KGF COLLEGE OF DENT AL SCIENCES

QUESTIONS
FOR II YEAR BOS. :ff(, C Lt"( I Cll l. OPe-'2Af 1 I/(:

I • Define op .
2 Wh erative dentistry
· at are the di . · ·
3. Palmer syst fferent tooth numbering system
4. FDI systemem and advantag~s & disadvantages.
5 Am . · advantages & disadvantages
· Wh~nc~ dental association
6·
? 7 Wh1ch. 1s d mas t commonly used system
. at is secondary caries
· ·
8 · I ncipient ·
or irreversible caries
9 · Cavitated or irreversible caries.
1O. Attrion. n its causes
11. Abra~on and its causes
12. Eroyon and its causes
13. Ab fraction and its causes · ·
14. How do u differentiate a white opaque lesion of enamel hy-poplasia fro
dental caries
15. Define cavity preparation
16. .How n1any line and point angles are present in class l & 2ca·vity
17. .Define line & point angle
..rr 18.
19.
.Define cavosurface angle
Dr. [Link] classification of cavity preparation
20. Primary dentine
21. Secondary dentine
22. Tertiary dentine
23. Define dental caries
24. Senile caries
25. Defme dental plaque
26. Theories of dental caries .
. Most accepted theories of dental canes
27
28. Etiology of dental caries
9. Chemicoparasitic theory
2
 30. Chelation th -2-
3 l. Moct1·fi d eory
• ie key
32. Primary and I 's triad
.
33. Zone of nodified factors in etiology of dental caries
34. Zone of denamel caries
3S . ental caries
· Difference b t .
36. Ca. · e ween mfected and affected dentine

""'
i!:
7
· Wh_at
Iles detection method
a:e rematerializing agent
3 ln<lications of pit and fissure sealants
St eps in cavity preparation
4 o· Def ine outline form
4
1. ~at _ is initial depth of cavity preparation
4 2.
Pnnc1ples followed in outline form preparation
43 -.
Wh at sho uld be the clearance between the gingival seat
1n clas s 2 prep arat ion and adjacent toot h
44 • Cle aran ce betw een gingival seat and proximal box
45. Ena mel opla sty
46. Res ista nce form
4 7. Fea ture s of resi stan ce form
48. Fea ture s of rete ntio n form
49. I-!ow is rete ntio n form ach ieve d for a com pos ite resi n
rest orat ion
r-j O. Min ima l thic kne ss req uire d for ama lgam rest orat ion
5I. Def ine con ven ienc e form
52. Sec ond ary resi stan ce and rete ntio n form
53. Am alg am pin
54. RDT
55. Defme cavity varnish give example
56. Define cavity liner give example
5 7. Thickness of cavity liner
58. Function of cavity liner
59. Defme cavity base give example
60. 1 1ickness of cavity base
1. Thickness of cavity varnish
 -3-
62. Contraindication of cavity varnish
63. Function of cavity base
64. Pulp protection agents l
65. What is sub-base
66. What are the procedures where calcium hydroxide can be used
67. Direct pulp capping
68. Indirect pulp capping
69. Which are the high strength bases
70. Where should be the base be applied on gingival seat and why'?
71. Classify instruments.
72. Mention the parts of a hand of instruments.
73. What is G.V. Blocks system of instrument nomenclature.
74. What is an instrument formula 3 and 4 digit both?
75. Give example of a hand instruments which has 4 digit formula.
76. Which instrument for using soft caries?
77. Which instrument is used for breaking contact in proximal caries?
78. What is Gl'v1T?
79. How is GMT different from enamel hatchet?_
80. What are the uses of GMT?
81. How is a mesial and distal GMT identified?
82. What are the different shank angles?
r 83. What are the different instrument bevels?
84. What are the different instrument motions?
85. What is a chisel?
86. Name different types of chisel.
87. What is an angle former?
88. Name the types of sharpening devices.
89. Which instrument is used for randing up the axiopulpul cine angl
class II preparation?
90. What are the different types of speeds?· .
91. What are the different types of h · nd pieces'?
92. What is a dental bur and its pa1ts.
93. Classify dental burs.
 -4-
t are th e di ffe re nt n1ate ria ls us ed in manufacturing burs?
94. Wha
. W l1 at are the di ffe re nt bu r sl1apes and its uses?
95
es and its uses.
96. What are the different bur shap
What are tl1e standard bur sizes
.
97.
98. W11at is rate angle and types?
99. W11at is a clearance angle?
100. What is a blade angles.
condenser? .
101. What are the different types of
amalgam curvers?
102. What are the different types of
burnishers?
103. What are the different types of
instrument grasp?
104. What are the different types of
105. Define matrix.
106. Functions of matrix. ..
its ty pe s.
107. What is a retainer and used in class II amalgam cav1t1es
es an d re tain er
108. What are the matric
109. What are tl1e wedges?
110. Functions of wedges.
111. Types of wedges
2. W ha t sh ou ld be th e length of wedge? -:
11
W here shou ld be the w edge placed. ,.:,
113.
114. Wedging techniques.
115. What is separator?
116. Methods of separators.
hods?
117. What are the slow separation met d devices?
e rapid sepa ration m ethods an
118. What are th
s?
119. What is light transmitting wedge
positions?
120. What are the different operator
tion?
121. What should be the patient posi

