Name:Md.

toufik omor

University: Daffodil International University

ID: 253-35-753

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 Mathematics Assignment
Differentiation, Integration, Sketch

March 31, 2026

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 article [utf8]inputenc amsmath, amssymb, amsfonts geometry a4paper, margin=0.75in
Calculus Problem Set: Range, Integration, and Differentiation

Range of Functions
x2 +1
1. Find the range of f (x) = x2 −x+1
.
2x(x2 −x+1)−(2x−1)(x2 +1) −x2 +1
• f ′ (x) = (x2 −x+1)2
= (x2 −x+1)2
.
• f ′ (x) = 0 =⇒ x = ±1. f (1) = 2, f (−1) = 2/3. limx→∞ f (x) = 1.
• Range: [2/3, 2]

2. Find the range of f (x) = x2 e−x .

• f ′ (x) = 2xe−x − x2 e−x = xe−x (2 − x).

• f ′ (x) = 0 =⇒ x = 0, 2. f (0) = 0, f (2) = 4/e2 , limx→∞ f (x) = 0.
• Range: [0, 4/e2 ]

3. Find the range of f (x) = sin x + cos x.

• f ′ (x) = cos x − sin x = 0 =⇒ tan x = 1 =⇒ x = π/4, 5π/4.

√ √
• f (π/4) = 2, f (5π/4) = − 2.
√ √
• Range: [− 2, 2]
x
4. Find the range of f (x) = 1+|x|
.

• For x ≥ 0, f ′ (x) = 1
(1+x)2
> 0. limx→∞ f (x) = 1, f (0) = 0.
• For x < 0, f ′ (x) = 1
(1−x)2
> 0. limx→−∞ f (x) = −1.
• Range: (−1, 1)
√
5. Find the range of f (x) = 3 − x2 .
√ √
• Domain: [− 3, 3]. f ′ (x) = √3−x
−x
2.
√ √
• Critical point x = 0. f (0) = 3, f (± 3) = 0.
√
• Range: [0, 3]

6. Find the range of f (x) = ln(x2 + 2x + 3).

• Let g(x) = x2 + 2x + 3 = (x + 1)2 + 2. Min value is 2.

• f ′ (x) = 2x+2
x2 +2x+3
= 0 =⇒ x = −1. f (−1) = ln 2.
• Range: [ln 2, ∞)
ln x
7. Find the range of f (x) = x2
.

• f ′ (x) = x−2x ln x
x4
= 1−2 ln x
x3
.
√ √
• f ′ (x) = 0 =⇒ ln x = 1/2 =⇒ x = e. f ( e) = 1
2e
.
• Range: (−∞, 2e
1
]

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 8. Find the range of f (x) = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 1 on [0, 3].

• f ′ (x) = 6x2 − 18x + 12 = 6(x − 1)(x − 2).

• f (0) = 1, f (1) = 6, f (2) = 5, f (3) = 10.
• Range: [1, 10]

9. Find the range of f (x) = arctan(x2 ).

• f ′ (x) = 2x
1+x4
. f (0) = 0. As x → ±∞, f (x) → π/2.
• Range: [0, π/2)
ex
10. Find the range of f (x) = 1+ex
.
ex (1+ex )−e2x ex
• f ′ (x) = (1+ex )2
= (1+ex )2
> 0.
• limx→−∞ f (x) = 0, limx→∞ f (x) = 1.
• Range: (0, 1)

11. Find the range of f (x) = x + cos x.

• f ′ (x) = 1 − sin x ≥ 0. Function is strictly increasing.

• limx→±∞ f (x) = ±∞.
• Range: (−∞, ∞)

12. Find the range of f (x) = √ 1 .

x2 +1

• f ′ (x) = − (x2 +1)

x
3/2 . f (0) = 1. As x → ±∞, f (x) → 0.

• Range: (0, 1]

13. Find the range of f (x) = sin2 x − 4 sin x + 5.

• Let t = sin x ∈ [−1, 1]. g(t) = t2 − 4t + 5. g ′ (t) = 2t − 4.

