Chapter 2
Microorganisms- Friends and Foes
1. If your mother makes curd from milk at home and leaves it at room temperature for a
long time it turns sour.
a) Why the curd turns sour?
b) What brings about the formation of curd?
2. Micro organisms are found everywhere, justify.
3. ‘Virus is an enigma of biology’, justify.
4. A farmer visited his fields where he was growing wheat crop. On looking closely he
observed that some of the plant parts had rust coloured orange coloured patches on
them.
a) Name the disease by which wheat plants were infected.
b) Write the name of the causative organism.
5. Name two disease caused in animals by microorganisms that can infect human
beings when they come in contact of infected animals.
6. Complete the given table
S. Methods of Prevention Diseases that may be prevented
N
1 Vaccination
2 Malaria, dengue
3 Proper disposal of waste and
using disinfected water
4 Ringworm and athlete’s foot
7. Ravi had vegetable cutlets from a street vendor on Monday evening. On Tuesday
morning when he got up he was getting cramps in his abdomen, was having nausea
and was vomiting.
a) Name the possible disorder he was suffering from.
b) What could be the reason from showing these symptoms?
c) Name the organisms that could be responsible for causing this disorder.
8. Define the following terms
a) Bio augmentation
b) Immunity
c) Vaccine
d) Food preservation
e) Communicable disease
9. Complete the given statements
a) Diseases like ________ and __________ can spread through direct or indirect
contact with a patient.
b) Disease causing microorganisms are known as___________.
c) Whenever microorganisms invade our body, they multiply inside our body and
release ___________ called __________ in our body.
d) __________ identify and destroy disease causing organisms.
e) A __________ produces immunity to a disease by stimulating the production
of________________.
f) Some bacteria and blue-green algae or cyano bacteria are _____________________.
g) Bacteria and fungi are common _________ which help in replenishing the nutrients
back to the ecosystem.
h) ____________ are extremely effective in treatment of various microbial infections
i) _____________ and ___________ are diseases caused by bacteria in cattle.
10. What is the principle on which all the food preservation methods are based on?
11. I bought a can of pineapple from a store and when I was about consume it I observed
that can was puffed. Suggest should I consume the food present in the can? Give
reason for your answer.
12. Many microbes cause different diseases in all living organism still we cannot afford
delete them from the environment, justify.
13. Name the pandemic which has brought the whole world to stand still since the end of
year 2019.
a) Name the causative organism responsible for it.
b) What are different modes by which this organism spreads?
c) What precautions should be taken by people to protect themselves from this
pandemic?
14. Complete this Methods of Preservation Food preserved by the
method
Drying
Food
Preservation
Heat and cold
treatment
Freezing
15. Give reasons
a) Vinegar is used in the manufacture of pickled products.
b) Jams and jellies are usually preserved by addition of sugars.
c) Cyano bacteria are added in the rice fields.
16. Micro organisms are important for maintaining human health, how?
17. How can microorganisms be used in agriculture?
18. Name the four groups bin which microorganism are divided on the basis of cell
structure.
19. What are Cryophiles? Where do you find it?
20. How is alcoholic beverage made by microorganism?
21. What are the different modes of transmission of microbes that cause disease in
human beings?
22. Complete the given table
S.N Microorganisms Diseases caused
1 Tuberculosis, diphtheria, Cholera,
tetanus, typhoid
2 Viruses
3 Ringworm, athlete’s foot
4 Protozoans
23. Name the disease that are transmitted by following animals
a) Anopheles mosquito
b) Aedes mosquito
c) Plague
24. How does pasteurisation helps in preservation of milk?
25. Give an examples of each
a) Disease caused by virus in plant
b) Disease caused by bacteria in plant
c) Disease caused by fungus in plants