,
..
 KGF COLLEGE OF DENTAT <;C'IENCES

DEPARTMENT OF CONSER VATI Vt DbNTISTRy

1 D fi J)(' -'3 .. 1" L
f./\f'\ICQ,p,1...., , \JII/ P. 1,.1\J<: ,.,l(,r1',
· e me amalgam.
2. Define dental amalgam.
3· Define trituration.
4· Define condensation.
5· Define carving.
6- ~~fin_e precarve burnishing and post carve burnishing.
7· C_assify dental amalgam alloy. •
8- Co~position of Low copper amalgam, Admixed amalgam and
Umcompositional amalgam.
9. Wh~t are mercury free amalgam alloy's.?
10. Which alloy has been used as an alternative to mercury in an algam?
I [Link] is Eame's technique?
[Link] the Self sealing ability of amalgam ?
[Link] is Mercuroscopic expansion?
14. What is Delayed expansion?
15. What is the ciinical significance of delayed expansion?
16. \Vhat is ditching of amalgam?
17. W'nen should silver amalgam restoration be polished?
18. What is the aormal condensation pressure for amalgam?
[Link] are the types oftrituration?
20. What is a Preproportioned alloy?
[Link] creep.
[Link] is the compressive and tensile strength of Low copper, Admixed
and Unicompositional amalgam?
23 .How does a normal mix, under triturated and over triturated mix of
Amalgam appear?
24. What are the advantages of a Mechanical amalgamator?
25. What is the ADA specification of amalgam alloy and mercury and
how should mercury appear according to the specification?
26. What is mulling?
27. What are the objectives achieved by condensation of amalgam?
[Link] is the condensation pressure for admixed and spherical amalgam
29. What is mercury toxicity?
[Link] are the Mercury hygiene recommendations or the OSHA
Regulations for mercury hygiene?
...J).,_~ 1"a. \0-..N"it"-- °"'-0 G:ivvo~,o" ~
 i. -2-
31. What is the sett' .
Unicom . . mg reaction of Low copper, Admixed and
32 W . pos1t1onal amalgam?
33. hat_ is Amalgam cry?
Wh 1s
34 .What . Bo nded amalgam restoration?
· at ts amalgam tattoo?
· dental cements ·
35 ·Cl asSify
[Link]. do yo u come to know · that you have achieved a luting
consistency?
.
[Link]. do yo u come to kn ow that you have achieved a base
consistency?
38 · What are tooth colored restorations?
39 .What is the composition ofGIC?
40. Which cement is called as "man made dentin"?
41. What is Anhydrous GIC?
[Link] the setting reaction of GIC?
43. What is the mixing time, working time and setting time of GIC?
44. What is tightly bound and loosely bound water?
45. What is the bonding mechanism of GIC to the tooth?
[Link] GIC and Zinc polycarboxylate cement how does all other
cements bond to the tooth?
[Link] the physical, mechanical and biologic properties of GIC?
48. What are the unique features of GIC?
49. What are the modifications of GIC?
[Link] the types of GIC.
51. What is resin modified GIC.
52. What is the difference between silver alloy and cermet?
[Link] the uses of GIC.
54. What are adhesive cements?
55. What are used for manipulation of GIC and why?
56. What does the glossiness of the GIC mix indicate?
57. When do we come to know that the GIC cement has set and cannot be
used?
58. What is the composition and setting reaction of Zinc phosphate
cement?
59. What is the mixing time, working time and setting time of Zinc
phosphate cement?
[Link] the manipulation of Zinc phosphate cement?
[Link] the . I 1 .
[Link] zinc pl P or Lll1C phosphate cement
63. Why sho~~~p~:tc ~ h!~h strength or low strength base?
why do u div'd 1~1~ Zinc phosphate cement over a larger area and
[Link] tl1 ; e ~t into so many increments?
phosph t e P 1Ys1 cal, mechanical and biologic properties of Zinc
65 ·What .ts the com . ·
a e cement?
66 Wh . phosphate cement?
ptess1ve strength of zmc
. the uses of Zinc
67 ·WI at arc · phosphate cement?
· . ? zmc polycarboxylate cement is preferred over zinc phosphate
1
c1m1cally?
[Link] is the co • of Zmc
· reaction • polcarboxylate
mpost·t·ton and settmg
cement?
69 ·What is the mixing time, working time and setting time of Zinc
polcarboxylate cement?
[Link] the manipulation of Zinc polcarboxylate cement?
[Link] the physical, mechanical and biologic properties of Zinc
polcarboxylate cement?
[Link] does zinc polycarboxylate cement bond to the tooth?
73. What are the uses of Zinc polycarboxylate cement?
[Link] is he Ph of calcium hydroxide cement?
75.\Vhat are the uses of calcium hydroxide cement?
[Link] is the mechanism of reparative dentin formation by calcium
hydroxide cement?
77 .Explain the antibacterial affect of calcium hydroxide.
[Link] what forms are calcium hydroxide cement supplied?
79. What is the composition and setting reaction of Zinc oxide eugenol
cement?
80. What is the mixing time, working time and setting time of Zinc oxide
eugenol cement?
[Link] the manipulation of Zinc oxide eugenol cement?
[Link] the physical, mechanical and biologic properties of Zinc
oxide eugenol cement? . .
[Link] du u achieve the luting consistency and restoration consistency
of ZOE?
84. What are the Modifications of ZOE?
[Link] are the uses of ZOE?
86. What is resin cement?
87. What are the types of direct filli?g ~ol~? . . d?
88. What are indications and contramd1cattons of direct fillmg gol .
 89 . Whu1 ·
9() WI Iii clcgassinp?
( • HI( Hrc the in ' •
9 l. De fin e c ~thocls of ckgus~ing?
92 Cl , .. 0111 P0 s1tc rci;in.
. <I Ss lf y CO1l •
1
93 Wh, . P<>s1te resins
.. .
. ,It ts the co
111 0
94 , Wh"~.t ,tire the ncl P stllon of composite
.
resin and function ,..of each?
.
95 ' WI1Ut .I S 1101 vantages
' ·
and d1 sadvantagc5 of compo51te!
96 WI · Ytne nzat1on shrinkage?
' 1Ut arc th , d'1 rr · ·
h .
s nnkagc? c 1
crcnt methods to overcome polymenzat1on

