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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
M.A./[Link]. Mathematics End Semester Examinations April 2023
Part I Semester I
MMATH18-104: Differential Equations
UPC: 223501104
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
Instructions: " Attempt five questions in all. Question 1 is compulsory.
" All question carry equal marks. " All notations have usual meaning.
(1) (a) If g(r) < 0 in the interval (1,T2), then any nontrivial solution (2 Marks
() of the equation y" + g()y = 0has atmost one zero in
(I1,a2).
(b) Determine the asymptotic behavior of the solution of following [3 Marks
system near the critical point:
| = I + e - 1, ÷ = -y -e +1.
(c) Consider the real valued function f(z, Y = (y + 1,1 + y) (2 Marks]
defined on R: lz| s 1,|Y|< 1. Compute an upper bound of
and a Lipschitz constant on R,.
(d) Write two elementary solutions of one-dimensional diffusion equa [2 Marks]
tion.
(e) Does there exist a solution of the equation (z?-4)y4) +2ry" + |3 Marks
ysin z = 0 with y(0) = 0, y(0) = l, y'(0) = 1, "(0) = -1?
If so, is the solution unique? What is thc interval in which it is
defined?
() Define the Green's function for two-point boundary value prob 2 Marks
lem.
(2) (a) Assume that u(r,y) satisfies the Laplace equation in a bounded [6 Marks
domain w and is continuous on S =wUB. Then show that u
attains its maximum on the boundary B of w.
(b) State and prove the existence and uniqueness theorenm for frst 8 Marks]
order initial value problem.
(3) (a) Suppose that g(x) > 0 and q() is continuous in the interval [4 Marks]
(0,o). Prove that every nontrivial solution of y" + ql)y = 0
has infinitely many zeros in (0, oo).
(b) Show that the solution matrix y is a fundamental matrix of (4 Marks]
system Y=A(t)Y if and only if (t)| 0for every te J.
(c) Solve by the. method of eigenvalues : y = y1 + 2y2 + e, (6 Marks]
3=y1 t y - 2e.
MMATHI8-104: Differential Equations 2
(4) (a) Let p(r). g) and f(¢) be continuous on (a, b]. Then prove that (6 Marks]
either the BVP Ly = f, Uilyl = u, Uzlul = B has a unique
solution for any given constants r andB, or else the assOC1ated
homogeneous BVP L|) = 0, U,u) - 0,Uzlul = 0 has a nontriv
ial solution.
(b) Find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the systen: (4 Marks)
y"+ 2y'+ (1- A)y = 0; y(0) = 0, y'(1) = 0.
(c) If the critical point (0,0) of the aSsociated linear system is (4 Marks]
strictly stable then show that critical point of the nonlinear sys
tem i = at + by+fi(a, y), o= cL + dy + g( ,y) is also strictly
stable provided that f = o(r) and g1 = o(r).
(5) (a) Determine the solution of Laplace equation for a sphere using [7 Marks
the Green's function.
(b) Use the Fourier transformation to determine the solution of 5 Marks)
Dirichlet problen for upper-half plane.
(c) Convert general wave equation in space form. (2Marks]
(6) (a) State and prove the Helmholtz's first theorem. (7 Marks]
(b) Find the Green's function for the BVP: (4 Marks]
ry t y= -f), y(1) = 0. lim,o ly(z)| < o.
(c) Derive the Lagrange identity for L[y =0and hence, deduce for [3 Marks
self-adjoint operator.
(7) (a) If the surface z = 0of the semi-infinite solid z >0 is maintained [7 Marks
at temprature (z, y, t) for t > 0, and if the initial temprature of
the solid is f(z,y,z), find the distribution of temprature in the
solid.
(b) Determine the solution of spce form of wave equation via Green's [7 Marks
function. Also using the suitable form of Green's function, ind
the solution of (2 + k) = 0for half space z > 0 when
(z, y. 0) = f(r,y).