Emphasis - Inversion
f\
113111 Listen and repeat. Then act out.
We can put emphasis on certain words or b) We love relaxing on the beach. (object)
parts of a sentence using the following: What we love (doing) is relaxing on the
beach.
• It is/was ... who/which/that
OR Relaxing on the beach is what we love
a) Susan is making lunch.
(doing) .
It is Susan who/that is making lunch.
• What ... do (emphasis on verbs)
(emphasis on the subject: Susan)
Mike builds houses.
b) Susan is making lunch.
What Mike does is (to) build houses.
It is lunch that Susan is making.
• Question word + ever (usually shows
(emphasis on the object: lunch)
surprise)
• All (that) = The only thing (that)
Whoever suggested such a thing?
All (that) he wants is to be happy.
Which and whose are not used in this case.
• That is/was + question word in statements
Whose car is that? (NOT: WAese ellar oar .. .)
or is/was that + question word in questions
That is what he told the police. Note: Question words + ever (except for why)
Is that where he is living now? can be written as one word. Whoever told you ... ?
• Question word + is/was it + that in Wherever did you find it? Whatever are you doing
questions there?
Who was it that sent you those flowers? • We use do/does/did + infinitive without
Where is it that you 're planning to go? 'to' in the present simple, past simple or
When was it that you realised you were being the imperative to give emphasis.
followed? a) She goes to the gym every day. She does
• What go to the gym every day.
a) Swimming keeps me in shape. (subject) b) They decorated the living room. They did
What keeps me in shape is swimming. decorate the living room.
OR Swimming is what keeps me in shape. c) Sit down. Do sit down.
175
CD Emphasis - Inversion
1 Rewrite the following, putting emphasis on every part of the sentences.
Rachael visited the museum in the morning .
.It. .w~~ .R.-~t;,h~~J . ,«hQl.t~~t..vj;;jt~d..t.h~ . tnt.)f3t<LJtJ1 .in .t~~ . mornjvg,/.It . .w~~ .t~~. ml,.J~t<lJ01 . tbtlt .
.F?tl4~~~/ . [Link]~d jt1. tb~ roorrtine.'/lt .w~p' jr,1 . tb~. mornjvg. tMt . F?tl4b~~/ . [Link]~d .t.h~ . tJ1lJs~um....
2 Our top journalist interviewed the celebrity in London.
3 Steve wrote a detective novel four years ago.
4 The Smiths installed a burglar alarm last month.
5 Greg eats an omelette on Sunday mornings.
2 Rewrite the sentences, putting emphasis on the words in bold.
Who sang that beautiful song? 5 James Cameron directed the film Avatar .
.whQ~v~u?~J1@ .tb~.t. bt{.~l,)tjflJl f3.Q/J@ f. •
2 Where did I leave my car keys? 6 The digital camera was first sold in Japan.
3 Robert enjoyed hiking even though it was rainy. 7 Wait a minute; I'm nearly ready.
4 Have another cup of tea. 8 The first Harry Potter book was released in June
1997.
3 Rewrite these beach safety tips using what, as in the example.
You need to read and obey beach regulations. I 6 You should remember to put on sun cream
[Link]. n~ed . to re~d tlnd. ob.e,y .ar.t< .... . regularly .
.b.e~ch r~l3lJ/;;[Link];;. . . ............ .
2 You need to wear foot protection on rocky and
hot sandy beaches. 7 You must get out of the water ~~~~=.:~~
when you see a red flag .
3 You should avoid swimming near rocks and piers.
8 You need to take care of your personal
4 You should swim in areas supervised by a lifeguard. possessions.
5 You have to follow any directions the lifeguard I 9 You have to collect your rubbish when you
gives you . leave the beach .
176
Emphasis - Inversion G
4 Change the sentences, as in the example.
I don't need a fork, I need a spoon. 5 Laura isn't a nurse, Sarah is .
.It:~ . not. ~ fork.l nt{~d• .it:f:?.ci .flpOP,f'] .••• •••••
2 He's not playing football , he's playing rugby. 6 I don 't like apples, I like oranges.
3 I don't study Spanish , I study Italian. 7 He didn 't write a novel , he wrote a short story.
4 I didn't buy a table, I bought a chair. 8 They don't want an oven, they want a microwave.
5 Read the information, then rewrite it emphasising the
words in bold.
o Gore Verbinski directed Pirates of the Caribbean: The
Curse of the Black Pearl.
o It W~.Q Gort:. [Link]£lki who/tba.t dire:ctt:d f'[Link]? ..
of the. C;fl,ri/?k~fJt7: . The. C.l-lrfl~J2f:!(h~ [3j,flck. F~fJr/. ....