!~·What arc Oowable and packable composites?

- ·w
99 Why ~o
1
00.
10 l.
102.
Y~u bui Id composite resin in increments?
· hat 1s acid etching?
What are the Etchants used?
What is a Primer?
Define bonding agent.
103. Classification of bonding agent.
104. How are resin tags formed?
105. What is a hybrid layer?
I 06. What is a smear layer?
107. What are the different types of light cure units used?
 ~ l' -~ t0 r,.ep .re rri.a1m ,, JJ•. ... ts
• L"sed for a.7..iculatim::. a::id fla..- ""!!' .::- p;o-.:t\i ......~

\:. f R:it,o: o_.;5._., 5n

Setv..rg Time: S-1~ [Link]
Se,t'ng fa.;>[Link]: 0....!.%
~an:ifact..i.-ing Process: The gypsum when gro'l!::.d rui~ STI.~-=~( ,(' a t~~~,r•, .-..3 -·c.
m ~ k,::ttle kept opt:n to G1e air. dental pla..~er 15 fo:ared.
C1mpn:ss1w strength: l 300p5i

3. D«!ntal Swne (fype IID

Composiuon: a - (.:alciurn sulfate hen:iliycirate

Cses
• Csec ~J prepare master final casts on which the pros-.t~-is is ro~-:::'i!::t;:.'\:i
• l:sed as a binder in gypsum bonded [Link].u.: ma,e;ial

