.
Arithmetic Operators
Used to perform common mathematical calculations.
Operator Description Result 6 Examples
Range/Type
Addition (+) Adds two values Sum of operands 5 + 2 , x + y , -1 + 10 , 3.5 +
together. 2 , 0 + 0 , 100 + 1
Subtraction (-) Subtracts one value Difference of 10 - 5 , 0 - 8 , x - y , 5.5 -
from another. operands 2.1 , -5 - -5 , 100 - 1
Multiplication Multiplies two values. Product of 3 * 3 , -2 * 4 , 0 * 10 , x *
(*) operands y , 0.5 * 2 , 10 * 10
Division (/) Divides one value by Quotient 10 / 2 , 1 / 2 , 22 / 7 , x /
another. (Float/Int) y , 100 / 10 , -10 / 2
Modulus (%) Returns the division 0 to (Divisor - 1) 10 % 3 , 5 % 2 , 9 % 3 , x %
remainder. 2 , 100 % 10 , 1 % 2
Exponent ( ** or Raises a number to a 2 ** 3 , 10 ** 2 , 5 ** 0 , x
^) power. ** y , 4 ** 0.5 , 3 ** 2
2. Comparison (Relational) Operators
Used to compare two values. They always return a Boolean (True/False).
Operator Description Result Range 6 Examples
Equal (==) True if values are True / False 5 == 5 , x == 10 , "A" ==
equal. "A" , True == True , 0 == 0 , y ==
z
Not Equal (!=) True if values are True / False 5 != 3 , x != y , "A" != "B" , true
not equal. != false , 0 != 1 , 10 != 5
Greater Than True if left is greater True / False 10 > 5 , x > 0 , -1 > -5 , 100 >
(>) than right. 1 , 0.5 > 0.1 , y > z
Less Than (<) True if left is less True / False 3 < 10 , x < y , -5 < 0 , 1 <
than right. 100 , 0.1 < 0.5 , z < 10
Greater or True if left is greater True / False 5 >= 5 , 10 >= 2 , x >= y , 0 >= -
Equal (>=) or equal. 1 , 100 >= 100 , 1 >= 0
Less or Equal True if left is less or True / False 5 <= 5 , 2 <= 10 , x <= 0 , -1 <=
(<=) equal. 0 , 0 <= 0 , y <= z
3. Logical Operators
Used to combine conditional statements.
Operator Description Result Range 6 Examples
AND True if both True / False T and T , (5>3) and (1<2) , x and y , T and
(&& / statements F , F and F , 1 and 1
and) are true.
OR (|| / True if at True / False T or F , F or F , (x==1) or (y==2) , T or T , 0
or) least one is or 1 , F or T
true.
NOT (! / Reverses True / False not True , !False , !(x==y) , not(5>2) , !
not) the logical True , not False
state.
4. Assignment Operators
Used to assign values to variables.
Operator Description Usage 6 Examples
Simple (=) Assigns right side to x = y x = 5 , name = "AI" , y = x , z = 0 , a =
left side. 10 , b = True
Add & Assign Adds then assigns. x = x x += 1 , count += 5 , price += tax , i
(+=) + y += 1 , total += sub , a += b
Sub & Assign Subtracts then x = x x -= 1 , stock -= 10 , health -= 5 , i -
(-=) assigns. - y = 1 , bal -= 20 , a -= b
Mult & Assign Multiplies then x = x x *= 2 , total *= 1.1 , i *= 10 , y *=
(*=) assigns. * y 0.5 , a *= a , val *= 3
Div & Assign Divides then x = x /= 2 , half /= 2 , total /=
(/=) assigns. x / y items , i /= 10 , a /= b , z /= 5
Mod & Assign Takes modulus then x = x x %= 2 , val %= 10 , i %= 3 , a %=
(%=) assigns. % y b , num %= 5 , y %= 4
5. Bitwise Operators
Used to perform operations on binary bits (
and
).
Operator Description Level 6 Examples
AND (&) Sets bit to 1 if both bits Bit-by- 5 & 1 , x & y , 0 & 0 , 1 & 1 , 255 &
are 1. bit 0 , 10 & 7
OR (|) Sets bit to 1 if one of two Bit-by- 5 | 1 , x | y , 0 | 1 , 1 | 1 , 255 | 0 , 8
bits is 1. bit | 2
XOR (^) Sets bit to 1 if only one Bit-by- 5 ^ 1 , x ^ y , 1 ^ 1 , 0 ^ 0 , 10 ^ 3 , 12
bit is 1. bit ^ 4
NOT (~) Inverts all the bits. Bit-by- ~5 , ~0 , ~x , ~1 , ~255 , ~-1
bit
Left Shift Shifts bits to the left. Bit-by- 5 << 1 , x << 2 , 1 << 8 , 10 << 1 , 2 <<
(<<) bit 3 , 4 << 2
Right Shift Shifts bits to the right. Bit-by- 5 >> 1 , x >> 2 , 10 >> 1 , 256 >> 8 , 8
(>>) bit >> 2 , 1 >> 1