellington town, which has a population of 120,000.
Complex: Three alternative locations for the construction of a new shopping center in Pellington town,
which has a population of 120,000, are depictedin the map.

20
[Link]

Overview
For the overview for a single map, describe the locations of the proposed development.

Example: Overall, location A is proposed to be built in the northwest, while site B could be constructed
in the northeast, and C is suggested for the south of Pellington.

Main Features
For the main features of a single map, include the positives and negatives of each proposed site.

Example: Site A is proposed to be built in the residential area that will afford easy access for the
residents. The location, however, is next to a large industrial area which could create issues with air
pollution.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The local council of Foxfield town plan to build a new shopping mall and two possible sites, S1 and
S2 are being considered.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Model Answer D

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target Copyright © 20224 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or any
of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.

21
[Link]

Unit 2: Dynamic Charts

Test Tips: Dynamic Charts

Dynamic charts show trends, in various categories over a period of time. The trends can be shown in
line graphs, bar charts, pie charts or tables. The time periods will be in the diagram description,
titles or labelled on the axis and can be…
• In the past.
• From past to present.
• Diagrams that include future predictions.

Vocabulary: Verbs + Adverbs

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in the correct row.

increase grow decrease soar halve surge rise

decline go up dip go down plummet incline drop
rocket climb jump fall plunge double

Upward trend increase

Large upward trend

Downward trend

Large downward trend

Test Tips: Describing Figures

When writing or spelling numbers do not add “s”.
Write 3000 NOT 3000s Write three thousand NOT three thousands

Exercise 2: Which of the adverbs in the box below describe…

1. A small change… 3. A fast change…
2. A big change… 4. A slow change…

dramatically rapidly significantly considerably slightly

substantially gradually steadily marginally sharply

22
[Link]

Vocabulary: Adjectives + Nouns

Trends can also be described using a combination of adjectives and nouns.
Adjectives
dramatic rapid significant considerable slight
substantial gradual steady marginal sharp

Exercise 3: Put the nouns in the box below in the correct row.
increase decrease dip jump growth incline
decline drop climb surge plunge fall rise

Upward trend increase

Large upward trend

Downward trend

Large downward trend

Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer A or B to complete the sentences.

1. Between 2000 and 2001, the sales figures __________ from $1000 to $700.

A. dropped sharply B. sharp drop

2. From 2019 to 2020, there was a __________ in the subscription numbers.
A. declined dramatically B. dramatic decline
3. Between 2000 and today, the accident rates have __________ from 600 to 1000.
A. significant increase B. increased significantly
4. There has been a __________ in the number of female candidates, from 33 to 36.
A. slight rise B. rose slightly
5. By 2050, the price of sugar is predicted to have __________ from $10 per kilo to &6.
A. rapid fall B. fallen rapidly
6. A __________ from $1000 to $700 is forecast in the sales figures by 2050.
A. significant increase B. increase significantly
7. The price of gold is expected to __________ from $100 an ounce to $120 in the next few years.
A. plunge B. surge

23
[Link]

Grammatical Range
To increase your band score in the Grammatical Range and Accuracy criterion, use a combination
of verbs & adverbs and adjectives & nouns to describe trends.

Vocabulary: Prepositions
Prepositions are widely used to describe trends and time periods.

Preposition Use
in Used with months and years:
The rates peaked in April at $500.
during, over Covers a period of time:
Overall, the rate fluctuated slightly over the three year period.
Overall, during the three year period, the rate fluctuated slightly.

from/to Covers a period of time from start to finish.

between/and From 2015 to 2016, the pass rate rose significantly by 25%.
The pass rate rose significantly from 25% to 45% between 2015 and 2016.
by Describes how much something has changed.
The divorce rate dropped by 25%.
from/to Describes the data from start to finish.
The divorce rate rose from 20% to 25%.

Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. The number of students enrolling in the course rose significantly _____ 2020 _____ 2021.
2. Overall, there was a slight increase in all the categories _____ the decade.
3. The number of users increased _____ approximately 1000 from 2019 to 2020.
4. The figures plateaued _____ 2018 at 10,000.
5. The numbers varied considerably _____ the 5 years.
6. _____ 2010 _____ 2015, the enrolment rate rose gradually.

Grammar: Active Vs Passive

The active voice is mostly used to describe trends. So, avoid using it for this task type.
Example: The accident rate rose significantly over the years.
NOT: The accident rate was risen significantly over the years.

Vocabulary: No Trend
No trend is when there is no upward or downward change in the data between consecutive time periods.

Phrase Example

Remain stable/ From about 1995 to 2002, the figures for goods transported by pipeline remained
unchanged/steady stable/unchanged/steady at approximately 22 million tonnes.

Stay constant From about 1995 to 2002, the figures for goods transported by pipeline stayed
constant at approximately 22 million tonnes.

No change There was no change in the figures for goods transported by pipeline between
1995 and 2002, at roughly 22 million tonnes.

Test Tips: Approximate Figures

When the exact figures are not clear in the diagram, you can use phrases to express approximations.
approximately roughly almost nearly just over just under
a little over a little under about a little less than a little more than

25
[Link]

Test Tips
Always include data (figures) to support your description of trends.
Example: The student numbers rose considerably from 10% to 17% from 2020 to 2022.
Vocabulary: Highs & Lows
The highs and lows are main features and should be included in your report.

Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer A or B based on the information in the bar chart above.
1. The accident rates reached __________ of roughly 4.4% in 2016.
A. a low point B. a high point C. highest point
2. Approximately 1.8% was __________ accident rate in 2017.
A. the lowest B. the highest C. lowest
3. The accident rate reached __________ at roughly 4.4% in 2016.
A. a trough B. the lowest C. a peak
4. In 2017, the accident rate decreased to __________ of about 1.8%
A. a trough B. a peak C. a bottom
5. The accident rate __________ at approximately 4.4% in 2016.
A. gained B. peaked C. higher

Test Tips
Never give opinions or reasons when describing trends.
Example: The sales figures rose considerably from 10% to 17% from 2020 to 2022.
NOT: The sales figures rose considerably from 10% to 17% from 2020 to 2022 because of the
healthy economy.

26
[Link]

Vocabulary: Fluctuating Trends

Example: From 2015 to 2018, the accident rate fluctuated/varied/vacillated considerably.

A significant fluctuation/variation/vacillation in the accident rate was witnessed from 2016 to 2018.
Describing Trends
Exercise 7:
Read the line graph below and match the descriptions 1 to 8 to the boxes A to H.
1. rose dramatically/substantial increase
2. fell sharply/rapid decrease
3. grew gradually/steady climb
4. dropped slightly/slight drop
5. reach a high of/peaked at
6. hit a low of/reached a trough/was the lowest
7. fluctuated/varied/vacillated
8. remained constant, unchanged, stable, steady… there was no change

27
[Link]

Task Focus

Dynamic Charts: Past

The chart below shows the percentage of households in owned and rented accommodation in
England and Wales between 1918 and 2011.

Source: IELTS past papers

Introduction
Basic: The bar chart shows the percentage of households that owned and rented a place to live in
England and Wales over 93 years.
Complex: Depicted in the diagram is the percentage of households that owned and rented a place to live
in England and Wales over 93 years.
Complex: The percentage of households that owned and rented a place to live in England and Wales
over 93 years is illustrated in the bar chart.