• No critical point in [−1, 1]. g(1) = 2, g(−1) = 10.
• Range: [2, 10]

14. Find the range of f (x) = x4 − 2x2 + 3.

• f ′ (x) = 4x3 − 4x = 4x(x2 − 1) =⇒ x = 0, ±1.

• f (0) = 3, f (1) = 2, f (−1) = 2, limx→∞ f (x) = ∞.
• Range: [2, ∞)
x2 −x
15. Find the range of f (x) = x2 +x
.

• f (x) = x−1
x+1
. f ′ (x) = (x+1)−(x−1)
(x+1)2
= 2
(x+1)2
> 0.
• limx→±∞ f (x) = 1. As x → −1, f (x) → ±∞.
• Range: (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞)

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Integration
R
16. Evaluate x2 ln x dx.
x3
• Parts: u = ln x, dv = x2 dx =⇒ du = x1 dx, v = 3
.
3 R 2 3 3
• x3 ln x − x3 dx = x3 ln x − x9 + C.
R 1
17. Evaluate x2 −a 2 dx.

• Partial fractions: (x−a)(x+a)

1
= 2a1 1
( x−a 1
− x+a ).
• = 2a 1 1
ln | x−a
R
(ln |x − a| − ln |x + a|) + C = 2a x+a
| + C.
R
18. Evaluate ex sin x dx.

• Double integration by parts: I = ex sin x − ex cos x dx.

R

• I = ex sin x − (ex cos x + ex sin x dx) = ex (sin x − cos x) − I.

R

ex
• I= 2
(sin x − cos x) + C.
R π/2
19. Evaluate 0 sin3 x dx.

• sin x(1 − cos2 x)dx. Let u = cos x, du = − sin xdx.

R
R0 R1
• 1 −(1 − u2 )du = 0 (1 − u2 )du = [u − u3 /3]10 = 2/3.

20. Evaluate x√dx

R
x2 −1
.

• Let x = sec θ, dx = sec θ tan θdθ.

• sec dθ = θ + C = sec−1 x + C.
R sec θ tan θ R
θ tan θ
dθ =
R 2x
21. Evaluate ee2x −1 +1
dx.
R x −x
• Multiply by e−x /e−x : eex −e +e−x
dx.
• Let u = ex + e−x =⇒ du = (ex − e−x )dx.
• du = ln |ex + e−x | + C.
R
u
R
22. Evaluate tan2 x dx.

• Use tan2 x = sec2 x − 1.

• (sec2 x − 1)dx = tan x − x + C.
R

x
R
23. Evaluate (x2 +1)2 dx.

• Let u = x2 + 1, du = 2xdx.
• 2u1 2 du = − 2u
1
+ C = − 2(x21+1) + C.
R

R1
24. Evaluate √ 1 dx.
0 1−x2

• Standard form: [arcsin x]10 .

• arcsin(1) − arcsin(0) = π/2.

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 1
R
25. Evaluate x ln x
dx.

• Let u = ln x, du = x1 dx.
• u1 du = ln |u| + C = ln | ln x| + C.
R

Differentiation
dy
√
26. Find dx
for y = arcsin(2x 1 − x2 ).

• Let x = sin θ =⇒ y = arcsin(2 sin θ cos θ) = arcsin(sin 2θ) = 2θ.

• y = 2 arcsin x =⇒ dy
dx
= √ 2
1−x2
.
dy
27. Find dx
for y = xx .

• ln y = x ln x.
• 1 dy
y dx
= 1 · ln x + x · 1
x
= ln x + 1.
• dy
dx
= xx (1 + ln x).
dy
28. Find dx
for xy = ex−y .

• y ln x = x − y. Solve for y: y(1 + ln x) = x =⇒ y = x

1+ln x
.
• y′ = (1+ln x)−x(1/x)
(1+ln x)2
= ln x
(1+ln x)2
.
d2 y
29. Find dx2
for y = tan x.

• dy
dx
= sec2 x.
d2 y
• dx2
= 2 sec x · (sec x tan x) = 2 sec2 x tan x.
dy
30. Find dx
for y = ln(sec x + tan x).

• dy
dx
= 1
sec x+tan x
· (sec x tan x + sec2 x).
• = sec x(tan x+sec x)
sec x+tan x
= sec x.