TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

LAB REPORT ON

Network Programming (CACS355)

Submitted to:

Department of Computer Application

Mechi Multiple Campus

Bhadrapur, Jhapa

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelors in

Computer Application

Submitted By:

Gagan Jung Gurung (Roll No:16)

BCA 6th Semester

Under the Supervision of

Karna Tamang
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Link] a program that print the address of [Link] ..................................... 1

[Link] a program that finds the address of the local machine. ....................................... 1

[Link] a program that find the canonical hostname of a given address. ...................... 2

[Link] a program to find the IP address and host name of the local machine. .............. 2

[Link] a program to get IPV4 and IPV6 address of a given web address. ..................... 3

[Link] a program for Determining whether an IP address is IPV4 and IPV6. ............... 3

[Link] a program that splits the parts of a URL (Splitting URL into pieces information.
.......................................................................................................................................... 4

8. Write a program that checks the which protocols does a virtual machine support or
Not? .................................................................................................................................. 5

[Link] a program to download a web page of a given address. ..................................... 6

10. Write a program for resolving Relative URL ............................................................ 7

11. Write a program to download an object ..................................................................... 8

12. Write a program that communicate with Server- side program through GET. ......... 9

13. Write a program that shows a simple CookiePolicy that blocks cookies from .gov
domains. ......................................................................................................................... 11

14. Write a program to download a web page using URLConnection. ......................... 13

15. Write a program to read value of HTTP header Fields. ........................................... 14

16. Write a program to print the entire HTTP header. ................................................... 15

17. Write a program for HTTP Request Methods.......................................................... 17

18. Write a program to print the URL of a URLConnection to "[Link]" .. 18

19. Write a program to get the time when a URL was last changed.............................. 19

20. Write a program reading from servers with socket .................................................. 20

21. Write a program writing from servers with socket. ................................................. 21

22. Write a program socket to read Time Client. ........................................................... 22

23. Write a program socket to Low Port Scanner. ....................................................... 23

24. Write a program socket to SocketInfo. .................................................................... 24

25. Write a program socket for a server. ........................................................................ 25

26. Write a program for Secure Socket with – [Link] ...................................... 27

27. Write a program to input two numbers and calculate addition of two numbers by
using client and server RMI ........................................................................................... 28

[Link] a program for reading input from a Socket: .................................................. 29

The following fragment connect to the daytime server on port13 of the [Link]
and display the data it’s sent timeClient ........................................................................ 29

[Link] a program in java for getting a socket’s information. ................................... 31

30. Write a program for Reading Data with a ServerSocket: ........................................ 32

[Link] a program in java to display Date and time .................................................... 33

[Link] a program for ServerSocket ............................................................................ 34

[Link] a program that print the address of [Link]
import [Link];
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress address = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link]("Host Name: " + [Link]());
[Link]("IP Address: " + [Link]());
} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + e);
}
}
}
[Link] a program that finds the address of the local machine.
import [Link];

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Get the local host address information
InetAddress localHost = [Link]();

// Print the computer's name and its IP address

[Link]("Host Name: " + [Link]());
[Link]("IP Address: " + [Link]());

} catch (Exception e) {
// Handle cases where the local host cannot be resolved
[Link]("Error: " + e);
}
}
}

1
[Link] a program that find the canonical hostname of a given address.
import [Link];

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Looking up a specific web address
InetAddress address = [Link]("[Link]");

// Displaying the IP and the official name

[Link]("Host Address: " + [Link]());
[Link]("Canonical Host Name: " + [Link]());

} catch (Exception e) {
// Catches UnknownHostException if the URL is wrong or internet is down
[Link]("Error: " + e);
}
}
}
[Link] a program to find the IP address and host name of the local machine.
import [Link];
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Get the local host details
InetAddress localHost = [Link]();
// Print the computer's name and its network IP
[Link]("Host Name: " + [Link]());
[Link]("IP Address: " + [Link]());
} catch (Exception e) {
// Handle cases where the network card is disabled or hostname is invalid
[Link]("Error: " + e);
}

2
 }
}
[Link] a program to get IPV4 and IPV6 address of a given web address.
import [Link];

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Define the host we want to look up
String host = "[Link]";

// getAllByName returns an array because one domain

// can be linked to multiple IP addresses
InetAddress[] addresses = [Link](host);

[Link]("Host Name: " + host);