Overview

For dynamic charts in the past, describe the general trend in the categories from start to finish. Do
not include the data (figures). These will be included in the main body paragraphs.

Example: Overall, the rate of rented accommodation decreased gradually but rose slightly in the final
recorded year, while the percentage of places that were owned increased steadily with a slight
drop in 2011.

28
[Link]

Main Features & Comparisons

When describing trends, the main features are the greatest increases and decreases followed by the
second greatest ones, the high and low points and the trends that remained constant.

Example: In 1918, the percentage of rented accommodation was almost four times that of owned places
at just under 80%, whereas in 1971 the percentage of both types of accommodation was identical at 50%
each.

Grammar: Trends in the Past

The main tenses for dynamic charts (past) are Past Simple active and Past Perfect active.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Source: IELTS past paper

Model Answer E

29
[Link]

Task Focus

Dynamic Charts: Past to Present

The diagrams below show the amount of time spent on smartphones, by category, in 2010 and
today.

Introduction
Basic: The diagrams show how people have spent their time on their mobile devices in 2010 and today.
Complex: Illustrated in the pie charts are the categories in which smartphone users have spent time on
in 2010 and today.
Complex: The categories in which smartphone users have spent time on in 2010 and today are depicted
in the pie charts.
Overview
For dynamic from past to present, describe the general trend in the categories from start to finish.
Do not include the data (figures). These will be included in the main body paragraphs.

Example: Overall, only one of the six categories, other, has remained unchanged, while there has been
a decline in two of them and an increase in the remaining three.

Test Tips – Percentages and Fractions

The data in pie charts is usually expressed in percentages that add up to 100. To show a range of
language, you can describe the percentages as fractions using modifiers, such as almost,
approximately, just under, just over.
Example: In 2010, finance accounted for a quarter of all smartphone use, while today it accounts
for just over one tenth.

30
[Link]

Main Features & Comparisons

When describing trends, the main features are the greatest increases and decreases followed by the
second greatest ones. Another main feature is when the trend remained constant.

Example: The most noticeable trend is the considerable increase in the use of social media over the time
period which has more than doubled from 16% in 2010 to 40% today.

Grammar: Trends from Past to Present.

When describing trends from past to present, the main tense is Present Perfect active. When you
describe trends or figures solely in the past in the same diagram, Past Simple active and Past Perfect
active are used. When describing data in the present, use Present Simple active.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows the percentage of children with different educational problems in two
primary schools.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where necessary.
Write at least 150 words.
Percentage of children with different educational problems
Model Answer E

2012 2012 Today Today

Problem area School A School B School A School B

Spelling 22 8 24 10

Handwriting 29 9 29 9

Reading ability 30 5 15 10

Listening skills 35 11 20 12

Concentration level 40 15 20 15

Following instructions 42 6 21 12

Model Answer F

31
[Link]

Task Focus

Dynamic Charts with Future Predictions

The charts below give information about the ages of the population of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and
projections for 2050.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
necessary.
Write at least 150 words.

Source: IELTS past paper

32
[Link]

Grammar: Dynamic Charts with Future Predictions

For future prediction of trends, will and going to are not appropriate to use because they describe
future certainty and future plans. If you use will, then use modifiers such as will possibly, probably
or likely.
The instruction clearly states projections for 2050 which may or may not happen. Expressions, in the
passive, such as is anticipated , is forecast, is predicted, is expected and is projected should be used.
If you use the active voice, add a subject.

Example: The diagram predicts/forecasts the level will rise.

Introduction

Basic: The pie charts show different age groups in Italy and Yemen in 2000, along with predictions for
2050.

Complex: Depicted in the pie charts are the percentages of three age groups in Yemen and Italy in 2000
and how they are expected to change by 2050.

Complex: The percentages of three age groups in Yemen and Italy in 2000 and how they are expected to
change by 2050 are depicted in the pie charts,

Overview
For dynamic charts showing trends from past to future, describe the predictions in the different
categories.

Example: Overall, an increase in two of the three categories in Yemen is forecast, while a significant rise
in only one age group is expected in Italy.

Main Features & Comparisons

When describing trends in charts with future predictions, the main features are the greatest predicted
increases and decreases followed by the second greatest ones. Another main feature is when the
trend is forecast to remain unchanged.

Example: A considerable increase in the 60+ age group, from 24.1% to 42.3%, is forecast for Italy,
whereas in Yemen, this category is only expected to rise slightly from 3.6% to 5.7%.

33
[Link]

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA
since 1980 with projections until 2030.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
necessary.

Write at least 150 words.

Source: IELTS past paper

Model Answer G

34
[Link]

Unit 3: Static Charts

Test Tips
Static charts show data in several categories from a fixed point in time. Unlike dynamic charts,
there are no trends in these types of diagrams. The information can be shown in bar charts, tables
or pie charts. The time can be...
• In the past.
• In the present.
• Have no timeframe - when no timeframe is given, the information is in the present.

Analyze the chart carefully to determine the timeframe (past or present).

Task Focus

Sources of CO2 emissions in Asia

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for different types of transport in Asia.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
necessary.
Write at least 150 words.

35
[Link]

Introduction

Basic: The diagram shows the percentage of CO2 emissions for various transportation types in Asia.

Complex: Depicted in the diagram are the percentage figures of CO2 emissions for various
transportation types in Asia.

Complex: The percentage figures of CO2 emissions for various transportation types in Asia are
illustrated in the diagram.

Overview
For static charts, include the highest and lowest categories. Don’t include any data (numbers)
because you will do this when describing the main features.

Example: Overall, the greatest source of CO2 emissions in Asia is road traffic, while the category of
other accounts for the lowest percentage.

Main Features & Comparisons

For static charts, the main features are the highest and the lowest data, and data that is equal. After
you have described these, you should describe the second highest and lowest.

You should compare and contrast the information using comparatives and superlatives, cohesive de-
vices (linking words) and expressions to make comparisons.

Example: Ports are the second lowest source of CO2 emissions at 9%, while, in contrast, public
transport is over three times higher than ports, with a percentage of 28.

36
[Link]

Grammar: Static Charts

The table below is dated 2012, so the main tense is Past Simple active and passive.
Active: Food, drinks and tobacco represented the highest spending in Ireland at 28.91%, while
it constituted almost half that amount in Sweden at 15.77%.
Passive: 28.91% was spent by the Irish on food, drink and tobacco in 2012.

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in 5 different countries
in 2012.

Source: IELTS past paper

Grammar: Static Charts

The bar chart on the next page has no date, so the main tense is Present Simple active.
Example: An equal number of boys and girls, 35 each, go cycling.

Note: When the chart has no date, either use Present Simple or Past Simple - NOT of mixture of
both.
Example: Cycling accounts/accounted for the most popular sport with 80 girls and boys at
approximately 79.

37
[Link]

The bar chart shows the number of boys and girls playing sport in an Irish city.

Exercise 1: Look at the bar chart above and the table on the previous page and complete the
sentences with the verb (in brackets) in the correct tense.

