M. M.
International School, Mullana
Artificial Intelligence
Unit – 5 (AI Ethics) – Class – VIII
AI ethics is a system of moral principles and techniques intended to inform the development and
responsible use of artificial intelligence technology. As AI has become integral to products and
services, organizations are starting to develop AI codes of ethics.
AI can automate repetitive tasks, improving efficiency and productivity in various industries. Data
Analysis and Insights: AI algorithms can analyze large data quickly, providing valuable insights for
decision-making.
What is the ethical issue?
An ethical issue is a circumstance in which a moral conflict arises in the workplace; thus, it is a
situation in which a moral standard is being challenged. Ethical issues in the workplace occur when a
moral dilemma emerges and must be resolved within a corporation.
What is the ethical issue of bias in AI?
The decisions made by AI are shaped by the initial data it receives. If the underlying data is unfair,
the resulting algorithms can perpetuate bias, incompleteness, or discrimination, creating potential for
widespread inequality
AI Ethical Issues
Artificial intelligence has the potential to make your business more efficient. That’s a win. But
increasing your output could come at a cost regardless of any savings. Making the ethics of AI a
focal point will help ensure your business remains in good standing from an operational, regulatory
and reputational standpoint. Here are 11 ethical issues you should know about when it comes to AI.
Issue 1: Job Displacement
Job displacement is a concern that is frequently cited in discussions surrounding AI. There is fear
that automation will replace certain aspects or entire job roles, causing unemployment rates to spike
industries. According to CompTIA’s Business Technology Adoption and Skills Trends report, 81% of
U.S. workers have recently seen articles which focus on the replacement of workers with AI. The
same report found that 3 out of 4 workers are very or somewhat concerned about how automated
technologies will impact the workforce.
Issue 2: Privacy
Training of AI models requires massive amounts of data, some of which includes PII. There is
currently little insight into how the data is being collected, processed and stored which raises
concerns about who can access your data and how they can use it. There are other privacy concerns
surrounding the use of AI in surveillance. Law enforcement agencies use AI to monitor and track the
movements of suspects. While highly valuable, many are worried about the misuse of those
capabilities in public spaces, infringing upon individual rights to privacy.
Issue 3: Bias
There is another ethical concern surrounding AI bias. Although AI does not inherently come with
bias, systems are trained using data from human sources and deep learning which can lead to the
propagation of biases through technology. For instance, an AI hiring tool could omit certain
demographics if the data sets used to train the algorithm contained a bias against a particular group.
This could also have legal implications if it leads to discriminatory practices.
Issue 4: Security
Security remains a top priority when it comes to AI (and really any branch of computer science). Lax
security can have a wide-ranging impact. For example, AI is susceptible to malicious attacks which
can compromise outcomes. The Cyber security Infrastructure and Security Agency
(CISA) references documented instances of attacks leadings to misbehaviours in autonomous
vehicles and the hiding of objects in security camera footage. Experts and governmental entities are
urging for more security measures to limit potentially negative effects.
Issue 5: Explainability
It’s not enough to simply put AI tools out into the world and watch them work. It can be particularly
important to understand the decision-making process with certain AI applications. In some cases, it
can be difficult to understand why certain AI tools came to conclusions. This can have sizeable
implications, especially in industries such as healthcare or law enforcement where influencing
factors must be considered, and real human lives are at stake.
Issue 6: Accountability
The increasing prevalence of AI in all industries means that we use AI tools to make decisions daily.
In cases where those decisions lead to negative outcomes, it can be difficult to identify who is
responsible for the results. Are companies on the hook for validating the algorithms of a tool they
buy? Or do you look to the creator of an AI tool? The quest for accountability can be a deep rabbit
hole which can make it difficult to keep people and companies accountable.
Issue 7: Deepfakes
The usage of deepfakes creates ethical concerns. Deepfakes are now able to circumvent voice and
facial recognition which can be used to override security measures. One study even showed that a
Microsoft API was tricked more than 75% of the time using easily generated deepfakes. Other
ethical challenges arise when it comes to impersonation. The usage of deepfakes to sway public
opinion in political races can have far-reaching implications. There is also concern over whether
deepfakes could be used to influence the stock market if a CEO were believed to be making
decisions or taking actions that were considered questionable. With no oversight and easy access to
the software, the abuse of deepfakes presents a significant security gap.