\V/P Ratio: 0.28-0.30

S.;tting Time: 8-16 minutes
p-;- Setting Expansion: 0.06-0. l 0%
~{[Link] Process: It is manufactured bt dfr:!!g o~t \\".[Link] rrom g:o;-~ u:rc.:icr
pressure and presence of water vapocr at 125 C for 5- - seconds.
Compressive strength: 3000 psi

4. High Stren~h [Link] Stone {Die Ston<')

Composition:
Cses: Used to prepare dies
\V'P RatJo: 0.22-0.24
SerLing Time: 8-16 minutes
Setting Expansion: 0.10%
Compressive Str~ngth: S?OO psi _ _ _ . __ , .; .,.J 1:i,
?\lanufacture Process: It 1s manutacturcd trom gypswn. ll s
1 got when gypst::.! i:, ,..l,un~ ·
boiling it in 30% calcium chloride solution and th~ 1.:l-Jorides ~ w~t:,hed -'\\J~
 t unct1011 \\ eight ~0 1
( omponrnl I:;
~oluhlc Alg1n le.:.
P1 11~~11i11 Alg111atc 16
"...1lc•u111 Sultatc .. RcaLtor
t- r,, lier PJrt1clcc. j
£
_
line Oxide
-
l'otassrnm 1,tamum rlouride
/\ c;clerator
- -
~ --1.
60
~
.. Diatonrnccou-;-Earth ~~ Filler Pnrticl~ ~ - -
t ~odium Phosphate~ _ _,__R_c_tarder_ 2-
[Link] · . · ·
110
r r preparing study or diagnostic
• It 1s the best matenal to make 1mpress1on
casts
• To make impression for acrylic removable partial dentures ~
• To take impression for orthodontic purposes . .
• As a final impression material for inlay, crown, bndge construction although
there are other materials available

Advantages
• Easy to mix and manipulate
• Minimum of equipment and less expensive
• Comfortable for the patient
• Hygienic as fresh material is used for every patient
• Hydrophilic- most tissues are not a problem

Disadvantages
• Not accurate enough for making final impressions.
• Dimensionally unstable
• Distortion may occur without being obvious if not handled well.
• Irreversible
• Poor shelf life
• Metallic dies are not possible

W/P Ratio: 15 grams to 40 ml of water

Gelation Time: Fast set- 1.25- 2 minutes
Normal set- 2.5 - 4 minutes
Mixing Time: 45-60 seconds
Disinfectant: I% immersion in sodium hypochloride or 2% gluteraldehyde

6. Agar-Agar

Composition:

Component Function Composition %

A£ar Brush Heap Structure 13-17
Borates Strength 0.2-0.5
 9
SLI 1 fat,.:, ,
~ '' ,,,u 1 I t~1r 11 , ,. 0-2 0
\\ t.\( h,1rn J
·
I 1111 "<01 1np1~
' d:c, [n'i-lO
~,f l'L ·1••'
' \\'.i•cr ' '
, ~h d ·,,~, I () ~ -0 °'
'{C,k"[lllll lvfl!dtlllll llnl,111cc

• r\s a cluplicat111g niatcnal

• To make tmprcss1ons ft -, LI .
and b 'd · · nr tcmovau c partial c..lcnlurc construction and crown
n ge work

Advantages
• Elastic impression material
• Accurate when handled well
• Can be reused - especially as a duplication material

Disadvantages
• Dimensionally unstable
• Poor tear resistance
• Meta~lic dies can't be poured with these impressions
• Requrres special equipment & trays & careful control of the material
• Patient may complain of pain and discomfort in the teeth due to thermal
shock

Gelation time 3-5 minutes

7. Polvsulfide

Composition:
'2,A {. f.
~paste Accelerator paste
Polysulfide polymer with fillers Lead dioxide or Copper hydroxide

Uses
As final impression material in the construction of crowns & bridges, cast
removable partial dentures and complete dentures

8. Addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane)

Composition:
f1.A.S£
~paste Accelerator paste
Polymethy hydrogen Divinyl polydimethy / siloxane filiers
and chloroplatinic acid catalyst
siloxane

Uses: . & b ·ages cast

As final impression material in the constructton of crowns n '
removable partial dentures and complete dentures
 :J
I, Pol~ clhlll

( '111PllSJll )Jl -

!\~_.,r
l¼w. p,1:-tc
_ ___
_
f-Polvcthcr pol)·mcr with
JD - - 1c~o
,\ccc t r p·1stc
dichloro hcnzcnc
•. , • octyl phalatc - -
-- -
-' · .- ~fonatc the

