[OBJECT COUNTR] SEMESTER - V
NOV - 2023
Department of
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Ramakrishna
Mission Shilpamandira
(A Self-Financed Polytechnic)
SUBMITTED BY:
PRITAM BISHWAS ROLL - 03
PRIYOTOM HAZRA ROLL - 08 GUIDED BY: RAHUL
SUDIP NEYOGI ROLL - 17 MONDOL
ABHRANIL ROY ROLL - 19
JOYDEEP DAS ROLL 24
CETIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “OBJECT COUNTER” has
been completed and submitted to Ramakrishna Mission Shilpamandira,
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Diploma degree
in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering for the session 2021-
24.
..………………………. …………………………..
RAHUL MONDOL (GUIDE) GOPIKANANDAN PAL (DCO)
..………………………. ..……………………….
(External Examiner) (Internal Examiner)
CONTENT
Sl no. Topic Page no.
1. Introduction & Motivation 01
2. Components 02-04
3. Circuit Diagram 05
4. Working 06
5. Algorithm & Flowchart 07
6. Program Code 08-09
7. Methodology 10
8. Implementation 11-12
9. Future Scope 12
10. Conclusion 12
INTRODUCTION
For making this we are using an Arduino UNO development board and an IR sensor
module.
We are also using a 16×2 LCD to display the total counts. The IR sensor emits and
receives infrared rays in order to detect the object near it. Usually, in the infrared
spectrum, all objects radiate some form of thermal radiation which is not detected by
human eyes but for making this we are using an Arduino UNO development board and
an IR sensor module.
We are also using a 16×2 LCD to display the total counts. The IR sensor emits and
receives infrared rays in order to detect the object near it. Usually, in the infrared
spectrum, all objects radiate some form of thermal radiation which is not detected by
human eyes but an
Motivation
Industrial conveyors belt counting object System, the aim of the project is to
count number of object passed through conveyors belt automatically. It saves man-
power and time. In this project we are using LDR and LASER as a sensors, controller, LCD
display and DC motor. However, in this project work on the basic principle of IR
Transmitter and IR Receiver. For count number of objects IR Transmitter and IR Receiver
are used and according to their output objects count. The control circuit is designed
using micro-controller. The outputs of count value compare with operational amplifier
and are fed to micro-controller. The output of the micro-controller issued to drive the
LCD display, so that the number of objects can be displayed.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
SL NO APPARATUS NAME QUANTITY COST(₹)
1 IR Transmitter 1 10
IR Receiver 1 10
2 Arduino NANO 1 180
3 5V DC Motor 1 20
4 16x2 LCD display 1 150
6 Veroboard 1 20
7 Jumper Wire 15 15
8 USB A to Mini USB Cable 1 30
TOTAL 435 /-
Component Description
IR Emitter (Transmitter): An infrared (IR) transmitter is a device that emits infrared
light, which is a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible
light. IR transmitters are commonly used in various applications, including remote controls,
proximity sensors, and communication systems.
Key characteristics of an IR transmitter include:
Emitter Diode: The core component is an infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) that converts
electrical energy into infrared radiation.
Wavelength Range: IR transmitters typically operate in the infrared spectrum, which spans
wavelengths from approximately 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter. The specific wavelength used
depends on the application.
Modulation: In many applications, IR transmitters modulate the emitted infrared light.
Modulation involves varying the intensity of the infrared light in
a specific pattern. This modulation is often used for encoding
information in applications like remote controls.
IR Photodiode (Receiver): An infrared (IR)
photodiode is a semiconductor device that detects infrared
light by generating a photocurrent when exposed to photons in
the infrared spectrum. It is the counterpart to an infrared
transmitter, which emits infrared light. Here are key features of
IR photodiodes:
Semiconductor Material: IR photodiodes are typically made from semiconductor materials
such as silicon or gallium arsenide. The choice of material depends on the specific wavelength
range to be detected.
Photocurrent Generation: When exposed to infrared light, the semiconductor material in the
photodiode absorbs photons. This absorption creates electron-hole pairs, generating a
photocurrent proportional to the intensity of the incident infrared light.
Microcontroller (Arduino Nano): The Arduino Nano is a compact microcontroller
board designed for projects that require a small form factor. Here are the key specifications of
the Arduino Nano:
Microcontroller: The Arduino Nano is powered by an Atmel ATmega328P microcontroller
running at 16MHz. It has 32KB of flash memory, 2KB of SRAM, and 1KB of EEPROM.
Operating Voltage: It operates at 5V, making it compatible with a
wide range of sensors, actuators, and other electronic components.
Input Voltage: The recommended input voltage is 7-12V, but it can
handle input voltages between 6-20V.
Digital I/O Pins: It features 14 digital input/output pins, which can
be configured for various functions such as digital input, digital
output, or PWM output.
