Exercise 17.

1. Evaluate the following:

(i) 14
(ii) 12

O T IS
(iii) 35
N A D
CO N
(iv) +1
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
(i) 14
ED PR

Let us use the formula,

!
=
! !

= 14 and =3
©

So now, value of
!
=
! !
!
14 =
! !
!
14 =
! !
D

!
14 =
! !
× × × !
=
! !
× ×
=
×
= 14 × 13 × 12
= 364

(ii) 12
Let us use the formula,
!
=
! !

O T IS
So now, value of = 12 and = 10
N A D
CO N
!
=
! !
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!
12 =
! !
!
12 =
ED PR

! !
!
12 =
! !
©

× ×
=
! !
×
=

= 6 × 11
= 66
D
(iii) 35
Let us use the formula,
!
=
! !

So now, value of = 35 and = 35

!
=
! !
"!

O T IS
35 =
"! " " !
"! N A D
=

CO N
"! !
O UC AA
T IO
PY
#$ %& , 0! = 1
=1
ED PR

(iv) +1
©

Let us use the formula,

!
=
! !

So now, value of = + 1 and =

!
=
! !
( !
+1 =
D

! ( !
( !
=
! !
(
=

= +1
2. )* +,-. = +,/ , find the value of n.
Solution:
We know that if 0
= then one of the following conditions need
to be satisfied.
(i) 1 = 2
(ii) =1+2
=

O T IS
So from the question 0
, we can say that
12 ≠ 5 N A D
CO N
So, the condition (ii) must be satisfied,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
n = 12 + 5
= 17
ED PR

∴ The value of n is 17.

3. If +,6 = +,/ , 78+9 -.,+ .

©

Solution:
We know that if ;
= <
, then one of the following conditions need to
be satisfied.
(i) p = q
D

(ii) n = p + q
So from the question =
= >
, we can say that
4 ≠6
So the condition (ii) must be satisfied,
=4+6
 = 10
Now, we need to find 12
we know the value of n so, 12 = 12
Let us use the formula,
!
=
! !

= 12 and = 10

O T IS
So now, value of
!
=
! !
N A D
CO N
!
12 =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
! !
!
=
! !
ED PR

× × !
=
! !
×
=
©

= 6 × 11
= 66
∴ The value of 12 = 66.

4. If +,-? = +,-. , find .@,+ .

D

Solution;
We know that if ;
= <
then one of the following conditions need
to be satisfied.
(i) p = q
(ii) =1+2
So, from the question = 0
, we can say that
10 ≠ 12
So, the condition (ii) must be satisfied,
= 10 + 12

O T IS
= 22
Now, we need to find 23 N A D
CO N
We know the value of n so, 23 = 23
O UC AA
T IO
PY
00

Let us use the formula,

!
=
ED PR

! !

So now, value of n = 23 and r = 22

!
=
©

! !
!
=
! !
× !
=
!

= 23
∴ The value of 23 = 23.
D

00
5. If .6,A = .6,.AB@ , 78+9 A.
Solution:
We know that if ;
= <
, then one of the following conditions need
to be satisfied.
(i) p = q
(ii) =1+2
So from the question 24 = 24 , we can say that

O T IS
C 0CB

N A D
CO N
Let us check for condition (i)
D = 2D + 3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2D − D = −3
D = −3
ED PR

We know that for a combination , ≥ 0 r should be a positive

integer which is not satisfied here,
©

So, the condition (ii) must be satisfied,

24 = D + 2D + 3
3D = 21

D=

D=7
D

∴ The value of x is 7.

6. If -G,A = -G,AB. , find x.

Solution:
We know that if ;
= <
, then one of the following conditions need
to be satisfied:
(i) p = q
(ii) =1+2
So from the question 18 C
= 18 CB0
, we can say that
D ≠D+2

O T IS
So, the condition (ii) must be satisfied,
18 = D + D + 2 N A D
CO N
18 = 2D + 2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2D = 18 − 2
2D = 16
ED PR

I
D=

=8
©

∴ The value of x is 8.

7. if -J,@K = -J,KB@ , find r.

