MA1202 - Tutorial Sheet On Complex Analysis

∗ Marked problems are assignment problems.

† Marked problems to be worked out in the tutorial session.
Unmarked problems are practice problems.

1. Write the following expression in the form x + iy, x, y ∈ R :

2 + 3i 1 − 5i 1−i 1
(i) (3 + 4i)2 (ii) (iii)* (iv) † − i + 2 (v)
3 − 4i 3i − 1 1+i i
(1 − i)23
2. (i) * Express √ in the form reiθ , r > 0, −π ≤ θ < π.
( 3 − i)13
(ii) † Express 5e3πi/4 + 2e−πi/6 in the form x + iy, x, y ∈ R.

3. By writing z = x + iy find all solutions of the following equations:

† (i) z 2 = −5 + 12i (ii)* z 2 + 4z + 12 − 6i = 0.

4. Let z1 , z2 ∈ C. Show that (i) Re(z1 ± z2 ) = Re(z1 ) ± Re(z2 ), (ii) Im(z1 ± z2 ) =

Im(z1 ) ± Im(z2 ). Give examples to show that neither Re(z1 z2 ) = Re(z1 )Re(z2 )
nor Im(z1 z2 ) = Im(z1 )Im(z2 ) hold in general.
 
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5. * Let z1 , z2 ∈ C. Show that (i) (z1 ± z2 ) = z1 ±z2 , (ii) z1 z2 = z1 z2 , (iii) =
z
1
if z 6= 0, (iv) z + z = 2Re(z), (v) z − z = 2iIm(z).
z
6. † Let z1 , z2 ∈ C. Show, using the triangle inequality, that the reverse triangle
inequality holds:

||z1 | − |z2 || ≤ |z1 + z2 |.

∗ Then find the necessary and sufficient condition for the equality.

7. * Show that |Re (2 + z̄ + z 3 )| ≤ 4, where |z| ≤ 1.

z+4
8. † Find an upper bound of , where |z| = 2.
z3 − 1
9. Let Arg(z) denote the principal value of the argument of z. Give an exam-
z1
ple to show that, in general, Arg(z1 z2 ) 6= Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) and Arg( ) 6=
z2
Arg(z1 ) − Arg(z2 ), z1 6= 0.

10. Draw the set of all z ∈ C satisfying the following conditions

(i) Re(z) > 2 †(ii) 1 < Im(z) < 2 (iii) |z| < 3 (iv)* |z − 1| < |z + 1|.

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11. Which of the following sets are open, closed, connected, domain and region ? Justify
your answer.

(a) {z ∈ C| Im(z) > 0},

(b) ∗ {z ∈ C| Re(z) > 0, |z| < 2},
(c) {z ∈ C| |z| ≤ 6},
(d) * {z ∈ C| Re(z) 6= 0},
(e) † {z ∈ C| Im(z) < |z − 1|2 },
(f) {z ∈ C| 0 ≤ Arg(z) ≤ π/4}.

12. Find all complex values z satisfying the given equation

(a) sin z = i
(b) sin z = cos z
∗
(c) cos z = i sin z

13. † Find the image of the line segment from 1 to i under the mapping w = iz.

14. * If the function w = f (z) is continuous at z = z0 , then show that the function
f (z) is continuous at z = z0 .

15. Examine the continuity of the following, at z = 0.

1
(
e− z2 if z 6= 0
† f (z) =
0 if z = 0

16. Using the definition of the derivative, find the derivative of the following complex
functions if exists:
p
(a) ∗ f (z) = |xy| at z = 0; (b) f (z) = z Re(z) at z = 0.

17. Let f (z) = e2πiz − 1. For z1 = 1 and z2 = 0, show that there does not exist any
point c ∈ C such that

f (z1 ) − f (z2 ) 0
= f (c)
z1 − z2
(The mean value theorem, in general, does not hold for the complex valued func-
tions).

18. In each of the following cases, write f (z) in the form u(x, y) + iv(x, y) where z =
x + iy and u, v are real-valued functions.

i) f (z) = z 2 + z

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 ii) † f (z) = z1 (z 6= 0).

Show that u and v satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations everywhere for i), and
for all z 6= 0 in ii).

19. * Write the function f (z) = |z| in the form u(x, y) + iv(x, y). Using the Cauchy-
Riemann equations, decide whether there are any points in C at which f is differ-
entiable.