Issue 8: Misinformation
Misinformation has a way of creating social divides and perpetuating untrue opinions to the
detriment of organizations and others. A topic that gained scrutiny in the context of the political
upheaval seen in recent years, misinformation can affect public opinion and cause severe reputational
damage. Once misinformation becomes widely shared on social media, it can be difficult to
determine where it originated and challenging to combat. AI tools have been used to spread
misinformation, making it appear as though the information is legitimate, when it is in fact not.
Issue 9: Exploitation of Intellectual Property
A recent lawsuit against ChatGPT involving several popular writers who claim the platform made
illegal use of their copyrighted work has brought attention to the issue of AI exploitation of
intellectual property. Several authors, including favorites as Jodi Picoult and John Grisham, recently
sued OpenAI for infringing on copyright by using their content to train their algorithms. The lawsuit
further claims that this type of exploitation will endanger the ability of authors to make a living from
writing. This kind of exploitation has owners of intellectual property concerned about how AI will
continue to impact their livelihoods.
Issue 10: Loss of Social Connection
While AI has the potential to provide hyper-personalized experiences by customizing search engine
content based on your preferences and enhancing customer service through the use of chatbots, there
is concern that this could lead to a lack of social connection, empathy for others and general well-
being. If all you see on social media are opinions that reinforce your own, you’re unlikely to develop
a mindset that allows you to empathize with others and engage in actions for social good.
Issue 11: Balancing Ethics With Competition
New technologies present companies, tech giants and startups alike, with a particular challenge
because there is a constant race to innovate. Often, success is determined by a company’s ability to
be the first to release a particular technology or application. When it comes to AI systems, companies
often aren’t taking the time to ensure their technology is ethically designed or that it contains
stringent security measures.
What are the three types of bias?
Three types of bias can be distinguished: information bias, selection bias, and confounding. These
three types of bias and their potential solutions are discussed using various examples.
Benefits of Artificial Intelligence
1. Reduction in Human Error
One of the biggest benefits of Artificial Intelligence is that it can significantly reduce errors and
increase accuracy and precision. The decisions taken by AI in every step is decided by information
previously gathered and a certain set of algorithms. When programmed properly, these errors can be
reduced to null.
2. Zero Risks
Another big benefit of AI is that humans can overcome many risks by letting AI robots do them for
us. Whether it be defusing a bomb, going to space, exploring the deepest parts of oceans, machines
with metal bodies are resistant in nature and can survive unfriendly atmospheres. Moreover, they can
provide accurate work with greater responsibility and not wear out easily.
3. 24x7 Availability
There are many studies that show humans are productive only about 3 to 4 hours in a day. Humans
also need breaks and time offs to balance their work life and personal life. But AI can work endlessly
without breaks. They think much faster than humans and perform multiple tasks at a time with
accurate results. They can even handle tedious repetitive jobs easily with the help of AI algorithms.
4. Digital Assistance
Some of the most technologically advanced companies engage with users using digital assistants,
which eliminates the need for human personnel. Many websites utilize digital assistants to deliver
user-requested content. We can discuss our search with them in conversation. Some chatbots are
built in a way that makes it difficult to tell whether we are conversing with a human or a chatbot.
5. New Inventions
In practically every field, AI is the driving force behind numerous innovations that will aid humans
in resolving the majority of challenging issues.
For instance, recent advances in AI-based technologies have allowed doctors to detect breast cancer
in a woman at an earlier stage.
6. Unbiased Decisions
Human beings are driven by emotions, whether we like it or not. AI on the other hand, is devoid of
emotions and highly practical and rational in its approach. A huge advantage of Artificial
Intelligence is that it doesn't have any biased views, which ensures more accurate decision-making.
7. Perform Repetitive Jobs
We will be doing a lot of repetitive tasks as part of our daily work, such as checking documents for
flaws and mailing thank-you notes, among other things. We may use artificial intelligence to
efficiently automate these menial chores and even eliminate "boring" tasks for people, allowing them
to focus on being more creative.