Ltil_!crs & plast1c12cr

J
__ t- - -1 -
111nnc

Uses:
, , .· I ·11 the constrnclion of crowns & bridges, cast
:\s final impression male! ia 1 lcte dentures
removable parttal dentures at1 d comp

10. Impression compound / modeling plastic

ADA Specification No.3
Composition:
• Thennoplastic material - natural /
• synthetic resins & waxes Oo/c
...,. about 47%
• Fillers - talc _ about 5 °
• Plasticizers - stearic acid gutta-percha- about 3%
• Coloring and flavouring agents
Classification
• TYPe I
Impression compound (medium fusing)
• TYPe II
Tray compound (high fus~g)
•
• Fusion temperature is 43.'s 0 c
• Glass transition temperature is 39°C
Advantages
• Reversible in the same patient
• High viscosity- enables the full depth of the sulcus to be recorded
• Easy to manipulate
• Good shelf life
• Economical

Disadvantages:
• Don't register very fine details
• Mucocompressive material - compresses the soft tissues
Uses:

• Used to take primary impression of edentulous patient

11. Green Stick Compound / High fusii!g

ADA Specification No.3
 " ' l Rt.\.
• \,\ 1 \

• Ste Uac acid

II r ,ltunct C0tounn - .1gc
Properties·

• Highly viscous , ·h ft d .
• Hi h fu . v en so ene and more ng1d when hardened
g si ng compound - softens at high temperature
Uses:

• For border moulding of special tray

• To record the depth of the vestibule
• Single tooth impression
• Impression of an edentulous mouth made with this material can be used
as a tray for making final impression

12. Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression paste

Classified as rigid, irreversible edentulous impression material

ADA Specification No.16

Composition
• Zinc oxide - 87% ➔controls the reaction rate, S.T.& strength
• Fixed vegetable or mineral oil - 3% ➔ Acts as a plasticizer and masks
the action of eugenol as an irritant

Accelerator Paste
• Oil of cloves or eugenol- 2% ➔Reacts with Zinc oxide
• Gum rosin - 50% provides smooth homogenous mix
• Fillers (silica, talc, kaolin) - 20% Give body to the mix to facilitate
border moulding, strengthen the set mass
• Resinous Bal;am - 10% Increases the flow
• Accelerators (CaCll, Zinc acetate) - 5%

Properties
Setting time:
Initial Final
Type I (hard paste) 3-6 mins 10 mins
Type II (soft paste) 3-6 mins 15 mins

Mixing time: 30-40 seconds

T ypes:
Type I - Hard paste
Type II - Soft paste
 r nt l' r, , '

r..,., I
I ! l
• 11~1l111g ,. ti ',r·
( cl,..,tufC"
~
1
111111H' I J]
• i crnp<ll tH)' re :.i

• f ri ''""b1lJ1,c ba-~ pl i
. (decrease S. f.J
factors affect mg S. 1· hurniditY •
• High temperature and enol before m1x1ng
d d to cug
• A drop of water ad c
· c acetate
• Small amount of 2111

factors affecting S.T. (increase s.T.) tula

d
• Cooling of glass slab ar1 / Pa rt oil or petrolatum
O
• Adding a small amount me
• Less of accelerator paste

Advantages . . dimensionally stable

• Registers surface details well and is und resin or shellac
• Adheres well to the dried surface of any tray compo '
• Has sufficient body and working time. •al if done carefully
• Minor defects can be corrected by addmg maten '

Disadvantages .
• Requires special trays for making impress10n
• Inelastic - may fracture in case of undercuts
• Burning sensation of eugenol, in some patients

13. Heat cure denture base resin

ADA Specification No.12

Composition:
Poly (MMA) resin systems consist of powder and liquid components

Powder
• PrepoJymerized spheres of poly (MMA)
• Benzoyl peroxide - initiator
• Dyes
• Zinc and titanium oxide
• Dibutyl phthalate
• Dyed organic fibre
• Isocyanide particles, glass fibres or beads
• Whiskers, alumina, silicon, carbide, boron nitride

Liquid
• Unpolymerized MMA
 I I

I fl
I I LI.._ ,
l ,llll!)I
i"ll 'll <l
''liL-t u, n ° mg tccl,111quc
1l"IJ I l
l().(
cc rn1quc
f>olymcr rvr
ono111~r
I->oJymcr rc1t10 3 I
monomer int~ .
• S ct action 5 stages
andy
• S tringy
• Dough
• Elasti c or rubbc
• Stiff ry