// Loop through the array to print every associated IP

for (InetAddress addr : addresses) {
[Link]("IP Address: " + [Link]());
}

} catch (Exception e) {
// Catches UnknownHostException if the site is down or name is invalid
[Link]("Error: " + e);
}
}
}
[Link] a program for Determining whether an IP address is IPV4 and IPV6.
import [Link];
import [Link];
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

3
 Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter an IP address: ");
String ip = [Link]();
try {
// Convert string input into an InetAddress object
InetAddress address = [Link](ip);
// Check for ":" to identify IPv6 or "." for IPv4
if ([Link]().contains(":")) {
[Link](ip + " is an IPv6 address.");
} else if ([Link]().contains(".")) {
[Link](ip + " is an IPv4 address.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// This triggers if the input isn't a valid IP or host
[Link]("Invalid IP address.");
} finally {
[Link]();
}
}
}
[Link] a program that splits the parts of a URL (Splitting URL into pieces
information.
import [Link];

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Define a complex URL with various components
URL url = new URL
("[Link]

// Extract and print each part of the URL

[Link]("Full URL : " + [Link]());

4
 [Link]("Protocol : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Host Name : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Port Number : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Path : " + [Link]());
[Link]("File : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Query : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Reference : " + [Link]());

} catch (Exception e) {
// Triggers if the URL string is malformed
[Link]("Invalid URL");
}
}
}
8. Write a program that checks the which protocols does a virtual machine support
or Not?
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class ProtocolChecker {

// Attempts to open a TCP Server Socket

public static void checkTCP(int port) {
try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port)) {
[Link]("TCP protocol: Supported ✅");
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("TCP protocol: NOT supported or Port in use ❌");
}
}

// Attempts to open a UDP Datagram Socket

public static void checkUDP(int port) {
try (DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(port)) {
[Link]("UDP protocol: Supported ✅");
} catch (SocketException e) {
[Link]("UDP protocol: NOT supported or Port in use ❌");
}

5
 }

public static void main(String[] args) {

int testPort = 9999; // A standard high-numbered port often used for testing

[Link]("Checking protocol support on this machine...\n");

checkTCP(testPort);
checkUDP(testPort);
}
}
[Link] a program to download a web page of a given address.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class WebPageDownloader {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Target website URL
String webAddress = "[Link]
try {
// 1. Create the URL and open the connection
URL url = new URL(webAddress);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) [Link]();

// 2. Set the HTTP method (GET is default, but good to be explicit)

[Link]("GET");

// 3. Check if the server responded successfully (HTTP 200)

int responseCode = [Link]();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {

// 4. Create a stream reader to capture the response

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(

6
 new InputStreamReader([Link]())
);

String line;
[Link]("Downloading content from: " + webAddress + "\n");

// 5. Read the content line by line and print to console

while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link](line);
}
// 6. Close the resources
[Link]();
} else {
[Link]("Failed to connect. HTTP response code: " + responseCode);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
10. Write a program for resolving Relative URL
import [Link];
import [Link];
public class RelativeURLResolverTU {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Define the Base URL (The starting point)
URL baseURL = new URL("[Link]

// 2. List of relative paths to resolve

String[] relativePaths = {
"[Link]", // Simple file in current directory
"departments/[Link]", // Sub-directory path

7
 "../images/[Link]", // Go up one level, then into images
"./[Link]" // Explicitly stay in current directory
};

[Link]("Base URL: " + baseURL + "\n");

// 3. Resolve each relative URL against the Base URL

for (String rel : relativePaths) {
// The URL constructor handles the logic of merging paths
URL absoluteURL = new URL(baseURL, rel);

[Link]("Relative URL: " + rel);

[Link]("Resolved Absolute URL: " + absoluteURL + "\n");
}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}

11. Write a program to download an object

import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class GoogleDownloader {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String fileURL = "[Link]
String saveAs = "google_homepage.html";

// Try-with-resources ensures streams are closed automatically

8
 try (BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new
URL(fileURL).openStream());
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(saveAs)) {

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // 1KB buffer size

int bytesRead;

// Read from the URL and write to the local file

while ((bytesRead = [Link](buffer, 0, 1024)) != -1) {
[Link](buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}

[Link]("Google homepage downloaded successfully as: " + saveAs);

} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
12. Write a program that communicate with Server- side program through GET.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class FacebookGetClient {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Set the target URL
String serverURL = "[Link]
URL url = new URL(serverURL);

9
// 2. Open the connection
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) [Link]();