Solution:
We know that if ;
= <
then one of the following conditions need
D

to be satisfied.
(i) p = q
(ii) =1+2
So from the question 15 = 15 B
we can say that
Let us check for condition (i)
3 = +3
3 − =3
2 =3

We know that for a combination , ≥ 0, r should be a positive

integer which is not satisfied here,

O T IS
So, the condition (ii) must be satisfied.
15 = 3 + + 3 N A D
CO N
15 − 3 = 4
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4 = 12

=
ED PR

=3
∴ The value of r is 3.
©

8. If -G,K − L,@ = L,. , find r.

Solution:
To find r, let us consider the given expression,
8 −7 =7
D

8 = 7 0+ 7
We know that + B
= +1 B

8 =7+1 0B

8 =8
Now, we know that if ;
= <
, then one of the following conditions
need to be satisfied:
(i) p = q
(ii) =1+2
So from the question 8 = 8 , we can say that
Let us check for condition (i)

O T IS
r=3
Let us check for condition (ii)
8=3+ N A D
CO N
=5
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴ The values of ‘r’ are 3 and 5.
ED PR

9. If -J,K : -J,KN- = 11 : 5, find r.

Solution:
©

Given:
15 : 15 N
= 11 : 5
15 : 15 N
= 11 / 5
Let us use the formula,
!
=
! !
D

5(16 – r) = 11r
80 − 5 = 11
80 = 11 + 5
16 = 80
O
=
I
 =5
∴ The value of r is 5.

10. If + + .,G : + − .P6 = JL: -/, find n.

Solution:

O T IS
Given:
+ 2 Q: − 2R= = 57: 16
N A D
CO N
+ 2 Q/ − 2R= = 57/16
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us use the formula,
!
=
! !
ED PR

( ! I !
= = 57/16
I ! !O!
( (
= = 57/16
O!
©

T× ×O ×U ×I ×" × × × ×
= +2 +1 −1 =
I
= +2 +1 − 1 = 21 × 20 × 19 × 18
Equating the corresponding terms on both sides we get,
n = 19
∴ The value of n is 19.
D
 Exercise 17.2

1. From a group of 15 cricket players, a team of 11 players is to be

chosen. In how many ways can this be done ?
Solution:
Given :

O T IS
Number of players = 15
Number of players to be selected = 11
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!
=
! !
"!
=
ED PR

! " !
"!
=
! !
©

"× × × × !
=
! !
"× × ×
=
× × ×

= 15 × 7 × 13
= 1365
∴ The total number of ways of choosing 11 players out of 15 is 1365
D

ways.
2. How many different boat parties of 8, consisting of 5 boys and 3
girls, can be made from 25 boys and 10 girls ?
Solution:
Given :
Total boys are = 25
Total girls are =10

O T IS
Boat party of 8 to be made from 25 boys and 10 girls, by selecting 5
boys and 3 girls.
N A D
CO N
So,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
ED PR

"! !
25 × 10 = ×
0 "! " " ! ! !
"! !
= ×
"! ! ! U !
©

"! !
= ×
"! ! !U!
"× × × × × ! ×T×O×U!
= ×
"! ! U! !
"× × × × ×T×O
= ×
"! !
"× × × × ×T×O
D

= ×
"× × × × × ×

= 5 × 2 × 23 × 11 × 21 × 5 × 3 × 8
= 53130 × 120
= 6375600
∴ The total number of different boat parties is 6375600 ways.
3. In how many ways can a student choose 5 courses out of 9 courses
if 2 courses are compulsory for every student ?
Solution:
Given:
Total number of courses is 9
So out of 9 courses 2 courses are compulsory. Student can choose from
7 ( i.e. 5 + 2) courses only.

O T IS
That too out of 5 courses student has to choose, 2 courses are
N A D
CO N
compulsory.
O UC AA
T IO
So they have to choose 3 courses out of 7 courses.

PY
This can be done in 7 0
WXY#.
By using the formula,
ED PR

!
=
! !
U!
7 =
©

! U !
U!
=
! !
U×I×"×
=
! !
U×I×"
=
× ×
D

=7×5
= 35
∴ The total number of ways of choosing 5 subjects out of 9 subjects in
which 2 are compulsory is 35 ways.
4. In how many ways can a football team of 11 players be selcted
from 16 players ? How many of these will
(i) include 2 particular players ?
(ii) Exclude 2 particular players ?
Solution:
Given:
Total number of players = 16

O T IS
Number of players to be selected = 11
So, the combination is 18
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
By using the formula,

PY
!
=
! !
I!
=
ED PR

! I !