Uses:
• Fabrication of denture base
• Preparation of acrylic teeth

14. Cold cure Acrylic resin

Powder
• Prepolymerized spheres of Poly (MMA)
• Benozyl peroxide 0.3-1.5%
• Dyes - traces
• Zinc & titanium oxide
• Dtbutyl phthalate
• Dyed organic fibres
• Isocyanide particles, glass fibres or beads
• Whiskers: alumina, silicon carbide, boron nitride

Liquid
r •
•
Unpolymerized methyl metacrylate
Hydroquinone
• Glycol demethacrylate
• Tertiary amine

Properties
• Material is porous
• Residual monomer is more (3-5%)
Less molecular weight and lesser strength - KHN is 16-18
•
• Uses chemical activator

Manipulation: 5 techniques
• Sprinkle on technique
• Dough adaptation technique
• Fluid resin technique
 \, ·1 JI .,,
, C' 111.:1 k c ~p.: ' en ur •
k I • 11 , • I ',,
fl> rn 1 ~ ~ l . .ir,I (l:~
qi ,11 L
• l
fu,1,J.:e,'L I
. · " matcn a .
e As a re Iullllc- ' -ar)' cro wr1s and b ri c1gcs
• To prcpJrC tcmpor ·c appliance;
• TCl prepare orthod<~ntr
• Denture bascmatcnal

15. Separating media

Composition:
• Sodium alginate 2%
• Disodium phosphate O.?%
• Benzoic acid 0.3%
• Glycerine 4%
• Alcohol 7%
• Water 86%
Failure to place an appropriate separating media may cause / uses
• Water to pass from the mold to the denture base resin affecting its
polymerisation, optical and physical properties
• Monomer or dissolved polymer to soak the mold surface and the
investing medium becomes fused to the denture base resin

Types of repeating media

• Tin foil was the first used separating medium
• Nowadays the tin foil substitutes or paint on type are used. These are
cellular lacquers, solutions of Alg compounds, soaps or starches

16. Acrylic resin teeth

Composition

Powder:
• PrepoJymerized Poly (MMA)
• Benzoyl peroxide or debutyl 0.5 _ 1.5%
• Dyes - traces
• Zinc and titanium oxide
• Debutyl phthalate
• Dyed organic fibers
• Isocyanide particles, glass fibres or beads
 • I (_II ,
I'
1, l Ol Ulllun

lJo;;;!,; • C.,I ii d [Link] rvl

• l·N la l>nc.1t1 011 of P•• ' t ' dcr,turc

! 7. T iss• u. e £_o nd1honl'I'

. .

Composition
• Pi:cpo ly mcri,-cd poly (MMA)
• l li g h m o lecul ar weight
• Ac1y l1 c cstcrs60-80or0
Uses
• It acts as a shock absorbct
• F? r patients with severe undercuts of n dgc
• Tissue treatments of oral surgery

18. Denture

Composition
• Prepolymerized poly (MMA)
• Benzoyl peroxide or di-isobutyl azonitrate 0.5 - l .5%
• Dyes - traces
• Zinc & titanium oxide
• Dibutyl phthalate
Dyed organic fiber or synthetic fiber
•
Isocyanide particles, glass fibres or beads
• Whiskers: alumina, silicon carbide, boron nitrade
•
Liquid
• Unpolymerized MMA
• Hydroquinone ➔ < 0.1 %
• Glycol demethacrylate
Uses
• Used to prevent loss of chewing efficiency
• Used to stimulate natural gum, tissues us closely as possible

19. Gypsum bonded investment

Composition
Functions
Ingredient % Regulates thermal expansio~
60-65 Binder - forms coherent solid
Silica quartz 30-35
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate mass and refractory
 I I
\II tl1: ph ..,, ' ,, I
', lid '
, ' ; tt .. 1g ti it
> l j u 1h)I " 1
I l,l
'
1t11 nsphi.:r<.: 111 h', , ,'d

;i f'01 'asting gold ,t!t )''" anu nthc 1 lo\\ 111clt1ng ,illoys
• t-\s d soldering 1.1. ~-~t,"Cl'

lO. Phosphate bonded investment

Composition
Powder
• Refractory - silica 80%
• Binder - MgO and a phosphate
• Carbon - to allow easy separation of investment of producing clean
castings

Liquid
• Colloidal silica or H{O

Uses
• Light melting alloys like base metal alloys
• For casting metal ceramic alloys
• For casting gold a:lloys
• In case of castable ceramics