1. Almost 25 girls _____ football, whereas the number for boys is double that, at 50. (play)
2. The Spanish _____ the least amount of all the countries on leisure and education at just 1.98%,
whereas Turkey was the biggest spender in this category at 4.35%. (spend)
3. Food, drinks and tobacco _____ the greatest percentage of consumer spending in all 5 countries.
(account for)
4. An equal number of boys and girls, approximately 35 each, _____ swimming. (go)
5. About 10 more girls _____ running than boys. (prefer) The number of girls _____ of about 55,
whereas boys totaled roughly 45. (consist)
6. Spending on leisure/education _____ the least amount of consumer spending for all 5 countries in
2012. (represent)
7. The least favorite sport, with a total of 25, that girls _____ in is football at about 25. (take part)

Vocabulary: Proportions
When reporting on static charts, use verbs to describe proportions…

account for consist of comprise make up proportion

constitute represent take up include number of

The diagram below shows the amount of time spent on smartphones today, by category.

Exercise 2
Match 1 - 7 to A - F to make sentences describing the information in the pie chart above.

1. Watching videos represents… A. 22% of the total.

2. The proportion of smartphone B. spending their time on finance is 11%

users… C. the smallest percentage, at 4%.

3. Playing games on smartphones today com- D. the second least popular use of smartphones,
prises… at 10% of users.
4. Other use of smartphones constitutes… E. 13% of the time people spend on their
5. Music accounts for... smartphones today.

6. Accessing the social network makes up... F. the highest percentage of smartphone use,
with 40%.

39
[Link]

Making Comparisons
Expressions to make comparisons...

same as….as almost/nearly not as.… as more/less…. as…. as

as…. as than
the second/third almost/nearly as twice/three times the second/third similar to
most as…. least

Exercise 3: Look at the pie chart above and choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1. Overall, the _____ method of commuting is using a car.

A. more popular B. most popular C. popular
2. The least popular form of transport is riding a motorbike, with only 2% of commuters using it. Taking
the train is _____ the motorbike, at 3%.
A. as unpopular as B. the same percentage as C. almost as unpopular as
3. _____ workers use a car to commute to work as those who go by bicycle.
A. Half as many B Twice as many C. Twice as much
4. 15% of employees prefer to walk to work, which is _____ the combined total of 10% for train, bus
and motorbike.
A. more than B. lower than C. equal
5. Riding a bicycle accounts for ______ popular mode of transportation.
A. the third most B. the least C. the second most

40
[Link]

Vocabulary: Linking Words

Test Tips
Linking words (cohesive devices) can also be used to compare and contrast information.

Comparison: in comparison, compared with, similarly, compared to, in the same way, equally,
likewise

Contrast: However, even though, in spite of, on one hand, on the other hand, whereas, although,
instead of, despite, in contrast, while

When using linking words, do not always use them at the beginning of a sentence. Try to use them
within sentences.
Example: Other use of smartphones constitutes the smallest percentage, at 4%. Accessing the
social network, on the other hand, is ten times more popular, at 40%.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct linking word for the following sentences.

1. _____ travelling to work by bus is used by only 5% of employees, it is still more favored than the train
and motorbike.
A. In spite B. However C. Even though
2. Travelling to work by bicycle accounts for a quarter of workers’ preference, at 25%. _____, it is
50%less than the number one preference, which is commuting by car.
A. Despite B. Instead of C. However
3. Other use of smartphones constitutes the smallest percentage, at 4%. Accessing the social network,
__________, is ten times more popular, at 40%.
A. compared with B. on the other hand C. although
4. According to the first chart, the proportion of women involved in cooking is the highest, at 82%, while,
__________, the opposite is true for house repairs.
A. in contrast B. instead of C. on the one hand
5. One hour is spent on cleaning by men, which is three times as much as pet care, __________ women
spend over 4 times more on cleaning, at around 85 minutes.
A. whereas B. equally C. likewise
6. Regarding spending on food, Japan was the biggest spender at about 23%, __________ approximately
14% accounted for the USA’s expenditure.
A. despite B. while C. in the same way

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the final medal table from the London Olympic Games in 2012.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Model Answer H

42
[Link]

Unit 4: Processes & Procedures

Test Tips
Diagrams showing a step-by-step process or procedure can come in many forms. The various stages
are usually labelled on the diagram with arrows showing the direction of the process or procedure.
The diagrams can include…
A: Manufacturing Process: Diagrams depicting how something is produced.
B: Cycles: Recycling diagrams show the step-by-step procedure of how products are reused, and
natural cycles show a process from the world of nature.
C: Flow Charts: Show a step-by-step procedure on how to do something.
D: Machines & Devices: Diagrams that show how machines and devices work and the procedure
for operating them.

Vocabulary: Cohesive Devices

All process and procedure diagrams depict a series of stages or steps and you should use a range of
cohesive devices (linking words) appropriately to describe sequence.

Exercise 1: Put the following linking words and phrases in the column below according to the meaning.

first of all culminating in to start with thirdly

to begin with concluding with secondly after that/this

firstly second the next step/stage is following this/that

the following step is initially after which subsequently

finally at the beginning at the end lastly

The first stage/step Next The last stage/step

first of all

Test Tips - Describing Stages

When describing processes and procedures, every stage is a main feature and should be included in
your report.

Grammar: Active & Passive

When describing the steps/stages, the main tenses we use are Present Simple passive.
Example: After raw materials are turned into powder, it is fed into a mixer.

Exercise 2: Source: IELTS past paper

Change the following sentences from active to passive.

1. In the first stage, workers feed limestone and clay into a crusher.
2. After mixing the powder, they put it into a heater.
3. After that, the grinder crushes the powder into cement.
4. As soon as the cement is in powder form, they put it in separate sacks.
5. Workers then add the cement, along with gravel, water and sand into a concrete mixer.
6. The mixer rotates the four components until it produces concrete.

44
[Link]

Grouping Stages
Process and procedure diagrams often have a lot of stages, especially flow charts. When this happens,
group the stages together when describing the main features.

Example: The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.

Source: IELTS past paper

You can combine the first 4 stages. Note: stage 2 has 2 steps.
Example Basic Description: First of all, students graduate from high school. Then, they download
the college application form. Next, they fill out this form and after that, they submit it to the college
admin department.

Each stage is described in order in three sentences using the Present Simple active. It uses a range of
linking words to describe sequence.

Example Complex Description: Once the university application form has been downloaded and com-
pleted by high school graduates, it is forwarded to the university admin department where there are 3
possible outcomes.
The 4 stages have been combined in 1 sentence using more complex grammatical structures - Present

45
[Link]

Grammar: Conjunctions
Use conjunctions to describe sequence for more complex sentences.

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences about the cement and concrete making process with the correct
conjunction from the box below.

as soon as/ when/once + Present Perfect after + ing after + Present Perfect
before + ing where

1. _____ emerging from the mixer, the powder is placed in a rotating heater.
2. The powder is placed in a rotating heater _____ it has emerged from the mixer.
3. _____ the clay and limestone have passed through a crushing device, it is loaded into a mixer.
4. After it is heated, the cement is fed into a grinder, ______ it is crushed into a fine powder.
5. ______being packed into bags, the cement is run through a grinder.

Paraphrasing Diagram Labels

The various stages in process and procedure diagrams are usually labeled. You should use synonyms
and paraphrase, where possible, when describing these in your answer.

