TASK 2- INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION

TỔNG QUAN
IELTS Writing Task 2 là phần viết bài luận về một chủ đề nào đó và yêu
cầu thí sinh phải phát triển các ý kiến của mình về chủ đề đó. Một số dạng
thường gặp bao gồm: Discussion essay, Opinion essay, Causes-
Problems-Solutions essay, Advantages-Disadvantages essay.
Mở bài (Introduction) và Kết luận (Conclusion) trong bài luận có vai trò
quan trọng đối với tiêu chí Task Response (Mức độ hoàn thành yêu cầu
đề). Mở bài giúp người đọc hiểu được vấn đề mà bài sẽ bàn luận và quan
điểm của người viết, còn Kết bài tóm gọn lại quan điểm đã nêu.
MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU HỎI TASK 2 THƯỜNG GẶP
1. If a product is good and meets customer needs, then people will buy it
and advertising is unnecessary. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Today children spend much time playing computer games and less time
on sports. Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative
development?
3. Some people say that advertising is extremely successful at persuading
us to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so common that we
no longer pay attention to it. Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion.
CÁC DẠNG BÀI WRITING TASK 2
Đề bài Writing Task 2 được phân thành hai nhóm chính: Hỏi về quan điểm
(Opinion-based) và Hỏi về thông tin (Fact-based). Mỗi nhóm gồm các
dạng câu hỏi thường gặp khác nhau:
QUESTIONS EXAMPLES

OPINION- • Scientific research should be

BASED carried out and controlled by
governments rather than private
companies. Do you agree or
Agree or disagree?
disagree • If a product is good and meets
customer needs, then people
will buy it and advertising is
unnecessary. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

Discuss both • Some people say that

views and advertising is extremely
give your successful at persuading us to
opinions buy things. Other people think
that advertising is so common
that we no longer pay attention
to it. Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.
 • Fossil fuels are the main
source of energy around the
world today. In some countries,
the use of alternative sources of
energy is replacing fossil fuels.
Is this a positive or negative
Advantages
development?
and
• Fossil fuels are the main
Disadvantages
source of energy around the
world today. In some countries,
the use of alternative sources of
energy is replacing fossil fuels.
Is this a positive or negative
development?

FACT- Causes - • Cyclists and car drivers

BASED Problems - sharing the same road cause
Solutions some problems. What are the
problems? What are the
solutions?

• People spend less time at

home than they used to. What
are the reasons for this change
 and what are the effects on
society and individuals?

Ngoài các loại câu hỏi trên, một số đề bài Writing Task 2 còn có thể kết
hợp cả hai dạng Hỏi về quan điểm (Opinion-based) và Hỏi về thông tin
(Fact-based) với nhau.
Đề bài:
Today children spend much time playing computer games and less time on
sports. Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative development?
Trong đó, câu hỏi Why is this the case? Hỏi về nguyên nhân của vấn đề đã
nêu, thuộc dạng Fact-based còn câu hỏi Is this a positive or negative
development? Hỏi về quan điểm cá nhân rằng sự thay đổi này là tích cực
hay tiêu cực, thuộc dạng Opinion-based.
EXERCISE 1: IDENTIFY TYPES OF THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS
Example:

Only government action can solve housing shortages in big

cities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? → Loại
Opinion-based - Dang Agree - Disagree