2 Johnny Depp and Keira Knightley played the lead parts.
o .. -............ . • • ••• II ••••• •
o
3 Ted Elliot and Terry Rossio wrote the screenplay.
o ••• •••••• ••••
4 The film was released in 2003.
I •••
...... ...... ., .,- ............ a •••••••••••
.............................................
II.·
o
o II ••• •••• • ••
5 The film was first shown in Disneyland.
1
.... ., • ••••• I'" •••• I •••••••••
o
o 6 The film became a huge success soon after its release.
. ...................... .
o
o
., •••••••• I'
7 The film was nominated for five Oscars in 2004.
..... . ... ..... . .................................
6 Rewrite the sentences using emphatic constructions, starting with the words given.
Kim broke the computer. 6 When did you move house?
It was .K..im WQolthtlt .[Link] tht:. [Link]"it~r, When was ..........•.••.....•.............
2 Hurry up. 7 What are you cooking?
Do .................................... . Whatever ................................. .
3 Why did they close the amusement park? 8 I told you to be careful.
Why ever •.•..•......•..............•...... I did .•...••.......••.......•..............
4 She needs a haircut. 9 Jimmy turned the TV on .
What .................................... . It was .................................... .
5 He promised to email her. 10 Stay a little longer.
He did ................................... . Do ....................................... .
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G Emphasis - Inversion
7 Complete the sentences, using your own ideas.
1 Alii want is .1{Q . !(e:. b~j31Jthy. ..............• 5 What I don 't enjoy is .. , ................ ..
2 What I would like to learn is .............. . 6 What makes me happy is ............... ..
3 What I would like to own is .•.............. 7 What relaxes me is ...........•...........
4 What I love doing is .....••....•.....•.... 8 All I'm interested in is ................... ..
8 Mrs Jones lost her purse. A policeman is asking her questions. Look at Mrs Jones'
answers, then write them using emphatic structures.
"Who did you go shopping with? " 4 "Are you sure that you left it there? "
"My husband. " "Yes, I left it there."
Jt.~t1~ /11y, hlJ~PiW0. ~~Ql.tbt1t{ .I.~(3.11t{ ••
~[Link].g .wit.h. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .......... . 5 "How much money was in your purse?"
2 "Where did you leave your purse?" "About fifty pounds and my bank card. "
"At the grocer's."
6 "Did you cancel your bank card?"
3 "When did you realise you 'd left it there? " "Yes, just before I saw you. "
"An hour ago."
f'\
113211 Listen and repeat. Then act out.
Inversion
There are two ways to invert the subject and the verb:
A. auxiliary verb/modal + subject + main verb
• in questions Is she working tomorrow?
• after certain expressions when they are at the beginning of a sentence
Seldom Little In/Under no circumstances Only in this way
Rarely Barely Never Only by
Scarcely (ever) ... when Nowhere Never before Nor/Neither
Hardly (ever) ... when Not till/until Not since Only then
No sooner ... than On no occasion Not (even) once
Not only ... but (also) In no way On no account
Rarely do we see him these days. No sooner had we got into the house than he phoned us.
178
Emphasis - Inversion cr:>
NOTE: When the following expressions begin a sentence, we use inversion in the main clause.
only after, only by, only if, only when , not till/until, not since
Only after he had graduated, did he start looking for a job.
Only if you invite her, will she come to your party.
Not until all tests had been completed, were we told the results.
• after so, such, to such a degree (in result clauses) when they are at the beginning of a sentence
So careful is he that he never makes any mistakes.
Such a brilliant student was he that he was offered a scholarship.
• with should, were, had in conditionals at the beginning of the sentence when " if" is omitted
Type 1: Should you see him, tell him to call me. (= If you shou ld see .. .)
Type 2: Were I you, I would cancel my trip. (= If I were you .. .)
Type 3: Had he known, he would have made arrangements. (= If he had known .. .)
• after so, neither/ nor, as when expressing agreement
"I hate horror films. " "So do I." ('So' is used to agree with an affirmative statement.)
"Jane hasn't returned our calls. " "Neither/Nor has her husband. " ('Neither/Nor' is used to agree with a
negative statement.)
His colleagues respected him as did his boss. ("as did" is used to show both his boss and his
colleagues respected him.)
B. main verb + subject
• after adverbs of place
Here comes the bride! Away ran the thief!
• in Direct Speech when the reporting verb comes after the quote and the subject is a noun
"I've never seen him, " said Helen.
9 Fill in the gaps, expressing agreement.
A: I have watched the latest Star Trek fi lm. 4 A: I can 't stand the crowds in the city centre .
s: So ... .h~Y~. l . .. . It was great! S: Neither . .. . . .. .. ... . It's far too busy.
2 A: I didn 't enjoy the concert last night. 5 A: I always go skiing in winter.
S: Nor ..........•.. . The band was terrible . S: So ............. . It's really enjoyable.