I!
©

=
! " !
I× "× × × ×
=
!"!

= 4 × 7 × 13 × 12
= 4368
D

(i) Include 2 particular players ?

It is told that two players are always included.
Now, we have to select 9 players out of the remaining 14 players as 2
players are already selected.
Number of ways = 14 Q
 !
14 =
Q T! T !
!
=
T!"!
× × × ×
=
"× × × ×

= 7 × 13 × 11 × 2
= 2002

O T IS
(ii) Exclude 2 particular players ?
N A D
CO N
It is told that two players are always excluded.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now, we have to select 11 players out of the remaining 14 players as 2
players are already removed.
Number of ways = 14
ED PR

Z
!
14 =
! !
!
©

=
! !
× × × !
=
! !
× ×
=
× ×

= 14 × 13 × 12
D

= 364
∴ The required no. of ways are 4368, 2002, 364.
5. There are 10 professors and 20 students out of whom a committee
of 2 professors and 3 students is to be formed. Find the number of
ways in which this can be done. Further, find in how many of these
committees :
(i) a particular professor is included.
(ii) a particular student in included.
(iii) a particular student in excluded.

O T IS
Solution;
Given:
N A D
CO N
Total number of professor = 10
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Total number of students = 20
Number of ways = ( Choosing 2 professors out of 10 professors) ×
Choosing 3 students out of 20 students
ED PR

= g10 h × g20 h
By using the formula,
!
©

=
! !
! !
10 × 20 = ×
! ! ! !
! !
= ×
!O! ! U!
×T×O! × T× O× U!
= ×
!O! U! !
D

×T × T× O!
= ×
! !
×T × T× O
= ×
× × ×

= 5 × 9 × 10 × 19 × 6
= 45 × 1140
= 51300 ways

(i) a particular professor is included

Number of ways = ( Choosing 1 professor out of 9 professors) ×
%ℎjj#$ k 3 students out of 20 students)
= 3 × 20

O T IS
By using the formula,
!
N A D
=

CO N
! !
O UC AA
T IO T! !

PY
9 × 20 = ×
! T ! ! !
T! !
= ×
!O! ! U!
ED PR

T×O! × T× O× U!
= ×
O! U! !
× T× O
=9×
©

!
× T× O
=9×
× ×
= 9 × 10 × 19 × 6
= 10260 ways
D

(ii) a particular student is included

Number of ways =
lℎjj#$ k 2 1 jm&##j # jno jm 10 1 jm&##j # ×
lℎjj#$ k 2 #onp& o# jno jm 19 #onp& o#
= 10 × 19
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
! T!
= 10 × 19 = ×
! ! ! T !
! T!
= ×
! O ! ! U !
×T×O! T× O× U!
= ×
!O! U! !

O T IS
×T T× O
= ×
! !
N A D
CO N
×T T× O
= ×
× ×
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= 5 × 9 × 19 × 9
= 45 × 171
ED PR

= 7695 ways
©

(iii) a particular student is excluded

Number of ways =
%ℎjj#$ k 2 1 jm&##j # jno jm 10 1 jm&##j # ×
lℎj##$ k 3 #onp& o# jno jm 19 #onp& o#
= 10 0
× 19
By using the formula,
!
D

=
! !

! T!
10 × 19 = ×
0 ! ! ! T !
! T!
= ×
!O! ! I!
 ×T×O! T× O× U× I!
= ×
!O! I! !
×T T× O× U
= ×
! × ×

= 5 × 9 × 19 × 3 × 17
= 45 × 969
= 43605 ways
∴ The required no. of ways are 51300, 10260, 7695, 43605.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
6. How many different products can be obtained by multiplying
O UC AA
two or more of the numbers 3, 5, 7, 11 ( without repetition) ?

T IO
PY
Solution:
Given that we need to find the no. ways of obtaining a product by
ED PR

multiplying two or more from the numbers 3, 5, 7, 11.

Number of ways = ( no. of ways of multiplying two numbers) + ( no. of
ways of multiplying three numbers ) + ( no. of multiplying four
©

numbers)
=4 0
+4 + 4 =

By using the formula,

!
=
! !

