Mechanics of Materials

Lecture-31- Lecture 32

Prof. Amar Gaonkar

O 𝑑𝛿 𝛿
P
𝛿
x
𝛿1
𝑈U
=න= 𝑃𝑑𝛿
0

P dx = total work = strain energy
P 0

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Schlumberger-Private
Potential Energy
𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐

𝜹𝟏
𝜹𝟐

𝜹𝒏
𝜹𝟑
𝑷𝒏
𝑷𝟑
𝜹𝟒
𝛿1 𝛿2 𝛿3 𝛿𝑛
𝑈 = න 𝑃1 𝑑𝛿1 + න 𝑃2 𝑑𝛿2 + න 𝑃3 𝑑𝛿3 + ⋯ + න 𝑃𝑛 𝑑𝛿𝑛
0 0 0 0
𝑷𝟒
𝑛 𝛿𝑖
𝑈 = ෍ න 𝑃𝑖 𝑑𝛿𝑖
𝑖=1 0

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Schlumberger-Private
Complementary Energy
 When the point of application of a variable
P
force P undergo a displacement u then the
work is known as complementary work
A
𝑃
𝑈 ∗ = න 𝑢 𝑑𝑃
dp 0

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Schlumberger-Private
Complementary Energy
𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐

𝜹𝟏
𝜹𝟐

𝜹𝒏
𝜹𝟑
𝑷𝒏
𝑷𝟑 𝜹𝒊
𝜹𝟒
𝑷𝒊 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃3 𝑃𝑛
∗
𝑈 = න 𝛿1 𝑑𝑃1 + න 𝛿2 𝑑𝑃2 + න 𝛿3 𝑑𝑃3 + ⋯ + න 𝛿𝑛 𝑑𝑃𝑛
0 0 0 0
𝑷𝟒
𝑛 𝑃𝑖
∗
𝑈 = ෍ න 𝛿𝑖 𝑑𝑃𝑖
𝑖=1 0

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Schlumberger-Private
Complementary Energy
𝑷𝟏
 Consider a small increment Δ𝑃𝑖 to
𝑷𝟐
the load 𝑃𝑖
𝜹𝟏
𝜹𝟐
Δ𝑈 ∗ = Δ𝑃𝑖 𝛿𝑖

Δ𝑈 ∗
= 𝛿𝑖
𝜹𝒏 Δ𝑃𝑖
𝜹𝟑
𝑷𝒏
𝜹𝒊 Δ𝑈 ∗
𝑷𝟑
𝜹𝟒 lim = 𝛿𝑖
ΔPi →0 Δ𝑃𝑖
𝑷𝒊

𝑷𝟒 𝜕𝑈 ∗
= 𝛿𝑖
𝜕𝑃𝑖

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Schlumberger-Private
Castigliano’s Theorm
 In case of external forces acting on a system subjected to
deflections which are small, if the total complementary energy
(𝑈 ∗ ) of the elastic system is expressed in terms of the loads,
the in-line deflections at any particular loading point is
obtained by differentiating 𝑈 ∗ w. r. t. the load acting at that
point.

𝜕𝑈 ∗
= 𝛿𝑖
𝜕𝑃𝑖

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Schlumberger-Private
Strain Energy
P

1
𝑈 ∗ = 𝑃𝛿
2

1
𝑈 = 𝛿𝑃
2

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Schlumberger-Private
Strain Energy for Elastic System
1
𝑑𝑈 = 𝑃𝛿
2

1
𝜎𝑥 𝑑y 𝜎𝑥 𝑑𝑈 = (𝜎𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧)(𝜖𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
2
𝑑z
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑈 = 𝜎𝑥 𝜖𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
2

1
𝑈=න 𝜎𝑥 𝜖𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 2

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Total Strain Energy

1
𝑈=න (𝜎𝑥 𝜖𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜖𝑦 + 𝜎𝑧 𝜖𝑧 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝛾𝑥 + 𝜏𝑦𝑧 𝛾𝑦 + 𝜏𝑥𝑧 𝛾𝑧 ) 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 2

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Schlumberger-Private
Strain Energy in Rod

1
𝑈=න 𝜎𝑥 𝜖𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 2

1 𝜎𝑥
𝑈=න (𝜎𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 2 𝐸

2
1 𝑃 1
𝑈=න 𝐴 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐴 𝐸

1 𝑃2
𝑈=න 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐴𝐸

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Strain Energy
• Elastic energy due to Axial Force:
1 𝑃2
𝑈=න 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐴𝐸
• Elastic energy due to Bending Moment:
1 𝑀2
𝑈=න 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐸𝐼
• Elastic energy due to Torque:
1 𝑇2
𝑈=න 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐺𝐽
• Elastic energy due to Shear Force:

1 𝑉2
𝑈=න 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐴𝐺

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Fictitious Method
P

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Modified Castigliano’s Theorm
𝜕U
= 𝛿𝑖
𝜕𝑃𝑖

For Bending Problems

1 𝑀2
𝑈=න 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 2 𝐸𝐼

𝜕U 𝜕 1 𝑀2 𝜕U 𝜕 1 𝑀2
= න 𝑑𝑥 =න 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝑙 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝑙 𝜕𝑃𝑖 2 𝐸𝐼

𝜕U 𝑀 𝜕𝑀
=න 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝑙 𝐸𝐼 𝜕𝑃𝑖

Modified Castigliano’s theorm

Schlumberger-Private