1. Many people go through life doing work that they hate or have no talent
for. Why does this happen? What are the consequences of this situation?
.................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
2. Whether or not a person achieves their aims in life is mostly related to
luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
.................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
3. More and more people are becoming seriously overweight. Some
people suggest that the solution to this problem is to increase the price of
fattening foods. Do you agree or disagree?
.................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
4. Many companies today sponsor sports as a way of advertising
themselves. Some people think that this is a good thing for the world of
sports. Others think this has disadvantages. Discuss both these views and
give your own opinion.
.................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
5. More and more people no longer read newspapers or watch TV
programs to get news. They get news about the world through the Internet.
Is this a positive or negative development?
.................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
6. Some cities have vehicle-free days when private cars, trucks and
motorcycles are banned from the city center. People are encouraged to use
public transportation such as buses, taxis and metro on vehicle-free days.
Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
.................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
MỞ BÀI & KẾT BÀI CHO TỪNG DẠNG CÂU HỎI
I. OPINION-BASED
A. DẠNG ADVANTAGES - DISADVANTAGES
Đây là dạng bài yêu cầu ta đưa ra lợi ích và bất lợi của một vấn đề. Có hai
hướng tiếp cận tương ứng với hai dạng câu hỏi như sau:
01. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
MỞ BÀI
Câu số 01: Giới thiệu chủ đề (TOPIC) bằng cách paraphrase đề bài.
 Cách 1: There has been a trend that (A - paraphrase đề bài)
 Cách 2: An increasing number of people have (A)
 Cách 3: (A - vấn đề trong bài) has increasingly become ...
Câu số 02: Câu quan điểm (Thesis statement)
 Cách 1: In my opinion, this situation represents a positive/negative
development
(to + somebody) ...
 Cách 2: In my point of view, this is a beneficial/detrimental
development ...
KẾT BÀI
 Cách 1: In conclusion, due to the above reasons, I strongly believe that
this phenomenon is a positive/negative development.
 Cách 2: In conclusion, I firmly opine that the above-mentioned
situation undoubtedly benefits / does harm to X and Y.
 Cách 3: In conclusion, the overall impacts on X and Y can clearly be
seen as a negative/positive development.
Ví dụ:
Đề bài: Advertisement is becoming more and more common in our
everyday lives. Is it a positive or negative development?
Mở bài: Advertising has increasingly become an integral part of our lives.
In my opinion, this situation represents a negative development to both
customers and providers.
Kết bài: In conclusion, the overall impacts on customers and providers
can clearly be seen as a negative development.
EXERCISE 2: COMPLETE THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTION
Some countries achieve international success by building specialized
facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that
everyone can use. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
Introduction:
There has been a trend that ........................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
In my opinion, ............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:
In conclusion, .............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
02. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
MỞ BÀI
Câu số 01: Giới thiệu chủ đề (TOPIC) bằng cách paraphrase đề bài.
 There has been much controversy about whether (A) brings more
benefits or drawbacks.
Câu số 02: Câu quan điểm (Thesis statement)
 In my opinion, this trend / situation is more advantageous to
[somebody]
(because of the aforementioned reasons)
 From my perspective, the drawbacks of this trend clearly
surpass/exceed its merits.
KẾT BÀI
In conclusion, it is apparent that (A - vấn đề) offers more advantages than
disadvantages.
Ví dụ:
Đề bài: Advertisement is becoming more and more common in our
everyday lives. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Mở bài: There has been much controversy about whether advertisement
brings more benefits or drawbacks. In my opinion, this situation is more
advantageous to both customers and providers.
Kết bài: In conclusion, it is apparent that advertisement offers more
advantages than disadvantages.
EXERCISE 3: COMPLETE THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTION
Being a celebrity, such as a famous film star or sports personality, brings
problems as well as benefits. Do you think the advantages of being a
celebrity outweigh its disadvantages?
Introduction:
There has been much controversy about whether.......................
....................................................................................................
In my opinion, ............................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:
In conclusion, .............................................................................
....................................................................................................
B. DẠNG AGREE-DISAGREE
Dạng bài này yêu cầu ta bàn luận vấn đề và nêu rõ bản thân đồng ý, không
đồng ý hay giữ quan điểm trung lập.
01. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
MỞ BÀI
Câu số 01: Giới thiệu chủ đề (TOPIC) đang được bàn luận bằng việc
paraphrase đề bài.
Cách 1: One school of thought holds that (A - ý kiến của đề bài).