Exercise 4: Replace the words and phrases in bold with synonyms and paraphrase from the box.

gather documents choose courses forwarded to the administration department

join the college fill out a form for a different subject

1. After all the requirements have been met, the applicant can finally enter university.
2. Once high school graduates have enrolled at the college, they can select subjects they want to
study.
3. The completed application form is sent to admin.
4. Students need to complete an application for an alternative course if their initial application is
rejected.
5. If the application is provisionally accepted, the student must compile documentation.

46
[Link]

Task Focus

Manufacturing Process

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Source: IELTS past paper

Introduction
Basic: The diagram shows how bricks are made for the construction sector.
Complex: Depicted in the diagram is the manufacturing process for bricks which are used in the
construction sector.
Complex: The manufacturing process for bricks that are used in the construction sector is depicted in
the diagram.
Overview
For manufacturing processes, include the number of steps and where it starts and finishes.

Example: Overall, there are several stages involved in the process, which commences with a vehicle
extracting the clay and culminates with the finished bricks being delivered to customers by lorry.

47
[Link]

Main Features
For manufacturing processes, every step or stage is a main feature and you need to include all of them in
your description. Paraphrase the labelled steps in the diagram and it is usually not relevant to include
comparisons.

Example: After the bricks have been dried in an oven for one to two days, they are placed in kilns
where they are heated at temperatures ranging from 200 to 1300 degrees.
Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the process of growing and preparing pineapples and pineapple
products

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper Test practice

Model Answer I

Task Focus

Cycles

The diagram illustrates the process for recycling plastic bottles.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Source: IELTS past paper

Introduction
Basic: The diagram shows how bottles made of plastic are recycled.
Complex: Depicted in the diagram is the procedure for recycling bottles made of plastic.
Complex: The procedure for recycling bottles made of plastic is depicted in the diagram.

49
[Link]

Overview
For cycles, include the number of stages along with where it starts and finishes in the overview.
Additionally, because they are cycles that constantly repeat, include a phrase to describe this.
Example: … it is a continuous/ongoing process.

Example: Overall, the procedure consists of nine steps, which begin with empty bottles being left at
a collection point and finishing with various products that are made of the recycled plastic, and it is
an ongoing process.
Main Features and Comparisons
For cycles, every step or stage is a main feature and you need to include all of them in your description.
Paraphrase the labelled steps in the diagram and it is usually not relevant to include comparisons.

Example: The empty plastic bottles are transported to a recycling center by lorry where they are sorted
into ones that can be recycled and those that cannot be used.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the stages in the life cycle of a frog.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Model Answer J

50
[Link]

Task Focus

Flowchart
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The flowchart shows the procedure for acquiring a driving license.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Introduction
Basic: The flowchart shows the process for getting a permit to drive.
Complex: Illustrated in the flowchart is the process for obtaining a permit to drive.
Complex: The process for obtaining a permit to drive is illustrated in the flowchart.

Overview
For flowcharts, include the number of steps. You should also include where the procedure starts and
finishes, including the different possible endings.
Example: Overall, there are several steps, commencing at the center where the license is issued and
finishing with successfully obtaining a permit once all the conditions have been met.

Main Features and Comparisons

Every step or stage is a main feature in a flowchart and you need to include all of them in your
description. Paraphrase the labelled steps in the diagram. Making comparisons are relevant for
flowcharts when there are alternative directions the procedure can take.

Example: Once the form has been completed by the applicant, they need to take an eye test, and if they
fail this, they cannot obtain a license.

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Model Answer K

52
[Link]

Task Focus

Machines & Devices

Diagrams that show machines and devices are a type of process diagrams that students can find
challenging mainly because they think that specialized knowledge and vocabulary is necessary to
write the report.

However, no specialized knowledge or vocabulary is needed and these types of diagrams should be
approached in the same way as the other process and procedure diagrams.

The stages and equipment are labeled on the diagram and you should try to use synonyms and
paraphrase when describing these.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

53
[Link]

Introduction
Basic: The diagram shows how electricity is produced using geothermal energy.
Complex: Illustrated in the picture is the process of how electricity is generated using geothermal
energy.
Complex: The process of electricity generation using geothermal energy is illustrated in the picture.
Overview
The stages in machine and devices diagrams are often numbered so you should write the number of
stages and where the process starts and finishes.

Example: Overall, the process of generating electricity has five stages, beginning with the pumping of
cold water into geothermal areas and finishing with electricity being fed into the national grid.

For diagrams showing machines and devices that do not have numbered stages, you should describe
what the machine does.

Example Introduction: The diagram shows how a mechanical arm works, and how the joints that make
up the arm function in the same way as those in the human arm.

Example Overview: Overall, the machine arm can perform a variety of tasks such a holding items,
drilling, painting and welding.

Source: IELTS
past paper

Main Features and Comparisons

Every step/stage is a main feature and you need to include all of them in your description.
Paraphrase the labelled steps in the diagram. You should use a range of cohesive devices to
describe sequence and addition. Making comparisons are not usually relevant in this type of
diagram.

Example: Once the cold water is fed down to a depth of 4.5km, it passes through a well which
injects it onto the hot rocks in the geothermal zone.
Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The picture below shows an automatic photo booth.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Model Answer L

55
[Link]

Unit 5: Multiple Diagrams

Task Focus

Test Tips
Multiple diagrams are a minimum of 2 types of diagrams showing information related to a topic. The
diagrams can be a combination of a pie chart, a table, a line graph or a bar chart, and their
functions can be describing trends and static information.

The chart below shows what anthropology graduates from a university did after finishing their
undergraduate degree course. The table shows the salaries of the anthropologists in work after 5
years.

Source: IELTS past papers

56
[Link]

Structure
Test Tips
For multiple diagrams, use the following structure for your answer. Separate the description of the
main features for each diagram into two separate paragraphs.

Paragraph 1: Introduction (Paraphrase + Overview)

Paragraph 2: Diagram 1 - Description of main features + comparisons

Paragraph 3: Diagram 2 - Description of main features + comparisons

Introduction
Test Tips
Paraphrase the description of the charts and their titles in one sentence using an appropriate linking
word or phrase.

Exercise 1:

Choose the most appropriate introduction for the charts from the previous page.

A. The pie chart illustrates what students of anthropology from a college did after graduation, while
the table compares their earnings after 5 years in employment.

B. The first diagram, a pie chart, shows what anthropology graduates did after finishing their
undergraduate degree course, whereas the table shows salaries of these graduates after 5 years
work.

C. The pie chart depicts what graduates from a university chose to do after they finished their course
with full-time employment being the most popular choice at 52%, while the table shows that 50% of
government sector employees were the highest paid after 5 years.

Overview

Test Tips
The overview will depend on the function of the charts. Both charts on the previous page show static
information. Describe the highest OR lowest in each category. You do not need to include both the
highest and lowest categories for each chart because you should manage your time and not write too
much.

Exercise 2:

Choose the most appropriate overview for the charts about anthropologists.

A. Overall, it is clear from the information in the pie chart that the majority of students (52%) decided to
enter full-time employment after graduation, while, according to the data in the table, government sector
employees were the highest paid after 5 years with 50% of them receiving a salary of more than
$100,000.