// 3. Set the request method

[Link]("GET");

// 4. CRITICAL: Set User-Agent to mimic a real web browser

// Without this, many servers will return a 403 Forbidden error
[Link]("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0");

// 5. Get and print the response status

int responseCode = [Link]();
[Link]("Sending GET request to: " + serverURL);
[Link]("Response Code: " + responseCode);

// 6. Handle the response data

if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader([Link]())
);

String inputLine;
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();

// Build the string line by line

while ((inputLine = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link](inputLine).append("\n");
}
[Link]();

[Link]("\nResponse Content Preview:");

[Link]([Link]().substring(0, 500) + "...");
// Just a preview
} else {
10
 [Link]("GET request failed.");
}

} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
13. Write a program that shows a simple CookiePolicy that blocks cookies from .gov
domains.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class GovCookieBlocker {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. Create a custom CookiePolicy that blocks .gov domains
CookiePolicy blockGovPolicy = new CookiePolicy() {
@Override
public boolean shouldAccept(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
if ([Link]().endsWith(".gov")) {
[Link]("Blocking cookie from: " + [Link]() + " | Cookie: " +
cookie);
return false; // Reject cookies from .gov domains
} else {
[Link]("Accepting cookie from: " + [Link]() + " | Cookie: " +
cookie);
return true; // Accept cookies from all other domains
}
}

11
 };

// 2. Set up the global CookieManager with our custom policy

CookieManager cookieManager = new CookieManager();
[Link](blockGovPolicy);

// 3. Make this the default manager for all future network connections
[Link](cookieManager);

try {
// 4. Create example URIs and cookies for testing
URI govURI = new URI("[Link]
URI eduURI = new URI("[Link]

HttpCookie govCookie = new HttpCookie("govTest", "12345");

HttpCookie eduCookie = new HttpCookie("eduTest", "67890");

// 5. Attempt to add cookies to the store

// The Manager will consult the Policy before adding them
[Link]().add(govURI, govCookie);
[Link]().add(eduURI, eduCookie);

// 6. Verify which cookies actually made it into the store

List<HttpCookie> acceptedCookies =
[Link]().getCookies();
[Link]("\nAccepted cookies in store:");
for (HttpCookie c : acceptedCookies) {
[Link](c);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
12
14. Write a program to download a web page using URLConnection.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class GooglePageDownloader {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Specify the target URL
String webAddress = "[Link]
URL url = new URL(webAddress);

// 2. Open the connection and set headers

URLConnection connection = [Link]();
[Link]("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0");

// 3. Set up the input stream to read from the web

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader([Link]())
);

// 4. Set up the output stream to write to a local file

FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("google_homepage.html");

// 5. Read line-by-line and write to the file

String line;
while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link](line + "\n");
}

// 6. Close all resources to prevent memory leaks

13
 [Link]();
[Link]();

[Link]("Google homepage downloaded successfully as

google_homepage.html");

} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
15. Write a program to read value of HTTP header Fields.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class ReadHTTPHeaders {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Specify the URL
URL url = new URL("[Link]

// 2. Open the connection and set client properties

URLConnection connection = [Link]();
[Link]("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0");

// 3. Establish the actual network connection

[Link]();

// 4. Retrieve the headers into a Map

// Map keys are the header names (e.g., "Content-Type")
// Map values are Lists because a header can have multiple values

14
 Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = [Link]();

[Link]("HTTP Header Fields:\n");

// 5. Iterate through the map and print each key-value pair

for ([Link]<String, List<String>> entry : [Link]()) {
String headerName = [Link]();
List<String> headerValues = [Link]();

// Note: The 'null' key usually contains the HTTP Status Line
[Link]((headerName == null ? "Status Line" : headerName) + " : " +
headerValues);
}

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
16. Write a program to print the entire HTTP header.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class PrintHTTPHeader {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Target URL
String webAddress = "[Link]
URL url = new URL(webAddress);

15
 // 2. Open HttpURLConnection
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) [Link]();

// 3. Configure request settings

[Link]("GET");
[Link]("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0");

// 4. Establish connection
[Link]();

// 5. Retrieve all header fields

Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = [Link]();

[Link]("=== HTTP Header Fields for " + webAddress + " ===\n");

// 6. Iterate and print headers

for ([Link]<String, List<String>> entry : [Link]()) {
String headerName = [Link]();
List<String> headerValues = [Link]();