= + 4 +1
D

=6+4+1
=11
∴ The total number of ways of product is 11 ways.
7. From a class of 12 boys and 10 girls, 10 students are to be chosen
for the competition, at least including 4 boys and 4 girls. The 2 girls
who won the prizes last year should be included. In how many ways
can the selection be made ?
Solution:
Given :
Total number of boys = 12

O T IS
Total number of girls = 10
Total number of girls for the competition = 10 + 2 = 12
N A D
CO N
Number of ways = ( no. of ways of selecting 6 boys and 2 girls from
O UC AA
T IO
PY
remaining 12 boys and 8 girls) + ( no. of ways of selecting 5 boys and 3
girls from remaining 12 boys and 8 girls) + ( no. of ways of selecting 4
boys and 4 girls from remaining 12 boys and 8 girls)
ED PR

Since, two girls are already selected,

= g12 >
× 8 h + g12 × 8 h + g12 =
×8 h
By using the formula,
©

!
=
! !

g12 >
× 8 h + g12 × 8 h + g12 =
×8 h
! O! ! O!
= qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st +
I !I! O ! ! " !"! O ! !

! O!
qr s ×r st
D

! ! O ! !

! O! ! O! !
= qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st + qr s×
I! !I! I! ! ! U! !"! "! ! O! !

O!
r st
! ! !
 × × ×T×O×U O×U × × ×T×O O×U×I
= ur s ×r sv + ur s ×r sv +
I×"× × × × × "× × × × × ×
× × ×T O×U×I×"
ur s×r sv
× × × × × ×

= 924 × 28 + 792 × 56 + 495 × 70

= 25872 + 44352 + 34650
= 104874
∴ The total number of ways of product is 104874 ways.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
8. How many different selections of 4 books can be made from 10
O UC AA
different books, if

T IO
PY
(i) there is no restriction
(ii) two particular books are always selected
ED PR

(iii) two particular books are never selected

Solution:
©

Given:
Total number of books = 10
Total books to be selected = 4
(i) There is no restriction
Number of ways = choosing 4 books out of 10 books
= 10
D

By using the formula,

!
=
! !
!
10 =
! !
 !
=
!I!
×T×O×U×I
=
!I!
×T×O×U
=
× × ×

= 10 × 3 × 7
= 210 ways

O T IS
(ii) two particular books are always selected
N A D
CO N
Number of ways = select 2 books out of the remaining 8 books as 2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
books are already selected.
= 8
ED PR

By using the formula,

!
=
! !
O!
8 =
©

! O !
O!
=
! I !
O×U×I!
=
!I!
O×U
=
×

=4×7
D

= 28 ways
(iii) two particular books are never selected
Number of ways = select 4 books out of remaining 8 boks as 2 books are
already removed.
=8
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
O!
=8 =

O T IS
! O !
O!
N A D
CO N
=
! !
O×U×I×"× !
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=
! !
O×U×I×"
=
× × ×
ED PR

=7×2×5
= 70 ways
∴The required no. of ways are 210, 28, 70.
©

9. From 4 officers and 8 jawans in how many ways can 6 be chosen

(i) to include exactly one officer (ii) to include at least one officer ?
Solution:
Given :
D

Total number of officers = 4

Total number of jawans = 8
Total number of selection to be made is 6
(i) To include exactly one officer
Number of ways = (no. of ways of choosing 1 officer from 4 officers) ×
j. jm WXY# jm %ℎjj#$ k 5 wXWX # m jx 8 wXWX #
= g4 h × g8 " h
By using the formula.
!
=
! !
! O!
g4 h × g8 " h = r s×r s
! ! O " !"!

O T IS
! O!
= r s×r s
! ! O×" !"!
N A D
CO N
! O!
r s×r s
! ! O " !"!
O UC AA
T IO
PY
! O!
= r s×r s
! ! !"!
O×U×I
= r s × r s
ED PR

× ×
=4 ×4 ×7 ×2
= 224 ways
©

(ii) Two include at least one officer ?

Number of ways = ( total no. of ways of choosing 6 persons from all 12
persons) – ( no. of ways of choosing 6 persons without any officer )
= 12 −8
D

I I
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
 ! O!
12 I
−8 I
= r s×r s
I !I! O I !I!
! O!
= r s×r s
I !I! I !I!