Cách 2: Some people argue that (A - ý kiến 1) while others believe that (B
- ý kiến 2). Câu số 02: Câu quan điểm (Thesis statement)
Cách 1: Người viết hoàn toàn đồng ý hoặc hoàn toàn không đồng ý với ý
kiến của đề bài
From my point of view, I (totally strongly completely) oppose/support the
statement/former/latter (because ...).
Cách 2: Người viết đồng ý hoặc không đồng ý một phần (50/50):
Although (A) is justifiable to some extent, I personally lean towards (B).
KẾT BÀI
Với từng cách trả lời, người viết sẽ áp dụng các cách kết bài tương
ứng.
Cách 1: Người viết hoàn toàn đồng ý/không đồng ý với ý kiến của đề bài
In conclusion, I totally/completely agree/disagree with the idea that ... (due
to ...).
Cách 2: Người viết đồng ý/không đồng ý một phần
In conclusion, despite the benefits of A, I strongly support that (B) ...
because ...
Ví dụ:
Đề bài: A ban on all forms of advertising is beneficial to society because it
serves no useful purpose, and can even be damaging. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
Khi người viết hoàn toàn đồng ý:
Mở bài: One school of thought holds that every form of advertisement
should be prohibited as the impacts of which can be detrimental. From my
point of view, I totally support this statement because of the following
reasons.
Kết bài: In conclusion, I completely agree with the idea of banning
advertising due to its negative effects on children and teenagers.
Khi người viết đồng ý một phần:
Mở bài: One school of thought holds that every form of advertisement
should be prohibited as the impacts of which can be detrimental. In my
opinion, although a ban on advertising is justifiable to some extent, I
personally lean towards regulations on certain types of advertisements in
the media.
Kết bài: In conclusion, despite the benefits of banning advertising, I
strongly support that some certain forms of advertisement should be
allowed with appropriate regulations.
EXERCISE 4: COMPLETE THE INTRODUCTIONS AND
CONCLUSIONS FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Whether or not a person achieves their aims in life is mostly related to
luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction:
One school of thought holds that................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:
In conclusion, .............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
2. Only government action can solve housing shortages in big cities. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction:
One school of thought holds that................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Although ....................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:
In conclusion, .............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
C. DẠNG DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS
MỞ BÀI
Câu số 01: Giới thiệu chủ đề (TOPIC) đang được bàn luận bằng cách
paraphrase đề bài.
Cách 1: A number of people believe that (A - luồng ý kiến 1). However,
other contend that (B)
Cách 2: Some people argue that (A - ý kiến 1) while others believe that (B
- ý kiến 2)
Câu số 02: Câu quan điểm (Thesis statement)
Both viewpoints are valid, but I prefer/ lean towards (A)/(B).
KẾT BÀI
In conclusion, although both views are valid to some extent, I still opine
that (A)/(B)
Ví dụ:
Đề bài: Some people say that advertising is extremely successful at
persuading us to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so
common that we no longer pay attention to it. Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.
Mở bài: Many people argue that advertisements are currently too common
for customers to be influenced while making their purchasing decisions.
However, others still believe in the great effectiveness of advertising on
customers. Both viewpoints are valid, but I lean towards the latter.
Kết bài: In conclusion, although both views are valid to some extent, I
still opine that advertising has proven to be effective in engaging
consumers in buying items.
EXERCISE 5: COMPLETE THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTION
Many companies today sponsor sports as a way of advertising themselves.
Some people think that this is a good thing for the world of sports. Others
think this has disadvantages. Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion.
Introduction:
Many people argue that..............................................................
....................................................................................................
However, others argue that.........................................................
....................................................................................................
While both viewpoints are valid, I lean towards .......................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:
In conclusion, .............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
II. FACT-BASED
Dạng bài này đưa ra một vấn đề xã hội và yêu cầu ta phân tích nguyên
nhân, ảnh hưởng và giải pháp cho vấn đề đã cho. Cách hỏi trong dạng bài
này có thể khác nhau, nhưng đều yêu cầu phân tích các khía cạnh trên. Ví
dụ:
1. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their
country. Why is this the case? What are some solutions to change
negative attitudes?
 Đề hỏi về nguyên nhân và giải pháp của vấn đề.
2. Some students work while studying. This often results in lacking time
for education and constantly feeling under pressure. What are the causes
of this? What are the solutions to this problem?
 Đề hỏi về nguyên nhân và giải pháp của vấn đề.
3. Many people go through life doing work that they hate or have no talent
for. Why does this happen? What are the consequences of this situation?
 Đề hỏi về nguyên nhân và hậu quả của tình trạng đã nêu.
MỞ BÀI