B. Overall, the majority of students decided to enter full-time employment after graduation, while
government sector employees were the highest paid after 5 years.

Time Management

Test Tips
Keep the introduction - paraphrase and overview as concise as possible. If we look at the
introduction and overview for the task about anthropologists, we can see it is already 48 words.

The pie chart illustrates what students of anthropology from a college did after graduation, while the
table compares their earnings after 5 years in employment. Overall, the majority of students decided
to enter full-time employment after graduation, while government sector employees were the highest
paid after 5 years.

48 words

Main Features and Comparisons

Test Tips
Analyze the charts and identify the main features for each one and make comparisons. When selecting
the main features, you can highlight these on the question paper.

Since they are both static information charts, look for the highest, lowest and similar features.

Do not attempt to describe every feature in both charts. You simply do not have enough time and you
are only required to write 150 words.

58
[Link]

Highlighting the Main Features

equal

equal highest

lowest

Example: Paragraph 2 - Pie Chart

Slightly more than half of the graduates, at 52%, from a single college, entered full time employment,
whereas combining full-time work with a postgrad course was the least popular choice and accounted
for 5% of the total figures. In addition, enrolling on a full-time postgrad course and not known were the
second lowest figures, constituting 8% each.

Example: Paragraph 3 - Table

Half of the graduates of anthropology who work for the government receive a salary of more than
$100,000, while 10% of those employed by private companies receive $25,000 to $49,999. An equal
percentage of freelance consultants and government employees receive identical salaries, with 5%
receiving $25,000 to $49,999 and 15% getting a salary between $50,000 and $74,999.

The complete sample answer is in the answer key.

59
[Link]

Test Practice

Time yourself when completing this task. When you have finished, compare your answer to the model.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graphs below provide information about the sales of three different types of music in England.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Model Answer M

60
[Link]

Answer Key
Unit 1: Exercise 1
introduce introduction
Infrastructure: roads, highways, roundabout,
airport, port construct construction
Industrial features: factory, warehouse, plant refurbish refurbishment
Commercial/retail facilities: shop, store, mall, redevelop redevelopment
shopping center, hotel, café, restaurant, cinema industrialize industrialization
Residential area or zone & features: houses, modernize modernization
apartments, block of flats, housing estate
extend extension
Leisure/recreational facilities: golf course, park,
playing fields, theatre replace replacement

Agricultural area & features: farmland, remove removal

farmhouse, fields improve improvement
Public buildings: library, city hall, museum, add addition
school, hospital
renovate renovation
expand expansion
Unit 1: Exercise 2 demolish demolition
To change into something else: convert, replace, build building
reconstruct, renovate, redevelop, transform, change,
upgrade upgrade
turn into
reconstruct reconstruction
Make something bigger: add, enlarge, extend,
expand, increase enlarge enlargement
Make something smaller: reduce, scale down, cut transform transformation
back develop development
Build something where there was nothing before: erect erection
construct, build, develop, erect, assemble change change
To take something away: demolish, remove, cut Unit 1: Exercise 4
down, knock down, pull down
1. construction
General statements about changes: industrialize,
modernize, improve, upgrade, urbanize 2. extended 3. improve
4. development 5. industrialization
Unit 1: Exercise 3 6. enlarged 7. modernization
convert conversion 8. addition 9. demolished
reduce reduction 10. improved

61
[Link]

Answer Key

Unit 1: Exercise 5 Unit 2: Exercise 2

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 1. marginally, slightly
2. dramatically, substantially, considerably,
significantly
Unit 1: Exercise 6
3. rapidly, sharply
1. The old factory by the river will be demolished.
2. A new office block was built in the center of the 4. gradually, steadily
business district. Unit 2: Exercise 3
3. Overall, the town’s infrastructure has been
modernized over the time period. Upward trend: increase, growth, rise, incline
climb
4. The old city hospital is planned to be replaced.
Large upward trend: surge, jump
5. The campus will be renovated during the summer
Downward trend: decrease, fall, drop , decline
holiday. dip
6. Three new stations have been opened in the north Large downward trend: plunge
of the town.
Unit 2: Exercise 4
7. A new housing estate was constructed next to the
forest. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B
Unit 2: Exercise 5
8. The farmland surrounding the village has been
completely demolished. 1. from/to, between/and 2. over/during
9. The canteen will be converted into a meeting 3. by 4. in 5. over, during
room.
6. form/to, between/and
10. No changes have been made to the café’s
Unit 2: Exercise 6
building.
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B
Unit 2: Exercise 7
Unit 2: Exercise 1
1. D 2. B 3. H 4. G 5. E 6. C
Upward trend: increase, grow, go up, incline,
climb, rise 7. F 8. A
Large upward trend: soar, surge, rocket, jump, Unit 3: Exercise 1
double
1. play/played 2. spent
Downward trend: decrease, decline, dip, go down,
fall, drop 3. accounted for 4. go/went

Large downward trend: halve, plummet, plunge 5. prefer/preferred consists/consisted

6. represented 7. take part/took part

62
[Link]

Answer Key

Unit 3: Exercise 2 Unit 4: Exercise 3

1E 2B 3A 4C 5D 6F 1. After emerging from the mixer, the powder is
placed in a rotating heater.
Unit 3: Exercise 3 2. The powder is placed in a rotating heater after it
1B 2C 3B 4A 5C has emerged from the mixer.

Unit 3: Exercise 4 3. As soon as/When/Once the clay and limestone

have passed through a crushing device, it is loaded
1C 2C 3B 4A 5A 6B into a mixer.

Unit 4: Exercise 1 4. After it is heated, the cement is fed into a grinder,

where it is crushed into a fine powder.
The first stage/step: first of all, to start with,
5. Before being packed into bags, the cement is run
to begin with, firstly, initially, at the beginning through a grinder
Next: thirdly, secondly, after this/that, second,
the next step/stage is, following this/that, Unit 4: Exercise 4

the following step is, after which, 1. join the college

subsequently, 2. choose courses

The last stage/step: culminating in, concluding 3. forwarded to the administration department
with, finally, lastly, at the end
4. fill out a form for a different subject
5. gather documents
Unit 4: Exercise 2
1. In the first stage, limestone and clay are fed into
a crusher. Unit 5 Exercise 1
2. After the powder is mixed, it is put into a heater. Answer A
3. After that, the powder is crushed into cement in A is the most appropriate. It briefly paraphrases the
the grinder. task description and diagram titles.
4. As soon as the cement is in powder form, it is B copies parts of the description exactly as they
put it in separate sacks. appear and this would be deducted from the overall
5. Cement is added into a concrete mixer along word count.
with gravel, water and sand. C has too much information and contains data that
6. The four components are rotated in the mixer belongs in the body paragraphs.
until it produces concrete.

63
[Link]

Answer Key

Unit 5 Exercise 2 Unit 5 Sample answer

Answer B The pie chart illustrates what students of
B is concise and contains the highest category from anthropology from a college did after graduation,
each chart. while the table compares their earnings after 5
A has memorized chunks of language years in employment. Overall, the majority of
“it is clear from the information in the pie chart” students decided to enter full-time employment after
and “according to the data in the table”. graduation, while government sector employees
It also contains data that belongs in the body were the highest paid after 5 years.
paragraphs.
Slightly more than half of the graduates, at 52%,
from a single college, entered full time employment,
whereas combining full-time work with a postgrad
course was the least popular choice and accounted
for 5% of the total figures. In addition, enrolling on
a full-time postgrad course and not known were the
second lowest figures, constituting 8% each.