20. Verify the Cauchy-Riemann equations for the functions u, v given by

i) † u(x, y) = x3 − 3xy 2 , v(x, y) = 3x2 y − y 3

x4 −6x2 y 2 +y 4 4xy 3 −4x3 y
ii) * u(x, y) = (x2 +y 2 )4
, v(x, y) = (x2 +y 2 )4
, where x2 + y 2 6= 0.

In both of the above cases, verify that u and v are the real and imaginary parts of
an analytic function f : C → C.

21. * The function f : C → C is defined as f (x + iy) = x3 + i(y − 1)3 . Find the points,
in the complex plane, at which the function is differentiable. Is f analytic ? Justify
your answer.

22. Evaluate the following integrals

(a) γ z+1
R
z
dz, where γ is the right half of the circle |z| = 1 from z = −i to z = i.
R
(b) † γ exp(z)dz, where γ is the polygonal path consisting of the line segments
from z = 0 to z = 2 and from z = 2 to z = 1 + πi.
2 2
(c) * γ dz, where γ is the left half of the ellipse x16 + y4 = 1 from z = 2i to
R

z = −2i.
R
23. * Calculate γ |z|2 dz where

(a) γ denotes the contour that goes vertically from 0 to i then horizontally from
i to 1 + i in the z−plane.
(b) γ denotes the contour that goes horizontally from 0 to 1 then vertically from
1 to 1 + i in the z−plane.

What does this tell you about possibility of the existence of an anti-derivative for
f (z) = |z|2 ?

24. Evaluate the following integrals:

I
dz
(a) † , where γ is a triangle with vertices at 0, ± 41 + 2i .
γ z3−1

3
 I
2
(b) * esinz dz, where γ is a circle | z |= 1.
γ
Z
zdz
25. ∗ Evaluate the integral I = 2
, where γ is the upper semicircle, | z + 12 |= 1
2
γ 1 + z
traversed in the anti-clockwise direction.
I z
e
26. † Show that dz = 2πi, where γ is a circle | z |= 1. Hence, show that
γ z

Z 2π Z 2π
cosθ
e cos(sinθ)dθ = 2π and ecosθ sin(sinθ)dθ = 0.
0 0

e2z
I
27. ∗ Evaluate dz, where γ is | z − 1 |= 4
γ z + πi
28. Using either Cauchy’s integral formula or Cauchy’s integral formula for derivatives
(depending on which one is appropriate), evaluate

ez + sin(πz)
I
(a) 2
dz, where γ is a circle | z |= 2.
γ (z − 1)(z − 3) (z + 4)

eπiz
I
(b) † 2
dz, where γ is a circle | z − 3 |= 3.
γ z − 3z + 2
I 3
z − sin(3z)
(c) *
3 dz, where γ is a circle | z |= 2.
γ z − π2

29. Find the region of convergence for the following series.

∞ ∞ ∞  n
X
2n
X
2n+1
X 6n + 1
(a) ∗ 2nz (b) n!z (c)† (z − 2i)n
n=0 n=0 n=1
2n + 5

30. Find the Taylor series expansions of the following and find their radii of convergence.

1
(a) † 1−z
about z = 2i (b) cosh(z) about z = 0 (c)* Log(z) about z = 2.

31. Find the order of zeros of †(a) f (z) = cos3 (z); z = 0, (b) f (z) = z − sin(z); z = 0.

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32. Expand f (z) = z(z−1)
in a Laurent series valid in the following annular domains.

(a) 0 < |z| < 1 †(b) |z| > 1 (c)* 0 < |z − 1| < 1 (d) |z − 1| > 1.

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33. Classify the nature of singularities and find the residues for the following functions.

e2(z−1) −1 1


(a) † f (z) = z−1
at z = 1. (b)* f (z) = z 3 sin z
at z = 0.

1 − cosh z
(c) f (z) = at z = 0.
z4

34. Evaluate the following integrals by residue theorem.

I
2z + 6
(a) † dz, where γ is the circle |z − i| = 2.
γ z2 + 4

ez
I
(b) 4 3
dz, where the contour γ is the circle |z| = 2.
γ z + 5z
I
(c) * cot(πz)dz, where γ is the rectangle defined by x = 21 , x = π, y = −1 and
γ
y = 1.

I  
1 1
(d) e( z ) sin dz, where γ is the circle |z| = 1.
γ z