PROCESS (artificial)

Natural Artificial

Bố cục:

Opening: Paraphrase lại đề

Overview:

- Tuỳ vào nội dung của chart, có thể chỉ ra:

+ Số lượng bước trong quá trình

+ Viết sơ qua về bước đầu và bước cuối

- Nêu ra các nguyên liệu đầu vào cần thiết hoặc một số những dụng

cụ, máy móc cần cho quá trình sản xuất

Body: 1-2 đoạn tùy thuộc vào độ phức tạp của chart và số lượng các bước

LƯU Ý:

- Đối với artificial process (quá trình nhân tạo, sản xuất ra sản phẩm gì đó) thì hầu hết trong bài
sẽ sử dụng bị động để miêu tả

- Vì là process nên cần đặc biệt chú ý đến linking trong bài để đảm bảo nguyên quá trình được
miêu tả có tính kết nối

- Cố gắng đa dạng cấu trúc ngữ pháp trong lúc diễn đạt các bước
Cấu trúc câu mẫu và sample mẫu:

Opening: The picture illustrates the manufacturing process of olive oil.

Vocabulary for paraphrasing:

Diagram => Picture; Chart;…

Show => Illustrate; Demonstrate; Delineate; Showcase;…

Quá trình gì đó:

- The process of making chủ thể;

- chủ thể’s manufacturing/production process;_

- the manufacturing/production (process) of chủ thể,

- how chủ thể is produced/made/manufactured

Overall: In general, there are seven stages in this process, commencing with collecting olive oil
and concluding with storing as well as selling the desired product. It is also worth noting that
machinery such as pressers and conveyor belts are needed for this process.

Vocabulary for the overview:

Dẫn vào bài: Overall/In general, (as can be seen from the chart);…

Cách diễn đạt số bước (nếu có) và bước đầu và bước cuối của quá trình

- There are … steps/stages (required/needed) in this process, commencing with … and

concluding with …

- … steps/stages are required/needed for this process, starting with … and ending with…

Cách diễn đạt nguyên liệu đầu vào và công cụ máy móc:

- The equipment/tools/machinery required/needed/that is/are called for in this process

include(s)/are …

- The initial/starting ingredient(s)/material(s) needed/required/that is/are called for in this

process include(s)/are…

Một số các linking words và phrases mang tính bổ sung:

Additionally, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, On top of that, It can also be seen/observed

that…

Body: Tùy vào độ dài và số bước của đề (chẵn hay lẻ) mà có thể tách đoạn hoặc không.
As can be seen from the diagram, the first step in this process involves picking olives. The picked
olives are then rinsed by cold water. Afterwards, they are passed through a conveyor belt to be
smashed. The final products of this stage are olive paste and olive stones. After being separated
from the olive stones, the olive paste is put into bags with holes before being pressed. What
follows is the separating stage, where the water is taken out of the oil. Lastly, the extracted olive
oil is stored and then sold.

Vocabulary for detailing information in the body:

Dẫn vào body: More specifically…; In more detail…; As can be seen/observed (from/in the
diagram/picture)….; Looking at the details,…; As shown/displayed/illustrated/showcased by the
picture/diagram,…;

Cấu trúc bị động chung diễn tả tác động lên sản phẩm: S + is/are + past participle

- The first/second/third…./last/next/following step in this process is/involves + V-ing/the (tên

của bước/giai đoạn) stage/step.

- The/This chủ thể của bước trước is/are then/subsequently + past participle

- What follows is the (tên của bước/giai đoạn), where chủ thể is/are + past participle

- Kết hợp 2 bước trong cùng một câu: chủ thể + is/are + past participle + before + being + past
participle

- After + the chủ thể + is/are + past participle, it is/they are + past participle HOẶC After + being
+ past participle, chủ thể + is/are + past participle (dẫn từ bước ở câu trước vào bước của câu
đang viết)

Các linking words và phrases để liên kết các bước lại với nhau:

After that…Afterwards…; Then, …; Next, …; In/During the following/next step/stage, …;

In/During the first/second…./last step/stage…; Firstly/Secondly…/Lastly/Last but not least, …;
Following/After this (stage/step)…;

The diagram below shows the production of olive oil

SAMPLE:

The picture illustrates the manufacturing process of olive oil.

In general, there are seven stages in this process, commencing with collecting olive oil and
concluding with storing as well as selling the desired product. It is also worth noting that
machinery such as pressers and conveyor belts are needed for this process.

As can be seen from the diagram, the first step in this process involves picking olives. The picked
olives are then rinsed by cold water. Next, they are passed through a conveyor belt to be
smashed. The final products of this stage are olive paste and olive stones. After being separated
from the olive stones, the olive paste is transferred via a conveyor belt to be put into bags with
holes before being pressed. What follows is the separating stage, where the water is taken out
of the oil. Lastly, the extracted olive oil is stored and then sold.

The diagram shows the process of making smoked fish. Summarize the information by
selecting the main features, and make comparisons.

thaw/defrost: rã đông

SAMPLE:

The diagram illustrates the process of producing smoked fish.

Overall, there are several distinct stages in this process, beginning with catching fish in the sea
and culminating in the distribution and selling of smoked fish in shops. It is also worth
mentioning that both natural resources and man-made facilities are involved in this process.

Looking at the details, the process starts with fish being caught and transported to the port,
where they are unloaded. After this, the fish are frozen, then thawed before being cut open and
washed with fresh water. At the next stage, they are soaked in salt water with yellow coloring
and subsequently smoked.
The smoked fish are then packed into containers and frozen at 0°C. After being stored in cold
facilities, the fish are distributed to different locations. The final step in this process is selling the
smoked fish at fish shops.

The diagram below shows how sugar is produced from sugar cane

tractor: máy cày

SAMPLE:

The diagram illustrates

the process of producing
sugar from sugar cane.

In general, this process

consists of seven stages,
starting with the growth
of sugar canes and ending
with the drying and
cooling of sugar. It is also
noticeable that both
manual labor and
machinery are required
throughout the
procedure.

As shown in the diagram, sugar canes are first cultivated for a period of 12 to 18 months before
being harvested, either manually with a knife or mechanically with a harvester. Following this,
the harvested canes are crushed to extract juice. The extracted juice is then purified by passing
it through a limestone filter.

At the next stage, the purified juice is heated in an evaporator to form syrup. This syrup is
subsequently placed in a centrifuge, which separates the sugar crystals from the syrup. Finally,
the sugar crystals undergo drying and cooling, resulting in the finished sugar product.