Advanced
Programming
Language
(AIE )
Section 2
Eng. Mohamed Ibrahim
Assist. Prof. Samah Adel
Assoc. Prof. Hatem Khater
2025-2026 Eng. Aya El Sayed
Java Methods
• A method is a block of code which only runs when
it is called to perform certain actions.
• They are also known as functions
• You can pass data into a method , known as
parameters, (inputs of a method)
• You can also receive data from a method , known
as return values, (outputs of a method)
Creating a method
• A method must be declared within a class.
• It is defined with the name of the method,
followed by parentheses ()
• myMethod
the name of the method
• static
means that the method belongs to the Main class and not
an object of the Main class.
• void
means that this method does not have a return value.
Calling a method
• To call a method, write the method's name followed by two parentheses () and a
semicolon ;
public class Main {
static void myMethod() {
[Link]("welcome to Java");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod();
}
• A method can also be called multiple times
Method parameters
• Information can be passed to methods as parameter. Parameters act as
variables inside the method.
• Parameters are specified after the method name, inside the parentheses.
• You can add as many parameters as you want, just separate them with a
comma.
Method parameters
Example has a method that takes a String called name as parameter. When the method is
called, we pass along a name, which is used inside the method to print it.
public class Main {
static void myMethod(String name) {
[Link]("my name is " + name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod("ali");
myMethod("aya");
}
}
Multiple parameters
• You can pass many parameters to a method
public class Main {
static void myMethod(String name , int age) {
[Link]("my name is " + name);
[Link]("my age is " + age);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
myMethod("ali", 18);
}
}
Return Values
• The void keyword, used in the
examples above, indicates that
the method should not return a
value.
public class Main {
static int myMethod(int x) {
• If you want the method to return 5 + x;
return a value, you can use a }
data type (such as int, char, etc.)
instead of void, and use the public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](myMethod(3));
return keyword inside the }
method.
}
Example
a method to sum two numbers
public class Main {
static int myMethod(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int z = myMethod(5, 3);
[Link](z);
}
}
Method scope
• Variables are only accessible inside the region they are created.
This is called scope.
• Variables declared directly inside a method are available
anywhere only in this method .
Java OOP
Object-oriented Programming
Java OOP
• OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming.
• Procedural programming is about writing procedures or methods that
perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is
about creating objects that contain both data and methods.
Java OOP
• Object-oriented programming has several
advantages over procedural programming:
1- OOP is faster and easier to execute
2- OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
3- OOP makes the code easier to maintain, modify
and debug
4- OOP makes it possible to create full reusable
applications with less code and shorter development
time
Classes & objects
• Classes and objects are the
two main aspects of object-
oriented programming.
• A class is a template for
objects, and an object is an
instance of a class.
• When the individual objects
are created, they inherit all the
variables and methods from
the class.
Creating a class
• To create a class, use the keyword class
Creating an object
• An object is created from a class.
• To create an object, specify the class name, followed by the
object name,
and use the keyword new
Multiple objects
• You can create multiple objects of one class
• Multiple classes: You can also create an object of a class and
access it in another class.
Attributes
• Class attributes are variables within a
class.
• Accessing attributes You can access
attributes by creating an object of the
class, and by using the dot syntax
Methods
public class Main {
• A method is a block of code which only static void myMethod() {
runs when it is called to perform certain [Link]("welcome to Java");
actions. }
• You can pass data into a method , known public static void main(String[] args) {
as parameters, (inputs of a method) myMethod();
}
• You can also receive data from a method ,
known as return values, (outputs of a }
method)
• In OOP: Accessing (calling) methods
• You can access a method by creating an
object of the class, and by using the dot
syntax
Example 1
public class Main {
public void fullSpeed() {
[Link]("The car is going as fast as it
can!");
}
public void speed(int maxSpeed) {
[Link]("Max speed is: " + maxSpeed);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Main myCar = new Main(); // Create a myCar object
[Link](); // Call the fullSpeed() method
[Link](200); // Call the speed() method
}
}
Example 2 Calculate area and perimeter of rectangle
class Use_Rectangle {
public class Rectangle {
double length; public static void main(String args[])
double width; {
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();
void Area()
{ [Link] = 15.5;
double area; [Link] = 22.3;
area = length * width;
[Link]("Area of rectangle is : " + area);
[Link]("Length = " +
}
[Link]);
void Perimeter() [Link]("Width = " +
{ [Link]);
double perimeter;
perimeter = 2 * (length + width); [Link]();
[Link]("Perimeter of rectangle is : " + perimeter); [Link]();
}
}
Example 2 Calculate area and perimeter of rectangle
• This example has 2 classes (Rectangle
and Use_Rectangle )
• Remember that the name of the java file
should match the class name.
So in this example, we have created two files
in the same directory:
• [Link]
• Use_Rectangle.java
Example 2 Calculate area and perimeter of rectangle
Thank you