/21. Inlay wax

Types
• Type I Medium wax - used for direct technique
• Type II Soft wax - used for indirect technique

Composition
Ingredient % Functions
Paraffin wax 40-60 To establish melting point
Gum [Link] IO Improves smoothness in molding; increases
resistance to cracking & flaking
Camauba wax 25 Decreases the flow at mouth temperature

• Candellila wax - can replace camauba wax as it imparts the same qualities
• Synthetic waxes - can replace carnauba wax and they improve working
properties

Properties
Flow% requirements as per ADA Sp. No.4
 -
T her, 11 1I f)ropcrt1~,
fh~y h l\, '·1 hioj,
{) 70 ' • have
< a poor th
f
o . enc fic1cnt of thcrm
" t
P lihl->' 111 .1 '1 l111c,1r.:: panswn ot'
-- - _J
. cnnnl conductivity _J
Distortion - di1

Causes
.
nens1onat change
·~
-=-_J
• Softening of wax not um. form lea I t O II . . _J
when released can c . . ( s co cct10n of mtcrna\ stresses, which
•
It . ause d1stort10n due to elastic memory
s I 1111erent thermal behavior
_J
• Delay in inves fmg o f the pattern can result in distortion _J
Uses
• To make patterns for .::ab
1• · t·m g cas t·mgs o f mlays,
nca • crowns, bridges, etc.

22. Modeling base plate wax

Composition
• Ceresin 80%
• Bees wax 12%
• Carnauba wax 2.5%
• Natural or synthetic resin 3%
• Micro crystalline or Synthetic wax 2.5%

Uses
• Make patterns for orthodontic appliances
• To make occlusal rims
• To check various articulating reactions in mouth and transfer them to
mechanical articulator

23. Stickv wax

Composition
• Yellow bees wax
• Rosin
•Natural resins such as gum dammar

Uses .c · d to stabilize
It is used for joining broken parts of a denture be1ore repair an
• components of a bride before soldering
 \\ I

--
I hc1 n ii PH•J'-:r,, ..,

l
"'l'\ '1 l\, •.
)
I.
ll11g h coc fftc1, •
7 " 11"' c ll ponr ti lcnn aClh
''

ol thcrm al t:xp I"' ,

, i

I
-
l cond u c t1 \ ity I' l • llil!,l.' '- ,pan,-;on ot ---
Dis tortion .
- l 1m1cns1 , c I1angc
· 011·1l
Causes
• SoCtcni ng or .
· of internal stresses which
c not uni [Link] lead
w 11cn rel easedwax ' s t O co II cctton
• Its inherent tl1e an cl abusl c d~stortton clue to elastic memory ,
nna e1av1or
• Delay in invcs t'mg Of the pattern can result in distortion

Uses
• .
.· . castings
To make patterns fo.1 f;abncatmg .
of mlays, crowns, bridges, etc.

22. Modeling base plate wax

Composition
• Ceresin 80%
• Bees wax 12%
• Camauba wax 2.5%
• Natural or synthetic resin 3%
• Micro crystalline or Synthetic wax 2.5%

Uses
• Make patterns for orthodontic appliances

- •
•
To make occlusal rims
To check various articulating reactions in mouth and transfer them to
mechanical articulator

23. Sticky wax

Composition
• Yellow bees wax
• Natural
Rosin
resins such as gum dammar
•
Uses It is used for joining broken parts of a denture before repair and to stabilize
• components of a bride before soldering
 1111,; I\

ll I '

~-·· V til_if_y \\ ;!_X

( '0111pOSl!hlll
• Bees wu:-;
• Petrolatum . , . , 1,.0 1ortions
• Other soil waxes in \arying I I

. flanges 01 the poslerim [Link]

Uses . k . s by l!Xlcndmg l11e <
Used lO modify the stoc tray .
• • )r ·ss1ons
of the trays, to make bdtcr 11n1 c,;••

26. Pumice ponder

Composition - A \\ h1te powder, is a siliceous ma ten a o

·I r volcanic origin

Types
• Large particles used as abrasives
• Small particles used as polishing agents

Uses
• Used as a paste or powder to polish dentures und natural teeth

27. Sand paper

Uses: Used for final smoothening before polishing

28. Acrylic trimmer (metal)

Uses
• Acrylic trimmer is used for trimming panial denture or complete denture
• It is used for coarse finishing