× × ×T×O×U O×U
= r s × r s
I×"× × × × ×
= 11 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 7 − 4 × 7

O T IS
= 924 – 28
N A D
CO N
= 896 ways
O UC AA
T IO
∴ The required no. of ways are 224 and 896.

PY
ED PR

10. A sports team of 11 students is to be constituted, choosing at least

5 from class XI and at least 5 from class XII. If there are 20 students
in each of these classes, in how many ways can the teams be
constituted ?
©

Solution;
Given:
Total number of students in XI = 20
Total number of students in XII = 20
Total number of students to be selected in a team = 11 ( with atleast 5
D

from class XI and 5 from class XII)

Number of ways = ( no. of ways of selecting 6 students from class XI and
5 students from class XII + ( No. of ways of selecting 5 students from
class XI and 6 students from class XII)
= g20 I
× 20 "
h + g20 "
× 20 I h
= 2 g20 I
× 20 "
h WXY#
11. A student has to answer 10 questions, choosing at least 4 from
each of part A and part B. If there are 6 questions in part A and 7 in
part B, in how many ways can the student choose 10 questions ?
Solution:
Given:
Total number of question = 10
Questions in part A = 6

O T IS
Questions in part B = 7
Numbers of ways = ( No. of ways of answering 4 questions from part A
N A D
CO N
and 6 from part B) + ( No. of ways of answering 5 questions from part A
O UC AA
T IO
PY
and 5 questions from part B) + ( No. of ways of answering 6 questions
from part and 4 from part B)
= g6 × 7 I h + g6 "
× 7 " h + g6 I
×7 h
ED PR

By using the formula,

!
=
! !
©

= g6 × 7 I h + g6 "
× 7 " h + g6 I
×7 h
I! U! I! U! I!
= qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st + qr s ×
I ! ! U I !I! I " !"! U " !"! I I !I!

U!
r st
U ! !

I! U! I! U! I! U!
= qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st
D

! ! !I! !"! !"! !I! ! !

I×" U I U×I U×I×"

= ur s × r sv + ur s × r sv + ur s × r sv
× × × ×

= 15 × 7 + 6 × 21 + 1 × 35
= 105 + 126 + 35
= 266
∴ The total no. of ways of answering 10 questions is 266 ways.

12. In an examination, a student to answer 4 questions out of 5

questions; questions 1 and 2 are however compulsory, Determine the
number of ways in which the student can make a choice.

O T IS
Solution:
Given:
N A D
CO N
Total number of questions = 5
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Total number of questions to be answered = 4
Number of ways = we need to answer 2 questions out of the remaining 3
ED PR

questions as 1 and 2 are compulsory.

= 3
By using the formula,
©

!
=
! !
!
3 =
! !
!
=
! !
× ×
=
×
D

=3
∴ The no. of ways answering the questions is 3.
13. A candidate is required to answer 7 questions out of 12 questions
which are divided into two groups, eachh containing 6 questions. He
is not permitted to attempt more than 5 questions from either group.
In how many ways can he choose the 7 questions ?
Solution:
Given :
Total number of questions = 12

O T IS
Total number of questions to be answered = 7
Number of ways = ( No. of ways of answering 5 questions from group 1
N A D
CO N
and 2 from group 2) + ( No. of ways of answering 4 questions from group
1 and 3 from group 2 ) + ( No. of ways of answering 2 questions from
O UC AA
T IO
PY
group 1 and 5 from group 2)
= g6 "
× 6 h + g6 × 6 h + g6 × 6 h + g6 × 6 "h
ED PR

By using the formula,

!
=
! !

= g6 × 6 h + g6 × 6 h + g6 × 6 h + g6 × 6 "h
©

"

I! I! I! I! I!
= qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st + qr s ×
I " !"! I ! ! I ! ! I ! ! I ! !

I! I! I!
r st + qr s ×r st
I ! ! I ! ! I " !"!
D

I! I! I! I! I! I!
= qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st + qr s ×r st +
!"! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

I! I!
qr s ×r st
! ! !"!
 I I×" I×" I×"× I×"× I×"
= ur s × r sv + ur s ×r sv + ur s ×r sv +
× × × × × × ×
I×" I
ur s × r sv
×

= 6 × 15 + 15 × 20 + 20 × 15 + 15 × 6
= 90 + 300 + 300 + 90
= 780
∴ The total no. of ways of answering 7 questions is 780 ways.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
14. There are 10 points in a plane of which 4 are collinear. how
O UC AA
many differrent straight lines can be drawn by joining these points .