Half of the graduates of anthropology who work for

the government receive a salary of more than
$100,000, while 10% of those employed by private
companies receive $25,000 to $49,999. An equal
percentage of freelance consultants and government
employees receive identical salaries, with 5%
receiving $25,000 to $49,999 and 15% getting a
salary between $50,000 and $74,999.

162 words

64
[Link]

Cohesive Devices

Below are listed common cohesive devices. Using a range of them flexibly and accurately will increase
your band score.

Function Cohesive Devices

Sequence to start with, first, to begin with, the first thing, first of
all, firstly, second, third, secondly, thirdly, next, after
that, moving on, subsequently, after this, as well as that,
finally, lastly, in conclusion, to sum up, to summarize

Comparison in comparison, compared with, similarly, compared to,

in the same way, equally, likewise

Concession although it is true that, even though, granted that, it may

be the case that

Contrast However, even though, in spite of, on the other hand,

whereas, although, instead of, despite, on one hand, on
the other hand, in contrast

Consequences Consequently, thus, as a result, hence, therefore, because

and results of this, so, then

Addition furthermore, also, and, besides, moreover, also, as well

as, additionally, another example of this is, another
reason for this

Example for example, such as, for instance, namely, specifically,

an example of this is, in other words, a clear example of
this

Highlighting in particular, specifically, particularly, especially,

obviously

65
[Link]

Model Answer A

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the changes to the town of Seaville.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Illustrated in the maps is the redevelopment of the town of Seaville from 1995 until the present
day. Overall, the town has changed considerably, especially with the development of the leisure
facilities in the north east.

The most noticeable change to Seaville since 1995 is the construction of a golf course and tennis
courts that have replaced the forest park and the agricultural area. Another striking difference is
the reconstruction of the seafront in the south that includes the complete demolition of the fishing
port. Additionally, the fish market in the southwest has been replaced with apartments. The cafe,
however, located in the southeast, has remained unchanged.

All the retail facilities, specifically the shops, in the southwest have been converted into
restaurants but the hotel has remained and added a car park to the east of the building. Meanwhile,
the residential facilities in the northwest have expanded, with a few additional housing units being
added to the existing ones.

159 words

Model Answer B

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the proposed changes to an office building.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Illustrated in the maps are the existing structure and planned renovation of an office complex. Overall,
extensive changes are proposed, particularly regarding the redevelopment of the grass areas on either
side of the building.

The grass area, currently located on the right of the building, will be changed to a meeting area and the
WCs adjacent to it are proposed to be moved from its present location to the back right of the new
complex. On the opposite side, the grass will be converted into a seating area. Additionally, another
significant change is the relocation of the entrance from the right side to the center of the building.

In the central interior, the four small offices at the front will be remodeled into two larger ones located on
either side of the entrance. Furthermore, the canteen and kitchen at the rear are planned to be renovated
into additional offices, and a coffee machine will be installed next to the WCs, while the only room to
remain unchanged will be the storeroom.

171 words

67
[Link]

Model Answer C

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The two maps below show road access to a city hospital in 2007 and in 2010.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

The redevelopment of the road system at a hospital in the city, over a three-year period, is illustrated in
the diagrams. Overall, the transport infrastructure was significantly reconstructed, especially with the
expansion of parking facilities.

In 2007, there was a singular car park, east of Hospital Road, which served hospital employees and the
public. By 2010, however, this was restricted to staff only, while additional parking for the public was
opened to the east of the main hospital building. Access for vehicles to and from the hospital was
considerably transformed, with the construction of two roundabouts north and south of Hospital Road.

Another major transformation was the improvement in public transport facilities at the hospital
complex. Specifically, the six bus stops that were located on both sides of Hospital Road were removed
and a large bus station was built to the southeast of the hospital that was connected to the two new
roundabouts.

153 words

Model Answer D

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The local council of Foxfield town plan to build a new shopping mall and two possible sites. S1
and S2 are being considered.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Illustrated in the map are the sites under consideration by the local council as the location for a new
shopping mall in Foxfield. Overall, there are two proposed locations, with S1 in the north and S2 in the
south east of the town.

The S1 site, just north of the city center, is very close to the main housing estate, which means that it
would be easy to access for the residents. Additionally, it is located between the main road and railway
line, which would provide access for non-residents of the town. Furthermore, it is west of the river,
which would mean a picturesque location.

In comparison, the alternative site, S2 south west of the city center, is located closer to the main road
and railway line, thus offering access to those using these forms of transport. It is, however, next to the
large industrial area which could raise issues of air pollution and is considerably further from the town’s
residential area than S1.

164 words

69
[Link]

Model Answer E

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Source: IELTS past paper

The rates for three different types of crime, from 2003 to 2012, are depicted in the line graph.
Overall, there was a decrease in two categories, burglary and car theft, while the rate for
robbery remained unchanged.

After an initial increase from roughly 3400 to 3800, from 2003 to 2004, there was a significant
decline in the burglary rate from 2004 until 2008 from nearly 3700 incidents to 1100. After this
dramatic drop, the rate fluctuated from 2008 to 2012, and finished at approximately 1400
incidents in 2012.

In comparison, the robbery rate witnessed a steady fall in numbers from around 900 to 500
incidents over a three-year period, beginning in 2005 and ending in 2008. Additionally, there
was a sharp decrease in the car theft rate in one year from 2005 to 2006, dropping by
approximately 1700 incidents, from 2700 to 2000. Subsequently, the number of thefts varied
until 2012, with the last recorded number being roughly 2600.

159 words

70
[Link]

Model Answer F

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the percentage of children with different educational problems in two
primary schools.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where necessary.
Write at least 150 words.
Percentage of children with different educational problems

2012 2012 Today Today

Problem area School A School B School A School B

Spelling 22 8 24 10

Handwriting 29 9 29 9

Reading ability 30 5 15 10

Listening skills 35 11 20 12

Concentration level 40 15 20 15

Following instructions 42 6 21 12

The percentage of school pupils with various learning issues, at two different schools from 2012 until
today, is illustrated in the table. Overall, there has been a decrease in the percentage in four of the
categories at school A, whereas school B has witnessed an increase in four of the learning issues.
At school A, the greatest issue amongst school pupils in 2012 was the ability to follow instructions at a
rate of 42%; however, by today, this has halved to 21%. In comparison, in the same category,
school B’s rate has doubled from 6% to 12%.
Regarding handwriting, schools A and B have witnessed no change in the percentage rate from 2012
until the present day, with 29% and 9%, respectively. School B’s major problem for students in 2012
was concentration levels at 15%, and this has remained unchanged until today. However, school A has
seen this educational issue drop by 50%, from 40% to 20%.
157 words

71
[Link]

Model Answer G

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since
1980 with projections until 2030.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Illustrated in the line graph is how the US has consumed fuel from 1980 until the present day, including
estimations on future trends. Overall, there has been an increase in five categories until today, which is
expected to continue with the exception of hydropower.