8. Daily Applications
Today, our everyday lives are entirely dependent on mobile devices and the internet. We utilize a
variety of apps, including Google Maps, Alexa, Siri, Cortana on Windows, OK Google, taking
selfies, making calls, responding to emails, etc. With the use of various AI-based techniques, we can
also anticipate today’s weather and the days ahead.
9. AI in Risky Situations
One of the main benefits of artificial intelligence is this. By creating an AI robot that can perform
perilous tasks on our behalf, we can get beyond many of the dangerous restrictions that humans face.
It can be utilized effectively in any type of natural or man-made calamity, whether it be going to
Mars, defusing a bomb, exploring the deepest regions of the oceans, or mining for coal and oil.
10. Medical Applications
AI has also made significant contributions to the field of medicine, with applications ranging from
diagnosis and treatment to drug discovery and clinical trials. AI-powered tools can help doctors and
researchers analyze patient data, identify potential health risks, and develop personalized treatment
plans. This can lead to better health outcomes for patients and help accelerate the development of
new medical treatments and technologies.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
1. High Costs
The ability to create a machine that can simulate human intelligence is no small feat. It requires
plenty of time and resources and can cost a huge deal of money. AI also needs to operate on the
latest hardware and software to stay updated and meet the latest requirements, thus making it quite
costly.
2. No Creativity
A big disadvantage of AI is that it cannot learn to think outside the box. AI is capable of learning
over time with pre-fed data and past experiences, but cannot be creative in its approach. A classic
example is the bot Quill who can write Forbes earning reports. These reports only contain data and
facts already provided to the bot. Although it is impressive that a bot can write an article on its own,
it lacks the human touch present in other Forbes articles.
3. Unemployment
One application of artificial intelligence is a robot, which is displacing occupations and increasing
unemployment (in a few cases). Therefore, some claim that there is always a chance of
unemployment as a result of chatbots and robots replacing humans.
For instance, robots are frequently utilized to replace human resources in manufacturing businesses
in some more technologically advanced nations like Japan. This is not always the case, though, as it
creates additional opportunities for humans to work while also replacing humans in order to increase
efficiency.
4. Make Humans Lazy
AI applications automate the majority of tedious and repetitive tasks. Since we do not have to
memorize things or solve puzzles to get the job done, we tend to use our brains less and less. This
addiction to AI can cause problems to future generations.
5. No Ethics
Ethics and morality are important human features that can be difficult to incorporate into an AI. The
rapid progress of AI has raised a number of concerns that one day, AI will grow uncontrollably, and
eventually wipe out humanity. This moment is referred to as the AI singularity.
6. Emotionless
Since early childhood, we have been taught that neither computers nor other machines have feelings.
Humans function as a team, and team management is essential for achieving goals. However, there is
no denying that robots are superior to humans when functioning effectively, but it is also true that
human connections, which form the basis of teams, cannot be replaced by computers.
7. No Improvement
Humans cannot develop artificial intelligence because it is a technology based on pre-loaded facts
and experience. AI is proficient at repeatedly carrying out the same task, but if we want any
adjustments or improvements, we must manually alter the codes. AI cannot be accessed and utilized
akin to human intelligence, but it can store infinite data.
Machines can only complete tasks they have been developed or programmed for; if they are asked to
complete anything else, they frequently fail or provide useless results, which can have significant
negative effects. Thus, we are unable to make anything conventional
Tick (✓) the correct option:
1. Which of the following uses AI systems?
(a) Security (b) Surveillance (c) Both a & b (d) None
2. Which of the following has come to partnership to frame the best practices on AI technologies?
(a) Apple (b) Amazon (c) Facebook (d) All of these
3. How many research institutes are currently at Oxford University that mainly focus on AI Ethics?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
4. What is Artificial Intelligence?
(a) Making a Machine Intelligent (b) Putting your intelligence into computer
(c) Playing a game (d) Programming with your own intelligence
5. Amazon chatbots are available effectively for
(a) Only three hours (b) Only six hours (c) All days (d) Once a year
6. Which of the following is not a type of AI bias?
(a) Perceptive (b) Incomplete data (c) People (d) Program