// If headerName is null, it represents the Status Line (e.g., HTTP/1.1 200 OK)
String displayName = (headerName == null) ? "Status-Line" : headerName;
[Link](displayName + " : " + headerValues);
}

} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}

16
17. Write a program for HTTP Request Methods.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class HTTPRequestMethodsDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Free test server that echoes back whatever you send it
String targetURL = "[Link]

// 1. GET: Fetch data

sendRequest(targetURL + "/get", "GET");

// 2. POST: Create new data

sendRequest(targetURL + "/post", "POST");

// 3. PUT: Update existing data

sendRequest(targetURL + "/put", "PUT");

// 4. DELETE: Remove data

sendRequest(targetURL + "/delete", "DELETE");
}

public static void sendRequest(String urlStr, String method) {

try {
URL url = new URL(urlStr);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) [Link]();
[Link](method);
[Link]("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0");

// For POST/PUT, we need to send a 'Body' (payload)

if ([Link]("POST") || [Link]("PUT")) {
[Link](true); // Allows sending data
String data = "name=Karna&age=25";
17
 try (OutputStream os = [Link]()) {
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
}
}

int responseCode = [Link]();

[Link]("\nHTTP " + method + " Request to " + urlStr);
[Link]("Response Code: " + responseCode);

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error (" + method + "): " + [Link]());
}
}
}
18. Write a program to print the URL of a URLConnection to "[Link]"
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class URLConnectionURL {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Define the target website
String webAddress = "[Link]
URL url = new URL(webAddress);

// 2. Open the URL connection

// This creates a communication link but doesn't connect yet
URLConnection connection = [Link]();

// 3. Use getURL() to retrieve the URL associated with this connection

[Link]("URLConnection URL: " + [Link]());

18
 } catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
19. Write a program to get the time when a URL was last changed.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class URLLastModified {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Target URL
String webAddress = "[Link]
URL url = new URL(webAddress);

// 2. Open connection
URLConnection connection = [Link]();

// 3. Get the last modified timestamp (returned in milliseconds since epoch)

long lastModified = [Link]();

if (lastModified == 0) {
// Some servers disable this header for security or dynamic content
[Link]("The server did not provide Last-Modified information.");
} else {
// 4. Convert the 'long' timestamp into a readable Date object
Date lastModifiedDate = new Date(lastModified);

// 5. Format the date into a human-friendly string

19
 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, dd MMM yyyy
HH:mm:ss z");

[Link]("Last-Modified time of " + webAddress + " : " +

[Link](lastModifiedDate));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
20. Write a program reading from servers with socket
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class SocketReadServer {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String server = "[Link]";
int port = 80; // Standard HTTP port

// Use try-with-resources to automatically close the socket and streams

try (Socket socket = new Socket(server, port);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter([Link](), true);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()))) {

// 1. Manually construct the HTTP GET request

[Link]("GET / HTTP/1.1");
[Link]("Host: " + server);
[Link]("Connection: Close");
[Link](); // Crucial: A blank line tells the server the request is finished

20
 // 2. Read and print the raw response (Headers + HTML)
[Link]("Response from server:\n");
String line;
while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link](line);
}

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
21. Write a program writing from servers with socket.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class SocketWriteServer {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String server = "[Link]";
int port = 80;

try (Socket socket = new Socket(server, port);

PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new
OutputStreamWriter([Link]()), true);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()))) {

// 1. Data to be sent in the request body

String data = "name=Karna&age=25";

21
 // 2. Construct the HTTP POST request manually
[Link]("POST /post HTTP/1.1");
[Link]("Host: " + server);
[Link]("User-Agent: Java Socket Client");
[Link]("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

// Crucial: Server needs to know the size of the body data

[Link]("Content-Length: " + [Link]());
[Link]("Connection: Close");

// 3. Blank line to separate Headers from the Body

[Link]();

// 4. Send the actual payload

[Link](data);

// 5. Read the response

[Link]("Response from server:\n");
String line;
while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link](line);
}

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
22. Write a program socket to read Time Client.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

22
public class TimeClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// public-facing server provided by NIST
String server = "[Link]";
// Port 13 is the standard port for the Daytime Protocol
int port = 13;

try (Socket socket = new Socket(server, port);

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()))) {

[Link]("Time from server (" + server + "):");

// The server sends one or more lines of text and then disconnects
String time;
while ((time = [Link]()) != null) {
if ([Link]() > 0) {
[Link](time);
}
}

