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Transformers

A transformer is a passive electrical component that transfers energy between circuits through varying magnetic flux, as described by Faraday's law of induction. It can change AC voltage levels, provide galvanic isolation, and is essential for power transmission and distribution. Transformers vary in size and design, with their voltage and winding turns ratios being inversely proportional to the corresponding current ratios.

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4 views1 page

Transformers

A transformer is a passive electrical component that transfers energy between circuits through varying magnetic flux, as described by Faraday's law of induction. It can change AC voltage levels, provide galvanic isolation, and is essential for power transmission and distribution. Transformers vary in size and design, with their voltage and winding turns ratios being inversely proportional to the corresponding current ratios.

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game master
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© All Rights Reserved
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TRANSFORMERS

In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy


from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any coil of
the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a
varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical
energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection
between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced
voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil

Transformers are used to change AC voltage levels, such transformers being termed step-up or
step-down type to increase or decrease voltage level, respectively. Transformers can also be used
to provide galvanic isolation between circuits as well as to couple stages of signal-processing
circuits. Since the invention of the first constant-potential transformer in 1885, transformers have
become essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of alternating current electric
power. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power
applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in
volume, to units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect the power grid.

The windings are wound around a core of infinitely high magnetic permeability so that all of the
magnetic flux passes through both the primary and secondary windings. With a voltage source
connected to the primary winding and a load connected to the secondary winding, the
transformer currents flow in the indicated directions and the core magnetomotive force cancels
to zero.

According to Faraday's law, since the same magnetic flux passes through both the primary and
secondary windings in an ideal transformer, a voltage is induced in each winding proportional to
its number of turns. The transformer winding voltage ratio is equal to the winding turns ratio.[7]

An ideal transformer is a reasonable approximation for a typical commercial transformer, with


voltage ratio and winding turns ratio both being inversely proportional to the corresponding
current ratio.

The load impedance referred to the primary circuit is equal to the turns ratio squared times the
secondary circuit load impedance.

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