Câu số 01: Giới thiệu chủ đề (TOPIC) đang được bàn

luận bằng cách paraphrase đề bài.

Cách 1: It is true that (paraphrase đề bài) ...

Cách 2: Some individuals hold the belief that (A) ...

Câu số 02: Câu quan điểm (Thesis statement)

There are a number of reasons behind this trend/situation,

and several solutions should be taken into account/adopted to
address/tackle it.

KẾT BÀI

In conclusion, although both views are valid to some extent,

I still opine that (A)/(B)

Ví dụ:

Đề bài: Many people believe that international tourism is a

 bad thing for their country. Why is this the case? What are
some solutions to change negative attitudes?

Mở bài: Some individuals hold the belief that opening doors

to international visitors has negative impacts on their nation.
There are a number of reasons behind this trend, and several
solutions should be taken into account to address it.

Kết bài: In conclusion, it is clear that there are various

reasons for this problem, and a range of approaches should
be adopted to solve it.

EXERCISE 6: COMPLETE THE INTRODUCTION AND

CONCLUSION FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTION
Some students work while studying. This often results in lacking time for
education and constantly feeling under pressure. What are the causes of
this? What are the solutions to this problem?
Introduction:
It is true that ...............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
There are a number of.................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:
In conclusion, .............................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE
I. MATCH INTRODUCTIONS WITH APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS
Questions Introduction

1. Education should be a. It is true that one of the

accessible to people of all most alarming problems over
economic backgrounds. All the globe has always been
levels of education, from global warming. There are a
primary school to tertiary number of reasons behind
education should be free. To this issue, and several
what extent do you agree solutions should be taken into
with this opinion? account to mitigate it.

b. It is true that some young

2. Some people believe that
learners have a short
children. should not be given
attention span and become
homework every day, while
disruptive in class. In my
others believe that they must
opinion, while I agree that
get homework every day in
excluding the students from
order to be successful at
the class is a good solution,
school. Discuss both sides
there are some better ways to
and give your opinion.
tackle this problem.
 c. There has been much
controversy about whether
3. Some educationalists think
overseas exchange trips bring
that international exchange
more benefits than drawbacks
visits will benefit teenagers at
to students in their teens.
school. Do the advantages
From my perspective, the
outweigh the disadvantages?
drawbacks of this trend
clearly surpass its merits.

4. Some people think that

d. A number of people argue
teachers should be able to ask
that it is necessary to give
disruptive children to leave
students daily assignments
the class. Do you think it is
after school while others state
the best way to deal with a
the contrary. Although both
disruptive child in the
viewpoints are valid, I prefer
classroom? What other
the former.
solutions are there?

5. In some countries, e. A number of parents

advertisers increase the believe that the great volume
amount of advertising which of advertisements targeting
tries to persuade children to young customers are placing
buy snacks, toys and other pressure on children while
goods. Parents object to such brands argue that their
pressure on children but advertising provides useful
 some advertisers claim that
there is useful information in information. While both
these advertisements. Discuss viewpoints are valid, I
both views and give your personally prefer the former.
opinion.

f. One school of thought

holds that learners, regardless
6. Global warming is one of
of their financial resources,
the most serious issues facing
should be able to access
the world today. What are
every level of education from
some of the causes of global
elementary education to
warming? What can the
colleges and universities
government and individuals
without paying tuition fees.
do to solve the problem?
In my opinion, I completely
agree with this

II. WRITE THE INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS FOR

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Nowadays, education overseas has become more accessible and
growing numbers of people send their offspring to study in other
countries. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
 Introduction:.........................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
2. Nowadays, people are able to use the internet to do an increasing
number of tasks.
Is this a positive or negative development?
 Introduction:.........................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
3. As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be
soon no role
for teachers in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 Introduction:.........................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Conclusion:................................................................................
....................................................................................................