Analog Input Pins: The Nano has 8 analog input pins, allowing for analog sensor interfacing.
PWM Pins: There are 6 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) pins, which are useful for applications
like controlling the brightness of LEDs or the speed of motors.
Dimensions: The Arduino Nano has a compact form factor, measuring approximately 18.5mm
x 43.2mm.
LCD Display : A 16x2 LCD display refers to a Liquid Crystal
Display with a grid of 16 columns and 2 rows, allowing for the
display of 16 characters per row. This type of LCD is commonly used
in electronic projects for presenting textual information. Here are
key features and specifications of a 16x2 LCD display:
Size: The display consists of 16 characters in each of the 2 rows,
making a total of 32 characters.
Character Size: Each character is typically made up of a 5x8 pixel matrix, which allows for the
representation of alphanumeric characters, symbols, and some custom characters.
DC Motor: A 5V DC motor is an electric motor designed to operate on a direct current (DC)
power supply with a voltage rating of 5 volts. Here are key features and characteristics of a 5V
DC motor:
Voltage Rating: The motor is specifically designed to be powered by a
5-volt DC power source. This makes it compatible with common power
supplies like USB ports or batteries.
Operation: DC motors convert electrical energy from the power source
into mechanical rotational motion. In the case of a 5V DC motor, the rated voltage is applied to
generate the intended motion.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Working
This project counts the number of objects that pass in front of the IR sensor.
The value of the total counts or the count number is displayed on a 16×2 LCD
display module.
The system has an emitter which is an IR LED and a detector which is an IR
photodiode. The IR sensor that we are using in this project is an active IR sensor.
Whenever it detects an object inside its range the output generated by it is high
otherwise the output is low. You can also adjust the range of the sensor by
rotating the inbuilt trim pot. The count is zero initially and then incremented by
one whenever something passes in front of it. IR sensor can detect it.
Algorithm
Step 1: The Power is supplied to the Microcontroller and the other peripherals.
Step 2: The IR transmitter then start emit the infrared light to the IR receiver.
Step 3: Now when an object cuts the direct path between the IR transmitter and receiver the
microcontroller reads a value from the IR receiver.
Step 4: The total object count data is then displayed to the 16x2 LCD display
Flowchart
start
Arduino Nano
IR Transmitter
Object
IR Receiver
Display
End
PROGRAM CODE
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // including the library for driving the display
LiquidCrystal lcd(3,4,5,6,7,8); //initializing the pins
int ReadPin = A0;
int count = 0;
bool lock;
bool temp;
void setup(){
[Link](9600);
[Link](16, 2);
}
void loop(){
int ReadValue = analogRead(A0);
[Link](ReadValue);
/* The rest code block is for converting the analog value to digital */
if(ReadValue < 900){
temp = 0;
lock = 0;
}
else {
temp = 1;
}
/* Code for counting the objects*/
if (temp == 1 && lock ==0){
count++;
lock = 1;
}
/*Code to display the result*/
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("Total box Count");
[Link](0,1);
[Link]("-> ");
[Link](count);
delay(50);
[Link]()
METHODOLOGY
COMPONENTS SETUP :
1. Gather the required components including arduino Uno, servo motor and
PIR sensors and power supply.
2. Set-up the arduino NANO environment by installing Arduino IDE and
adding Arduino nano board to the IDE.
3. Connect the Servo motor and IR Transmitter & Receiver sensor control pins
with arduino nano. Ensure correct is chosen for connecting the
components.
4. Organize and secure all wiring connections, ensuring a tidy arrangement.
5. Archive the desired balance and weight distribution by arranging the
components appropriately.
IMPLEMENTATION
Gather the components: -
1) Arduino nano
2) IR Transmitter
3) IR Receiver
4) Jumper wires
5) 5v dc Motor
6) 16x2 LCD Display
7) Veroboard
Design the Hardware: -Attach the IR sensors to the chassis and then
install the dc motor on Conveyor belt and attach it with the chassis.
Upload Program: -Write the program in arduino IDE and upload in the
arduino nano. Include required libraries for easier programming.
TEST and Calibration: -After attaching and completing the chassis and
all components, check the working and calibrated IR sensitivity.
Finalize the Project: -Secure all the components and belt in the chassis
and motor movements.
RESULT: -
1. All modules are effectively moving and taking readings.
2. The dc motor is working well for air flow
3. Code is running without problem
FUTURE SCOPE
Future developments may focus on optimizing power consumption
to extend the lifespan of the device. This could involve using low-power
components, implementing sleep modes, or incorporating energy harvesting
techniques. Future systems may offer more customization options and scalability
features.
CONCLUSION
At last from this project we came to know about the possible errors we can face
as well as a simple auto tracking fan model which after some modification and
advancement can be a revolutionary product in IOT section. We hope to offer this
product to consumers with as cheap price as possible.