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Biological Classification Rev Notes

Biological classification groups organisms based on similarities and dissimilarities, with systems evolving over time. The five kingdom classification includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, and excludes viruses and lichens, while highlighting unique characteristics of each kingdom. Lichens, a mutualistic relationship between algae and fungi, serve as pollution indicators and thrive in extreme environments.

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Rishika Reddy
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4 views10 pages

Biological Classification Rev Notes

Biological classification groups organisms based on similarities and dissimilarities, with systems evolving over time. The five kingdom classification includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, and excludes viruses and lichens, while highlighting unique characteristics of each kingdom. Lichens, a mutualistic relationship between algae and fungi, serve as pollution indicators and thrive in extreme environments.

Uploaded by

Rishika Reddy
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Biological classification

 Grouping of the Organisms on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities is called biological
classification

Hence, classification systems for living organisms have undergone several changes over time, but the
positions of Plantae and animals remain constant.

2. Carolus Linnaeus (Two Kingdom Classification):

3. Five kingdom system of classification:-

 In the five kingdom classification, viruses, viroids, prions and lichens are not mentioned.

 In five kingdom classifications. Chlamydomonas and chlorella are placed in the kingdom Protista.
4. Kingdom: Monera

 All prokaryotes like bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaebacteria, mycoplasma, etc are placed under
kingdom monera
 Bacteria are the sole members of the kingdom Monera.
KINGDOM – PROTISTA

 All unicellular eukaryotes are placed under the kingdom Protista.

3. Special points:

 Diatoms float passively on the surface of water (Plankton) due to low molecular weight stored
fats.
 Dinoflagellates are responsible for Bioluminescence
 Euglenoids have pigments similar to higher plants.
 Diatoms are also known as pearls of oceans. e.g. Navicula
 Dinoflagellates lacks of histone protein .
KINGDOM- FUNGI

 The fungi or mycota is a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms.


 They can be seen in from of moulds on bread, butter, leather, pickle, rotten fruits (orange rotting)
and vegetables or as parasites in plants (white spot on mustard leaves) and animals.

 The cell in which gametes are


formed is called
gametangium.
 Sexual reproduction in fungi
completes in three steps.
 [Link]
 2. Karyogamy
 3. Meiosis
[Link], Viroids, Prions, Lichen,Mycoriza
LICHEN

Lichen is composed of algae and


fungi or Lichen is a composite
thalloid structure of algae and fungi.

Lichens are found at those places


where normal plants do not grow
such as on rocks, cold Arctic regions,
on walls etc. Lichens are also found
on dead and decaying wooden
pieces, leaves, and soil.

Lichen: Algae & Fungi mutualism

Algae: Phycobiont (Provide food)

Fungi: Mycobiont (Provide shelter and


absorption of water and minerals)

Lichen are used as pollution indicator,


they do not grow in polluted environment

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