3 A: We are going to London this weekend . 6 A: I'm not going out tonight.
S: So ............. . We could meet you there. S: Nor ............ , . I'm too ti red .
10 Nathan Cooper is the manager of a professional basketball team which is going to
play in the cup final next week. He is talking to his players about keeping his plans
for the game secret. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Under no ci rcum stances 1) • £?b.~lJlcj'y9.u. :t:~U .• (you/should/tell)
any journali sts about our tactics for t he cup final and in no way
2) ..................... (you/ must/give) t he other team any clues
about w hich players w e w ill choose to start t he game. Not unti l after
t he game 3) ........................ (you/will/be able to) talk to
reporters. Only in t hi s way 4) ••••...•••••••..•••• (our plan/will/be) a
success. If you all follow these ord ers, not only 5) ••••••••••...•.••••
(we/will/ have) a good chance of victory on Saturday, but you w ill also
be given some time off after the game.
179
CD> Emphasis - Inversion
11 Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in bold.
The snow came down . 5 The rocket flew up into the sky.
.Dowr.I . c(3lm~. thti ~t:10W.• ••••••••••.•••••••••
2 The boy ran away. 6 The divers climbed onto the boat.
3 The singer came onto the stage. 7 Greg cycled down the street.
4 The dog swam across the river. 8 The hiker climbed up the mountain .
12 Rewrite the sentences, using the words/phrases given.
We seldom go to the theatre. 5 I have never travelled on a plane.
Seldom .do. Wtl go to th~ theatre Not once
2 I didn't know I was in the wrong classroom . 6 As soon as I arrived in London, I phoned my
Little parents.
3 Jane hadn't arrived late to work before. No sooner ...... ,. . .......•...... .
Never before . • .....•. . 7 The Thomsons don't often eat fast food.
4 They will catch their flight if they leave now. Rarely .................................... .
Only if .•..........•.. . 8 You will pass the test if you study hard.
Only by ...............•...•............. .
13 Look at the following text and write inverted sentences using the words/phrases
in bold.
George Crum invented crisps in 1853. Crum worked as a chef in a
restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. Crum rarely got complaints
about his cooking, but one customer was never happy with the food he received.
Crum's crisps were on no occasion good enough for him. The crisps were not only too oily
but also they were not salty enough. To make the customer happy, Crum tried
something new. He sliced the potatoes as thinly as possible, fried them, and added
salt. The customer had no sooner tried the new snack than Crum knew it was
something important. Crum and the customer had never been so happy before!
These days, crisps are one of the most popular snack foods in the world.
J?p.r.t</y. did. Crum gtlt .c;,[Link]?~[Link]..rt . biEj .cookJt:1g• .[Link] [Link]?tome.r. [Link]? t1t:.Ve.r. [Link]. [Link] ... .
.to(7. food he; .[Link];tvtl4 ...................................................... . ..................... .
180
Emphasis - Inversion e
14 Rewrite the sentences starting with so or such.
Being tired , Don slept for twelve hours. 4 We received such a big telephone bill that we
So .1;imd .W~p' PQt7. tM1; . ~~. ~I~pt. fQr. . couldn 't pay it.
. 1;IY~Jv~. bours. . ...... Such ........................ , .....• ,.
2 He had such a fierce dog that we were terrified . 5 The sea looked so lovely that we dived in.
Such ........ . So ........................•..
3 I got so angry that I screamed . 6 Being th irsty , Sandy drank three glasses of water.
So ........... . .... . So ..................... .
Speaking Activity
(narrating a story - tense revision)
Last week, a group of students from the school photography club went on
a safari. In pairs, look at the pictures and describe the scenes. Say where
they were, what they did, what they could see, hear or smell, and how they
were feeling. Use past tenses.
A: It was a beautiful day for a safari. The sun was shining and the birds were singing .
B: The students were travell ing by jeep in the Africa bush .
Imagine you are one of the students who went on the safari in the
Speaking Activity above. Write a diary entry describing your day.
Dear Diary,
Today, I went on a safari with the photography club. When we set off in the morning ,
the sun was shining and the birds were singing.
181
English In Us.
1 Look at Appendix 1 on pages 2 Look at Appendix 2 on pages 246-253,
239-245, then fill in the correct then fill in the correct preposition.
particle(s) for the phrasal verbs. Everybody has to do overtime because we are
I took my parents to the airport and saw ., . b~hirJd... schedule.
them •.... off. .... . 2 ..... . . . . .. our astonishment, he managed to
2 You clear the table and I'll see . .......... . win the race .
the washing up. 3 Break the chocolate .•... . .... pieces so that
3 The cold weather has finally set . . . . . . . .. . everyone can have some.
4 They set .......... at 5.00 in the morning 4 It's . . . . . . . . .. the law to drive a car without wearing
and returned at 9.00 in the evening. a seatbelt.
