1.(a) Define data communication. Explain the basic components of a data communication system.
(b) Differentiate between analog and digital signals. Provide examples of each.
(c) Explain the concept of bandwidth and its relationship with data rate.
(d) Compare and contrast the OSI model with the TCP/IP model.
2.(a) What is the Nyquist theorem? Derive the formula for the maximum data rate of a noiseless channel.
(b) Compare amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM).
(c) A noiseless channel has a bandwidth of 4 kHz. How many signal levels are required to achieve a data
rate of 32 kbps?
3. (a) Suppose you are using a public network, you want to measure its performance. What matrices will
you use? Explain.
(b) What do you understand by transmission impairments? To measure this, what matrices can be used?
Explain.
(c) Discuss different types of transmission media? Describe the work procedure of Fibre-optic cable.
4. (a) Explain multiplexing and demultiplexing in data communication?
(b) Differentiate between TDM and FDM technology.
(c) Briefly describe ISO/OSI reference model and each of its layers’ responsibility in communication.
5. (a) Write short notes on the following:
i) Hub ii) Switch iii) Router
(b) What is Error Detection & Correction in communication network? Explain different types of errors and
detection strategies in data communication.
(c) Calculate Internet checksum value of the following:
1110011001100110
1101010101010101
6. (a) What are the differences between analog data and digital data?
(b) Explain simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex data communication system?
(c) What is TCP/IP addressing? Explain its layers with examples.
7. (a) What is CSMA/CA? How does it differ from CSMA/CD in terms of collision handling?
(b) Briefly describe the basic operations of the Reservation ALOHA protocol. What benefits does it offer in
terms of reduced collisions and increased throughput?
(c) State the differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
1. a) What is data communication? Write down some components, which are needed when two devices
exchange data.
b) Why the network model is necessary? Distinguish between OSI model and TCP/IP model.
c) Write down two characteristics of unshielded and shielded twisted pair?
d) Note down different parameters that characterized a sine wave.
2. a) Explain the following two cases of a baseband communication:
i) A low-pass channel with a wide bandwidth and ii) One with a limited bandwidth.
b) A network with bandwidth of 10 Mbps can pass only an average of 12,000 frames per minute with each
frame carrying an average of 10,000 bits. What is the throughput of this network?
c) Define interleaving, empty slot, multi-level multiplexing, and pulse stuffing.
3. a) How can you measure the performance of a network? Explain each matrices.
b) Explain Delta modulation. c) Explain QAM with a suitable example.
4. a) How many invalid code sequences can we have in 5B/6B encoding and 3B/4B encoding?
b) Quantize and encode of a sampled signal where sampled amplitudes are between +200V to −200V and
assume Δ = 25V, and level (L = 16).
1. a) Define Telecommunication. Write down the differences between jitter and timeliness.
b) Write down the responsibilities of the network layer in the Internet model.
c) How does analog data differ from digital data?
d) What are the differences between simplex and half-duplex data communication system?
2. a) Define multiplexer? A multiplexer combines four 100-kbps channels using a time slot of 2 bits. Show
the output with the four arbitrary inputs. What is the frame rate? What is the frame duration? What is the bit
rate? What is the bit duration?
b) What is spread spectrum? Explain FHSS and DSSS with suitable example.
c) Define interleaving, empty slot, multi-level multiplexing, and pulse stuffing.
3. a) How time domain signal differ from frequency domain signal.
b) What type problem happens in the receiver side (following figure) when data is sent from sender?
c) Define pulse stuffing. In which scenario statistical TDM is not appropriate. Explain.
d) What is the bandwidth of a signal that can be decomposed into five sine waves with frequencies at 0, 50,
150, 200 Hz?
4. a) How can you measure the performance of a network? Explain each matrices.
b) What matrices are used to measure the transmission impairments? Explain them.
c) Level the TCP/IP addressing. Explain all levels with examples.