What is an Array?
An array is a collection of elements (like numbers or characters)
stored under a single variable name, and each element is accessed
using an index. Part 1: 1D Array (One-Dimensional Array)
A 1D array is like a list of items in a row. Example:
Marks = [10, 20, 30, 40]
Index 0 1 2 3
✅ Syntax:
Language Syntax
Python arr = [10, 20, 30]
C++ int arr[3] = {10, 20, 30};
Java int[] arr = {10, 20, 30};
✅ 1. [LeetCode 1480] Running Sum of 1D Array
� Compute cumulative sum
Python
def runningSum(nums):
for i in range(1, len(nums)):
nums[i] += nums[i - 1]
return nums
C++
vector<int> runningSum(vector<int>& nums) {
for(int i = 1; i < [Link](); i++)
nums[i] += nums[i - 1];
return nums;
Java
int[] runningSum(int[] nums) {
for (int i = 1; i < [Link]; i++)
nums[i] += nums[i - 1];
return nums;
✅ 2. [LeetCode 1929] Concatenation of
Array
Duplicate array into one
Python
def getConcatenation(nums):
return nums + nums
C++
vector<int> getConcatenation(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<int> res = nums;
[Link]([Link](), [Link](), [Link]());
return res;
Java
int[] getConcatenation(int[] nums) {
int[] res = new int[[Link] * 2];
for(int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
res[i] = nums[i];
res[i + [Link]] = nums[i];
return res;
}
Part 2: 2D Array (Two-Dimensional Array)
A 2D array is like a grid or table — an array of arrays.
Example (2 rows × 3 columns):
arr = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]
✅ Syntax:
Language Syntax
Python arr = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
C++ int arr[2][2] = {{1,2}, {3,4}};
Java int[][] arr = {{1,2},{3,4}};
1. Print all elements (row-wise)
Python
arr = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]for row in arr:
for val in row:
print(val, end=" ")
print()
C++
int arr[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
cout << endl;
Java
int[][] arr = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++)
[Link](arr[i][j] + " ");
[Link]();
2. Sum of all elements
Python
arr = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
total = sum(sum(row) for row in arr)print("Sum:", total)
C++
int sum = 0, arr[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
sum += arr[i][j];
cout << "Sum: " << sum;
Java
int[][] arr = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};int sum = 0;for (int[] row : arr)
for (int val : row)
sum += val;
[Link]("Sum: " + sum);
3. Transpose of matrix
Python
arr = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
print(arr[j][i], end=" ")
print()
C++
int arr[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
cout << arr[j][i] << " ";
cout << endl;
}
Java
int[][] arr = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
[Link](arr[j][i] + " ");
[Link]();
4. Find maximum element
Python
arr = [[5, 7], [2, 9]]print("Max:", max(max(row) for row in arr))
C++
int arr[2][2] = {{5, 7}, {2, 9}}, max = arr[0][0];for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
if (arr[i][j] > max) max = arr[i][j];
cout << "Max: " << max;
Java
int[][] arr = {{5, 7}, {2, 9}};int max = arr[0][0];for (int[] row : arr)
for (int val : row)
if (val > max) max = val;
[Link]("Max: " + max);
5. Count even & odd numbers
Python
arr = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
even = odd = 0for row in arr:
for val in row:
if val % 2 == 0: even += 1
else: odd += 1print("Even:", even, "Odd:", odd)
C++
int even = 0, odd = 0, arr[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
arr[i][j] % 2 == 0 ? even++ : odd++;
cout << "Even: " << even << ", Odd: " << odd;
Java
int[][] arr = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};int even = 0, odd = 0;for (int[] row : arr)
for (int val : row)
if (val % 2 == 0) even++;
else odd++;
[Link]("Even: " + even + ", Odd: " + odd);