5 He decided to set ............ his own 5 The injured man has to be taken to hospital
business. .. delay.
3 Fill in the correct idiom.
Idioms
Kate's work experience gi'/.tlf? b~r. the. ~d@~. over
1 get on sb's nerves: annoy sb
2 get cracking: work quickly the other candidates for the job.
3 give sb the creeps: make sb feel 2 We have lots of work to do today, so let's ....•.....
scared
4 give sb the edge: give sb an 3 Please don't talk about spiders; they really ....... .
advantage over sb else
5 get wind of sth: receive some
4 I wish Nathan would stop whistling; it really ....... .
information about sth
5 Make sure that Laura doesn't .................. ..
our plans for her surprise birthday party.
Use the word in bold to form a word that best fits each gap.
Street food in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is famous worldwide for its 0) • Yr'oMtlrfvi . WONDER
cuisines. Thai cuisine, for example, has some of the most delicious
dishes in Asia. But 1) •••••.•••••• •• to Thailand don't need to VISIT
go to 2) . •.• • •••••.• restaurants to enjoy beautiful Thai EXPENSE
cooking. Just walk down any busy street in Bangkok and you are
sure to find 3) ••• • ••••• • street food. With little more than TASTE
a pot and a frying pan, 4) •••.•••••••••• street cooks can create mouth-watering dishes while you watch. TALENT
Many tourists, however, worry that street food is 5) ••••••••••••••••••••• to eat. Indeed, many SAFE
travellers avoid street food 6) •••.••••• ••••••• • and prefer to eat at their hotels. Naturally, no one COMPLETI
wants to get food poisoning on holiday, but in 7) ••• • ••••••••••••••• , most street food is REAL
8) •• • •••••.•••••••••••• safe to eat. Most street cooks don't own refrigerators so they use only the PERFECT
freshest ingredients. What's more, most food is cooked in boiling hot oil which kills most
9) •• .•• • ••••••••.• germs. A good tip is to remember that the locals know best. Choose to eat HARM
from a stall that is popular among the locals rather than from stalls that only attract tourists.
All in all, nothing comes as close to an authentic 10) . •.•• •••••• • •••••• experience as eating a ASIA
meal prepared on the street! So, choose 11) •••.•••••••••.••••••••• , but don't miss out! CAREFUL
182
English In Us.
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap.
One of the very first th ings travellers 0) . loak for when they arrive in a
new city is how they w ill get around. In most Asian cities, 1) as in
Europe, visitors can use buses, taxis, and trains to get from place to place. But unlike
most European cities, Asian cities sometimes offer other more adventurous
2) •••••••••••••••• of transport!
Tuk-tuks are small three-wheeled vehicles that look like motorcycles with carriages
on top. These carriages can 3) •• • • • • • • • • • • •• two or three passengers
comfortably. Tuk-tuks are very popular in Thailand's busy 4) .... city,
Bangkok. Often they are faster than buses or taxis since they are 5) •••••••••••• of moving in and
out of traffic more easily than bigger vehicles.
Visitors who plan to 6) • •• a ride in a tuk-tuk for the first time should be ready for the trip
of their lives! Tuk-tuk drivers are well-
0 A observe @ Iook C see D spot
known for driving very fast and very
A equally B such C just D like
dangerously! For this 7) ., 2 A styles B manners C ways D modes
many foreigners find themselves 3 A hold B contain C provide D house
holding onto their seats very tightly! 4 A first B capital C main D centre
Nevertheless, tuk-tuk rides 8) 5 A efficient B able C worthy D capable
• to be incredibly popular 6 A pick B hold C take D give
with tourists. Indeed, riding a tuk-tuk 7 A effect B explanation C cause D reason
has become an essential 9) 8 A stay B keep C continue D carry
for every visitor to the city. 9 A occasion B event C happening D experience
In Other Words
• Being hungry, Dan ate everything on his plate. • I didn 't write graffiti on the wall.
So hungry was Dan that he ate everything on his plate. It wasn 't me who wrote graffiti on the wall.
• Don't show this picture to anyone on any account. • You have to get all the questions right to
On no account should you show this picture to anyone. pass the exam.
• When did you get married? Only by getting all the questions right will
When was it that you got married? you pass the exam.
6 Complete the following sentences using the words in bold.
I made the birthday cake.
who It . was me who [Link] the birthday cake.
2 Being thirsty, Laura drank an entire bottle of water.
that So thirsty an entire bottle of water.
3 You have to train hard to become a successful athlete.
will Only . . . . become a successful athlete.
4 Don 't lend this book to anyone on any account.
should On no ... . this book to anyone.
5 When did you graduate from college?
it When was .... from college?
183