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
23. Write a program socket to Low Port Scanner.
import [Link];

public class LowPortScanner {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String host = "localhost"; // The machine being scanned

23
 [Link]("Scanning low ports on: " + host);
[Link]("Checking Ports 1 to 1024...\n");

for (int port = 1; port <= 1024; port++) {

try {
// Attempt to establish a TCP connection
Socket socket = new Socket(host, port);

// If the line above doesn't throw an exception, the port is open

[Link]("Port " + port + " is OPEN ✅");

// Always close the socket once the test is done

[Link]();
} catch (Exception e) {
// If an exception occurs, the port is likely closed or blocked
// We do nothing here and move to the next port
}
}
[Link]("\nScan completed.");
}
}
24. Write a program socket to SocketInfo.
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class SocketInfo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Establish a connection to the remote server
Socket socket = new Socket("[Link]", 80);

// 2. Extract the InetAddress object from the socket

InetAddress inetAddress = [Link]();

24
 [Link]("=== Socket Information ===");

// Remote details (The Server)

[Link]("Remote Host Name : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Remote Host IP : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Remote Port : " + [Link]());

// Local details (Your Machine)

[Link]("Local Address : " + [Link]());
[Link]("Local Port : " + [Link]());

// 3. Close the connection

[Link]();

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
25. Write a program socket for a server.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class SimpleServer {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 5000; // The "door number" the server listens on

try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port)) {

[Link]("Server started on port " + port);

25
 [Link]("Waiting for client connection...");

// 1. BLOCKING CALL: The program pauses here until a client connects

Socket clientSocket = [Link]();
[Link]("Client connected from " + [Link]());

// 2. Setup communication streams

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter([Link](), true);

String clientMessage;
// 3. Keep reading until the client stops sending data
while ((clientMessage = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link]("Client says: " + clientMessage);

// 4. Send a response back to the client

[Link]("Server received: " + clientMessage);

// 5. Termination condition
if ([Link]("bye")) {
[Link]("Client disconnected.");
break;
}
}

[Link]();
[Link]("Server stopped.");

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
26
26. Write a program for Secure Socket with – [Link]
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class SecureSocketClient {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String host = "[Link]";
int port = 443; // Standard port for HTTPS (SSL/TLS)

try {
// 1. Obtain the default SSLSocketFactory
SSLSocketFactory factory = (SSLSocketFactory) [Link]();

// 2. Create a secure socket and connect to the host

// This automatically handles the SSL/TLS Handshake
SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) [Link](host, port);
[Link]("Connected to " + host + " via secure socket ✅");

// 3. Setup output to send an encrypted HTTPS request

PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter([Link](), true);
[Link]("GET / HTTP/1.1");
[Link]("Host: " + host);
[Link]("User-Agent: Java SSLSocket Client");
[Link]("Connection: Close");
[Link](); // Signal end of headers

// 4. Setup input to read the decrypted response from the server

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]()));
String line;

27
 [Link]("\nResponse from server:\n");

while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {

[Link](line);
}

// 5. Cleanup
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Security Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
27. Write a program to input two numbers and calculate addition of two numbers by
using client and server RMI
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

// 1. The Server implementation class

public class CalculatorServer extends UnicastRemoteObject implements Calculator {

protected CalculatorServer() throws RemoteException {

super();
}

// 2. Implementation of the remote method

@Override
public int add(int a, int b) throws RemoteException {
[Link]("Server is adding: " + a + " + " + b);

28
 return a + b;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
// 3. Create the remote object instance
CalculatorServer obj = new CalculatorServer();

// 4. Register the object with the RMI Registry

// The Registry acts like a phonebook for distributed objects
[Link]("rmi://localhost:1099/CalculatorService", obj);

[Link]("Calculator RMI Server is ready...");

} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Server exception: " + [Link]());
[Link]();
}
}
}
[Link] a program for reading input from a Socket:
The following fragment connect to the daytime server on port13 of the [Link]
and display the data it’s sent timeClient
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class TimeClient {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String server = "[Link]";
int port = 13;

29
 try (Socket socket = new Socket(server, port);
// Explicitly use ASCII encoding as per NIST protocol standards
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link](), "ASCII"))) {

String line;
while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {
// Skip the blank line often sent at the start of NIST responses
if ([Link]().isEmpty()) continue;

[Link]("Server Time String: " + line);