T IO
PY
Solution:
Given:
ED PR

Total number of points = 10

Number of collinear points = 4
©

Number of lines formed = ( total no. of lines formed by all 10 points) – (

no. of lines formed by collinear points) + 1
Here, 1 is added because only 1 line can be formed by the four collinear
points.
= 10 − 4 0
+1
By using the formula,
!
=
D

! !

! !
= 10 − 4 +1=r s− r s+1
0 ! ! ! !
 ! !
=r s−r s+1
O! ! ! !
×T ×
=r s−r s+1
× ×
T
= − +1
= 45 – 6 + 1
= 40
∴ The total no. of ways of different lines formed are 40.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
15. Find the number of diagonals of
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(i) a hexagon
(ii) a polygon of 16 sides
ED PR

Solution:
(i) a hexagon
We know that a hexagon has a 6 angular points. By joining those any
©

two angular points we get a line which is either a side or a diagonal.

So number of lines formed = 6
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
I!
6 =
! I !
D

I!
=
! !
I×"× !
=
! !
 I×"
=
×

=3×5
= 15
We know number of sides of hexagon is 6
So, number of diagonals = 15 – 6 = 9
The total no. of diagonals formed is 9.

O T IS
(ii) a polygon of 16 sides
N A D
CO N
We know that a polygon of 16 sides has 16 angular points. By joining
O UC AA
T IO
PY
those any two angular points we get a line which is either a side or a
diagonal.
So number of lines formed = 16
ED PR

By using the formula,

!
=
! !
©

I!
16 =
! I !
I!
=
! !
I× "×
=
! !
I× "
D

=
×

= 8 × 15
= 120
We know number of sides of a polygon is 16
So, number of diagonals = 120 – 16 = 104
The total no. of diagonals formed is 104.
16. How many triangles can be obtained by joining 12 points, five of
which are collinear ?
Solution:
We know that 3 points are required to draw a triangle and the collinear
points will lie on the same line.
Number of triangles formed = ( total no. of triangles formed by all 12
points) – ( no. of triangles formed by collinear points)
= 12 −5

O T IS
By using the formula,
N A D
CO N
!
=
! !
O UC AA
T IO
PY
! "!
= 12 −5 = r s−r s
! ! " ! !
ED PR

! "!
= r s−r s
T ! ! ! !
©

× × "×
= r s−r s
× × ×

= 2 × 11 × 10 − 5 × 2
= 220 − 10
= 210
∴ The total no. of triangles formed are 210.
D
 Exercise 17.3

1. How many different words, each containing 2 vowels and 3

consonants can be formed with 5 vowels and 17 consonants ?
Solution:

O T IS
Given
Total number of vowels = 5
N A D
CO N
Total number of consonants = 17
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Number of ways = ( No. of ways of choosing 2 vowels from 5 vowels )
× ( No. of ways of choosing 3 consonants from 17 consonants)
= g5 h × g17 h
ED PR

By using the formula,

!
=
©

! !
"! U!
= g5 h × g17 h = r s ×r s
" ! ! U ! !
"! U!
= r s ×r s
! ! ! !
"× U× I× "
=r s×r s
× × ×
D

= 10 × 17 × 8 × 5
= 10 × 680
= 6800
Now we need to find the no. of words that can be formed by 2 vowels
and 3 consonants.
The arrangement is similar to that of arranging n people in n places
which are n! Ways to arrange. So, the total no. of words that can be
formed is 5!
So, 6800 × 5! = 6800 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
= 6800 × 120
= 816000
∴ The no. of words that can be formed containing 2 vowels and 3

O T IS
consonants are 816000.
N A D
CO N
2. There are 10 persons names P- , P. , P@ , … … , P-? . Out of 10 persons,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
5 persons are to be arranged in a line such that is each arrangement
P- must occur whereas P6 and PJ do not occur. Find the number of
ED PR

such possible arrangements.

Solution:
Given:
©

Total persons = 10
Number of persons to be selected = 5 from 10 persons
(z , z , z , … … , z )
It is also told that z should be present and z and z" should not be
present.
We have to choose 4 persons from remaining 7 persons as z is selected
D

and z and z" are already removed.