29. Acn•lic trimmer (stone)

Uses
• It is used for trimming partial denture or complete denture
• Jt is used for fine polishing
 ' ' l, l II I
" I,\ [Link],1I \lPII II ii ,ll l•pp Id lllllll

[Link]:shinonurt
., " Iwd

Us1.'s
• lt is t1s1.:d \l) pnltsh
.
, , .
ll\1Wn & h1 ulgcs m,1dc ul !ilccl

Composition
High copper
• Silver 63 - 70%
• Tin 26-28%
• Copper 2-5%
• Zinc 0-2%

Low copper
• Silver 40-70%
• Tin 26-30%
• Copper 2-30%
• Zinc 0-2%

Admixed
• Silver 40-65%
• Tin 0-30%
• Copper 20-40%
• Zinc 0

Single composition
• Silver 40 - 60%
• Tin 22-30%
• Copper 13 -30%
• Zinc 0 - 4%

Uses
• Used as primary filling material in Class 1, Class II cavities and Class V
cavities where aesthetics is not a prime consideration
• In combination with metallic retentive pins to restore a crown
• For making dies
• Retrograde root canal filling
 Pl

, ,111,
• \,,H n~·,n1111 ,l\l
• t )tlwr ll\hk
l'.1_:. -li:-111u1h In''
• Stl11.',l

I 1quid
• Phn~phtll'll' ,ll:1d ~~ ') \,
• \\ ,lll'I
Jt,oo
• Aluminium lll' l inl' plh,~[Link].' 16 , 11 I)
• Aluminium l :;v v
• L inc
~·, I~\I
Uses
• Primnrily used us luting l'<.'tnl'llt
• Secondarily used in inlc-nn1.'dinlL' t\.'St\)ration
• Used ns n then11nl insulnting base

../ 3-t. Zinc oxide Ct!g_c1_t_o_l__

cc11tcnt

Composition
Powder
• Zinc oxide
69¾
• White rosin
29.3%
• Zinc stcnrate
l¾
• Magnesium oxide

Liquid
• Eugcnol
85%
• Olive oil
15%
Uses

• For tcmporaiy and intermediate rcstorntion

• As thcnnal insulating base
• Temporary and pcnnnncnt luting agent

v-35. Calcium hydroxide cement

Composition
Base plate
• Glycol sa)icyate 40%
• Calcium sulphate
• Titaniwn dioxide
 •

• Prin,- ·•
.... ' u~cd for pulp c
• He "1$ re, . nppmg nnd for lhcnn.1I 111sulntmg b,bc
l •lnlll\ e dt'ntm h,mrnt1on

P· Glass lonomer cemem

Compos1uon
Powder
• Silica
• Alumina
• Aluminium fluoride 1.6°,0
• Calcium fluoride 15.7°,0
• Sodium fluoride 9_3°,0
• Aluminium phosphate3.8°,o

liquid
• Polyacrylic acid in form of copolymer with etaconic acid maleic acid and
tricarboxylic acid '
• Tartaric acid
• Heater

Uses
• Primarily used for anterior restoration•as luting agent
C • As a cavity liner 1
• Pit and fissure sealant

./J.7. Polycarboxvlate cement

Composition
Powder
• Zinc oxide
• Magnesium oxide
• Other oxides like bismuth oxide and aluminium oxide - traces
• Stannous fluoride

Liquid
• Aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid or copolymer of acrylic acid with other
unsaturated carboxylic acid such as itaconic acid and maleic acid
 di
Il 1 '11 l ~Ii 6°
\lt,m1111um flu0n<lc 1.0°0
' 1k•u•n t,uoridc IS. 7r,n
• Sodium tluoridc 9 3~o
• Alumimum phosphate 3.8%

Liquid
• Hema
• Poly ac1ylic acid containing some mcthacrylate

Uses
•
•
•
• Tartaric acid

Primarily
. .
As cavity 1mer
Secondarily as pit and fissure sealant
group

used for anterior restoration as luting agent

..
a

AS, Bonding agent

Composition
• HEMA - Glutaraldehyde

46. Vita shade uide

Uses
•
•
Provide shade to tooth porcelain crown
Clinical matching of aesthetic restoration
•0
.../47. Spirit lamp of metal, glass and plastic

Uses
• For wax work
• Softening of impression compound

Uses methylated alcohol (spirit) as fuel

48. Bunsen burner

Uses
• For wax work
• Softening of impression compound