Petrol and oil use fluctuated between 1980 and 1996, but then rose considerably up to today’s total of
about 40 quadrillion units; furthermore, it is predicted to have increased to approximately 50 quadrillion
units by 2030. Natural gas similarly fluctuated from 20 to about 23 units from 1980 until 2013; however,
since then, it has plateaued and is forecast to remain constant at 23 units until 2030.

Coal use has risen steadily and is expected to continue growing up to 30 quadrillion units in 2030. In
contrast, a slight increase was witnessed in the growth of nuclear energy and solar/wind, and they are
estimated to reach roughly 6 and 4 quadrillion units, respectively, in 2030. Even though the rate of
hydropower varied from 1980 to approximately 2013, ranging from 4 to 3 units, the rate has remained
constant until today and is projected to remain unchanged until 2030.

192 words

Model Answer H

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the final medal table from the London Olympic Games in 2012.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Illustrated in the table is the ten most successful countries that competed at the London Olympics of
2012 in terms of medals won. Overall, the countries were ranked according to the number of gold medals
they attained rather than the sum of all medals, with the USA positioned at number one in both
categories.

With a total of 104 medals obtained, of which 46 were gold medals, the United States topped the said
sports competition. China was placed second with 38 gold medals, which was eight less than the USA,
achieving 88 medals in total. Additionally, Great Britain and Russia took the third and fourth places with
29 and 24 gold medals, respectively.

Russia, however, surpassed Great Britain by 17 in the total number of medals won, as well as gaining the
greatest number of bronze medals with 32. Ranked tenth was Australia with the fewest number of gold
medals, at seven. Although Hungary gained ninth position with eight gold medals, their 17 medals in
total were less than half of Australia’s 35.

173 words

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Target 7.0 Copyright © 2024 Total-IELTS. All rights reserved. No part of this eBook or any
of its contents may be reproduced, copied, adapted, or modified, without the prior written consent of the author.
73
[Link]

Model Answer I

74
[Link]

Model Answer J

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the stages in the life cycle of a frog.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

The illustration depicts the cycle of life of a frog. Overall, there are six stages in its life, beginning with
mating and it is an ongoing process.

Once adult frogs have mated, the female lays her eggs or frogspawn, which are attached to vegetation,
just under the surface of the water. After a period of time, the infant frog or tadpole that has a tiny body
with a long tail, emerges from the egg. The tadpole subsequently evolves over time and grows hind legs
and develops a bigger body.

The next stage of its cycle is the evolution of the young frog which has four legs and a much larger body
that resembles the adult frog. However, it retains its tail, which, by this time, is a lot smaller than the
previous versions. The final stage of its transformation is when the young frog evolves into a mature one
that no longer has a tail and has fully developed legs and a body. This mature frog then finds a mate and
the cycle begins again.

175 words

75
[Link]

Model Answer K

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

Illustrated in the flowchart is the procedure which students, who have graduated from high school,
follow when applying for a college course. Overall, there are several steps, commencing with high
school graduation and ending with either rejection of the application or successfully entering university.

Once the application form has been downloaded and completed by high school graduates, it is forwarded
to the university admin department where there are several possible outcomes. If it is rejected, it will
either be cancelled, or the applicant can apply for a different course and resubmit their alternate applica-
tion to the same department.

Alternatively, when the form is provisionally accepted, after a 2-week consideration period, the
applicant will be required to gather and provide additional documents to support their application and
then submit these to the college. Once candidates are accepted, at the end of a fourteen-day appraisal,
they can complete their registration with the dean, after they have chosen their preferred subjects and
then they finally join the college.

165 words

Model Answer L

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The picture below shows an automatic photo booth.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Source: IELTS past paper

The main features of a coin-operated photo booth are depicted in the illustration. Overall, this booth
requires operation outside and inside, and it allows users to take two different types of photos.

On the outside of the device, the user should, to begin with, insert coins into the slot. The amount they
pay depends on which type of service they want, either a single large size picture or four passport-sized
ones. The customer can then select if they want black and white or color prints, although passport photos
must be in color.

The user has to close the curtain when the photographs are being taken. There is a mirror inside the booth
in which people can check their appearance and there is an adjustable stool that should be lowered or
raised so that the user’s eyes are level with the screen. A light above the screen comes on to signal the
photo will be taken and the flash goes off after three seconds. Finally, the photos can be collected from
the large slot on the outside of the booth within a minute.

182 words

Model Answer M

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graphs below provide information about the sales of three different types of music in England.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Depicted in the diagrams are the sales of three kinds of music per decade and annually. Overall, pop
music was consistently the best seller, according to the bar chart, while the line graph shows that sales of
pop and rock increased ,whereas classical decreased.

The sales of all music types, illustrated in the bar chart, fluctuated over the years but pop was
consistently the most popular and peaked at £5 billion in 2001, while rock reached its highest level in
2001, at £4 billion. Classical, in contrast, was always the least popular, with the lowest amount sold in
2001, at just £1 billion.

As for the line graph, the sales for pop more than doubled from approximately £2.2 in 1960 to £5 billion
in 1990, whereas classical sales slumped by 50%, from £4 to £2 billion over the same period of time.
There was a steep rise in the sales of rock from £2 to around £4.5 billion from 1960 to 1980, but its sales
sharply declined over the next decade to approximately £3.5 billion.

175 words

78
Academic Writing Task 1
Target 7.0
IELTS Academic Writing 7.0 Task 1 is a step-by-step guide to writing a band 7.0 report. It takes
you through the task requirements for each type of diagram, gives practice of the essential
vocabulary and grammar and provides band 8.0 model answers.

Who is the book for?

This book is suitable for IELTS students and candidates who have just started on their IELTS
study program, along with more experienced students who need to achieve a band 7.0 .

Unit contents
• Test tips: Explanation of the requirements for each task type.
• Essential vocabulary and grammar for all types of diagrams.
• Language practice exercises to reinforce grammar and vocabulary.
• Task Focus: How to write an effective introduction, overview and describe the main features.
• Band 8.0 model answers for each type of diagram.
• Test practice questions from IELTS past papers.

How to use the book?

The book can be used as a self-study guide and is also suitable for IELTS teachers to use in
their lessons, either as a complete course book or a supplementary material. You can work
through each unit or focus on units on diagram types that you might be having difficulty with.