Number of ways = Selecting 4 persons from remaining 7 persons
=7
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
U!
7 =
! U !
U!
=
! !
U×I ×" × !
=
× ×

O T IS
=7×5
N A D
CO N
= 35
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now we need to arrange the chosen 5 people. Since 1 person differs
from other.
35 × 5! = 35 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
ED PR

= 4200
∴ The total no. of possible arrangement can be done is 4200.
©

3. How many words, with or without meaning can be formed from

the letters of the word ‘MONDAY’, assuming that no letter is
repeated, if
(i) 4 letters are used at a time
(ii) all letters are used at a time
D

(iii) all letters are used but first letter is a vowel ?

Solution:
Given:
The word ‘MONDAY’
Total letters = 6
(i) 4 letters are used at a time
Number of ways = ( No. of ways of choosing 4 letters from MONDAY)
= g6 h
By using the formula,
!
=
! !
I!
6 =

O T IS
! I !
I!
N A D
CO N
=
! !
I ×" × !
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=
! !
I×"
=
×
ED PR

=3 ×5
= 15
©

now we need to find the no. of words that can be formed by 4 letters.
15 × 4! = 15 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
= 15 × 24
= 360
∴ The no. of words that can be formed by 4 letters of MONDAY is 360.
D

(ii) all letters are used a time

Total number of letters in the word ‘Monday’ is 6
So, the total no. of words that can be formed is 6! = 360
∴ The no. of words that can be formed by 6 letters of MONDAY is 360.

(iii) all letters are used but first letter is a vowel ?

In the word ‘ Monday’ the vowels are O and A. We need to choose one
vowel from these 2 vowels for the first place of the word.
So,

O T IS
Number of ways = ( No. of ways of choosing a vowel from 2 vowels)
= g2 h
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!
=
! !
!
2 =
ED PR

! !
!
=
! !

= 2 ×1
©

=2
Now we need to find the no. of words that can be formed by remaining 5
letters.
= 2×5!=2 × 5×4×3×2×1
= 2 × 120
D

= 240
∴ The no. of words that can be formed by all letters of MONDAY in
which the first letter is a vowel is 240.
4. Find the number of permutations of n distinct things taken r
together, in which 3 particular things must occur together.
Solution:
Here, it is clear that 3 things are already selected and we need to choose
( r- 3) things from the remaining (n- 3) things.
Let us find the no. of ways of choosing ( r – 3) things
Number of ways = ( no. of ways of choosing ( r- 3) things from

O T IS
remaining (n- 3) things)
−3 N A D
CO N
= N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now we need to find the no. of permutations than can be formed using
3 things which are together. So, the total no. of words that can be formed
is 3!
ED PR

Now let us assume the together things as a single things this gives us
total ( r - 2) things which were present now. So, the total no. of words
that can be formed is − 2 !
©

Total number of words formed is :

= −3 N
×3! × −2 !
∴ The no. of permutations that can be formed by r things which are
chosen from n things in which 3 things are always together is − 3 N
×3! × − 2 !.
D
5. How many words each of 3 vowels and 2 consonants can be
formed from the letters of the word INVOLUTE ?
Solution:
Given :
The word ‘ INVOLUTE’
Total number of letters = 8

O T IS
Total vowels are = I, O, U, E
Total consonants = N, V, L, T
N A D
CO N
So number of ways to select 3 vowels is 4
O UC AA
T IO
PY
And number of ways to select 2 consonants is 4
Then, number of ways to arrange these 5 letters = 4 ×4 × 5!
ED PR

By using the formula,

!
=
! !
©

!
4 =
! !
!
=
! !
× !
=
!
D

=4

!
4 =
! !
!
=
! !
 × × !
=
! !
×
=
×

=2×3
=6
So, by substituting the values we get
4 ×4 × 5! = 4 × 6 × 5!

O T IS
=4×6 × 5×4×3×2×1 N A D
CO N
= 2880
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴ The no. of words that can be formed containing 3 vowels and 2
consonants chosen from ‘INVOLUTE’ is 2880.
ED PR
©
D
 ©
ED PR
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O UC AA
N A D
O T IS
T IO
CO N
PY