// 1. Split the string by spaces to isolate components

String[] parts = [Link](" ");

if ([Link] >= 3) {
String datePart = parts[1]; // Index 1: yy-MM-dd
String timePart = parts[2]; // Index 2: HH:mm:ss
String dateTimeStr = datePart + " " + timePart;

// 2. Define the parser matching NIST's specific format

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

try {
// 3. Convert String -> Date Object
Date nistDate = [Link](dateTimeStr);
[Link]("Parsed NIST Time: " + nistDate);
} catch (ParseException pe) {
[Link]("Could not parse NIST time.");
}
}
}

30
 // 4. Comparison with local clock
[Link]("Local System Time: " + new Date());

} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Connection error: " + e);
}
}
}
[Link] a program in java for getting a socket’s information.
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];
import [Link];

public class LocalPortScanner {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Identify the local machine's network information
InetAddress local = [Link]();
String hostname = [Link]();

[Link]("Scanning ALL ports on host: " + hostname + " (" +

[Link]() + ")");

// 2. Scan the full range of TCP ports (1 to 65535)

for (int port = 1; port <= 65535; port++) {
// Try-with-resources ensures the socket closes immediately if it connects
try (Socket socket = new Socket(local, port)) {
[Link]("✅ A server is listening on port " + port);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// Port is closed, refused, or timed out; ignore and move to next
}
}

31
 [Link]("Port scan completed.");

} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
[Link]("Cannot resolve local host: " + e);
}
}
}
30. Write a program for Reading Data with a ServerSocket:
(Server Program)
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

public class ServerSocketProgram {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Create a server socket on port 2430
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(2430);
[Link]("Server is waiting for a client...");

// accept() blocks until a client connects

Socket s = [Link]();
[Link]("Client connected!");

// Wrap the output stream to send text

BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new
OutputStreamWriter([Link]()));

[Link]("Hello, I am server\n");
[Link](); // Ensure data is actually sent over the wire

[Link](); // Close connection

[Link](); // Close server
} catch (IOException e) {

32
 [Link](e);
}
}
}
(Client Program)
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

public class ClientServerFetch {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Connect to the server running on the local machine at port 2430
Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 2430);

// Set up a BufferedReader to read the text sent by the server

InputStream in = [Link]();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));

// Use Java 8+ Streams to print all lines received

[Link]().forEach([Link]::println);

[Link]();
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]();
}
}
}
[Link] a program in java to display Date and time
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];

public class DaytimeServer {

33
 public final static int PORT = 2430;

public static void main(String[] args) {

// 1. Initialize the ServerSocket
try (ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(PORT)) {
[Link]("Server started on port " + PORT + ". Waiting for clients...");

// 2. The Infinite Loop: Keep the server running forever

while (true) {
// 3. Wait for a connection (Blocking call)
try (Socket client = [Link]()) {
[Link]("Client connected: " + [Link]());

// 4. Send the data to the client

try (Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter([Link]())) {
[Link]("I am a server:\n");
Date now = new Date();
[Link]("Date and time: " + [Link]() + "\n");
[Link](); // Ensure data is sent
}
// 5. Client socket is automatically closed by try-with-resources
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error handling client: " + [Link]());
}
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
[Link]("Server error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}

[Link] a program for ServerSocket

import [Link].*;

34
import [Link].*;
import [Link];

public class ServerSocketProgram {

public static final int PORT = 13; // Daytime port

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(PORT)) {
[Link]("Multi-threaded Server started on port " + PORT);

while (true) {
// 1. Listen for a new connection
Socket clientSocket = [Link]();
[Link]("Client connected: " + [Link]());

// 2. Hand the connection to a NEW thread and start it immediately

Thread task = new DaytimeThread(clientSocket);
[Link]();

// 3. The loop restarts instantly to handle the next client

}
} catch (IOException ex) {
[Link]("Server error: " + [Link]());
}
}

// Inner class to handle individual client conversations

private static class DaytimeThread extends Thread {
private Socket connection;

DaytimeThread(Socket connection) {
[Link] = connection;
}

35
 @Override
public void run() {
try (Writer out = new BufferedWriter(new
OutputStreamWriter([Link]()))) {
[Link]("I am a multi-threaded server:\n");
Date now = new Date();
[Link]("Date and time: " + [Link]() + "\n");
[Link]();
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error with client " + [Link]() + ": " +
[Link]());
} finally {
try {
[Link]();
} catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Error closing socket: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
}
}

36