Achieve your goal

IELTS Academic Writing Guide for 7.0
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Guide for 7.0
134 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide Ebook
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide Ebook
169 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 @ieltsielts
67% (3)
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 @ieltsielts
109 pages
Writing Task 1
No ratings yet
Writing Task 1
73 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
100% (1)
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
179 pages
Ielts Writing Task 1
94% (101)
Ielts Writing Task 1
123 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1
96 pages
Mitchell Rachel Ielts Academic Writing Task 1 Band 8 2018
100% (1)
Mitchell Rachel Ielts Academic Writing Task 1 Band 8 2018
110 pages
IELTS Writing Test Overview and Tips
100% (1)
IELTS Writing Test Overview and Tips
231 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Preparation Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Preparation Guide
49 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide by Rachel Mitchell
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide by Rachel Mitchell
110 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
179 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
21 pages
Sports Participation Trends 1999-2009
No ratings yet
Sports Participation Trends 1999-2009
74 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1
109 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
7 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide
3 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Grading Criteria
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Grading Criteria
2 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 & 2 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 & 2 Guide
38 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Strategies Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Strategies Guide
22 pages
IELTS Academic Task 1 Writing Tips
100% (1)
IELTS Academic Task 1 Writing Tips
4 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
24 pages
Lesson 2
No ratings yet
Lesson 2
7 pages
RUOT CHOT - IELTS Writting Step by Step - 14.6.2018 - 14.6.18!1!20
No ratings yet
RUOT CHOT - IELTS Writting Step by Step - 14.6.2018 - 14.6.18!1!20
20 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
61 pages
IELTS Writing Module Overview
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Module Overview
6 pages
Band 9 IELTS Task 1 Writing Guide
No ratings yet
Band 9 IELTS Task 1 Writing Guide
61 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
7 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Overview
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Overview
1 page
IELTS Academic Writing Overview Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Overview Guide
2 pages
IELTS Writing: Step by Step
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing: Step by Step
195 pages
Free Ielts Lesson - The Academic Writing Test - Task 1: Graph
No ratings yet
Free Ielts Lesson - The Academic Writing Test - Task 1: Graph
10 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide
76 pages
IELTS Writing Test Overview and Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Test Overview and Guide
5 pages
WT1 01 Intro and Paragraphing
No ratings yet
WT1 01 Intro and Paragraphing
12 pages
Shortcut - To - Ielts - Writing - Johnny - CHUONG - Sachphotos
No ratings yet
Shortcut - To - Ielts - Writing - Johnny - CHUONG - Sachphotos
106 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
7 pages
(IELTS Fighter) - IELTS Writing Task 1 Compact - From A To Z
50% (2)
(IELTS Fighter) - IELTS Writing Task 1 Compact - From A To Z
114 pages
IELTS Writing Preparation Guide 2024
100% (11)
IELTS Writing Preparation Guide 2024
195 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide
155 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Test Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Test Guide
60 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Overview
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Overview
65 pages
Shortcut To Ielts Writing - Johnny CHUONG
75% (4)
Shortcut To Ielts Writing - Johnny CHUONG
96 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 & 2 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 & 2 Guide
1 page
IELTS Writing Test Overview and Tips
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Test Overview and Tips
12 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
14 pages
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide by Imran
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Task 1 Guide by Imran
44 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task Overview
100% (1)
IELTS Academic Writing Task Overview
12 pages
IELTS Writing Word Count Guidelines
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Word Count Guidelines
4 pages
Cambradge Resource Academic Writing
No ratings yet
Cambradge Resource Academic Writing
101 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Guide
4 pages
Basic IELTS Writing Skills Guide
No ratings yet
Basic IELTS Writing Skills Guide
22 pages
IELTS Exam Overview and Strategies
100% (1)
IELTS Exam Overview and Strategies
83 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Duration Overview
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Duration Overview
7 pages
IELTS Academic Writing Test Overview
No ratings yet
IELTS Academic Writing Test Overview
4 pages
IELTS Writing Test Tips and Structure
No ratings yet
IELTS Writing Test Tips and Structure
2 pages
50 Task 2 Essays by Sunnat Sodiqov
No ratings yet
50 Task 2 Essays by Sunnat Sodiqov
48 pages
50 Essays by Sunnat Sodiqov
No ratings yet
50 Essays by Sunnat Sodiqov
67 pages
Comparative Graphs 2
No ratings yet
Comparative Graphs 2
24 pages
Indian Classical Music Overview
No ratings yet
Indian Classical Music Overview
2 pages
Reviving 19th-Century Skyscraper Design
No ratings yet
Reviving 19th-Century Skyscraper Design
3 pages
Master Sentence Structure Drills
No ratings yet
Master Sentence Structure Drills
14 pages
After School Activities and Frequency
No ratings yet
After School Activities and Frequency
11 pages
Word Formation and Suffix Usage
No ratings yet
Word Formation and Suffix Usage
39 pages
Adverb Placement and Sentence Exercises
No ratings yet
Adverb Placement and Sentence Exercises
6 pages
English 2B Mid Term Exam Review
No ratings yet
English 2B Mid Term Exam Review
4 pages
English III Syllabus 2024-2025
No ratings yet
English III Syllabus 2024-2025
2 pages
Spelling Words Weeks 1 4 Matatag Curriculum
No ratings yet
Spelling Words Weeks 1 4 Matatag Curriculum
3 pages
Hiker Defends Against Coyote Attack
No ratings yet
Hiker Defends Against Coyote Attack
4 pages
English Syntax and Universal Grammar An Introduction To Syntactic Analysis
100% (1)
English Syntax and Universal Grammar An Introduction To Syntactic Analysis
317 pages
Understanding Compound Adjectives
No ratings yet
Understanding Compound Adjectives
5 pages
Understanding Personal Pronouns
No ratings yet
Understanding Personal Pronouns
6 pages
Analyzing English Word Parts
0% (1)
Analyzing English Word Parts
15 pages
Magahi Language: Greenberg's Universals
No ratings yet
Magahi Language: Greenberg's Universals
4 pages
Target Score For Dfsdfsdfsnew Toeic Test2 STDNT BK Test BKLT With Audio Cds Answer Key Frontmatter
No ratings yet
Target Score For Dfsdfsdfsnew Toeic Test2 STDNT BK Test BKLT With Audio Cds Answer Key Frontmatter
8 pages
Morphosyntax and Semantics Task Guide
No ratings yet
Morphosyntax and Semantics Task Guide
13 pages
Grade 7 English Modal Verbs Worksheet
No ratings yet
Grade 7 English Modal Verbs Worksheet
5 pages
Conditionals Exercises for Grade 10
No ratings yet
Conditionals Exercises for Grade 10
2 pages
Understanding Transitional Words
No ratings yet
Understanding Transitional Words
3 pages
Preschool Development Milestones Guide
No ratings yet
Preschool Development Milestones Guide
2 pages
Answer Key for DJOA24 Examination
No ratings yet
Answer Key for DJOA24 Examination
33 pages
Peer Editing Form for Writing Portfolio
No ratings yet
Peer Editing Form for Writing Portfolio
3 pages
Understanding Affixes and Morphemes
No ratings yet
Understanding Affixes and Morphemes
8 pages
Weekly Language Review Q1:3 Worksheet
No ratings yet
Weekly Language Review Q1:3 Worksheet
3 pages
Nominative Case and Definite Articles
No ratings yet
Nominative Case and Definite Articles
3 pages
Chalk N' Talk 02 - The Passive Voice
No ratings yet
Chalk N' Talk 02 - The Passive Voice
4 pages
English Greetings and Verb 'To Be' Guide
No ratings yet
English Greetings and Verb 'To Be' Guide
2 pages
Daily Activities of a Pupil
No ratings yet
Daily Activities of a Pupil
2 pages
IJIR Research Paper Formatting Guide
No ratings yet
IJIR Research Paper Formatting Guide
2 pages
Understanding "Ought To" in English
No ratings yet
Understanding "Ought To" in English
20 pages
SATs-Style Grammar Practice Questions
No ratings yet
SATs-Style Grammar Practice Questions
4 pages