Question Bank

For 3rd Phase Written v3.0

D`qvw`ª 79
 A Momento of Thanks to Our Batchmates

With Whom We had nourished to Final Year

A Small Present to all the Juniors of K-80 and beyond

Overall Compilation & Commed : Prottoy Saha (42)

Pathology : Sayef Abdullah (192)

Microbiology : Tanveer Al Razi Khan (72)

Guide Page No Addition : Tahmidur Rahman (124)

Md Hafizur Rahman (128)
Alif Farzan Zim (156)

Please Keep Us in your Prayers

[N.B: Please read the K-79 questions apart as they were

NOT added to item wise questions list]

D`qvw`ª 79 1
 PATHOLOGY 1st Term
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
CELLULAR ADAPTATION
(ALL PAGE NUMBERS ARE ACCORDING TO ARIF PATHO LATEST EDITION; EXCEPTIONS ARE CLEARLY DENOTED)
1. Name cellular adaptations with examples. [76] [A-53]
2. What are the cellular adaptive changes? Give Examples. [75,72] [A-53]
3. Mention the causes of atrophy. [75] [A-59]
4. What is metaplasia? Give example. [73,71,69] [A-61]
5. What are the merits and demerits of metaplasia? [78,76] [A-63]
6. Write down the differences between metaplasia & neoplasia. [73,71] [A-58+64 brilliant
combo]
7. Give examples of different types of metaplasia. [72,69] [A-61, 62]
8. Why metaplasia is called to as two-edged sword? [72] [A-63]
12. A 40 years male has high blood pressure for prolonged period. What will be the effects on
myocardium? State its interpretation. Write about the mechanism of this condition. [77]
10. A 60 years male has a history of chain smoking. What type of adaptive changes do you expect
in his respiratory tract? What are the merits and demerits of this change? [Hints: Metaplasia]
[74]
11. A 55 years old male has a blood pressure of 150/100 mm hg. Mention the adaptive changes
that will work or if BP persists high for long time. Mention the differences between
hypertrophy and hyperplasia. [Hints: Hypertrophy] [72]

CELL INJURY
1. What is cell injury? State the cellular and tissue response to different types of injury? [78] [A-
24, 27]
2. Define necrosis. What are the types of necrosis with examples? [79,76,75] [A-39]
3. Write the patterns of necrosis. What type of necrosis is found in tuberculosis? [79,69]
(CASEOUS)
4. What is ischemic necrosis? What are the differences between coagulative and liquefactive necrosis?
[77] [A-43, 44]
5. What are the morphological and biochemical characterstics of apoptosis? [77] [A-46+
biochemical characteristics not found]
6. What do you mean by apoptosis/Define apoptosis. [78,77,72,69] [A-45]
7. Write down the differences between necrosis & apoptosis. [79,72,69] [A-49]
8. Write in brief about the biochemical mechanism leading to cell membrane damage. [75]
9. What are the free radicals? How they are formed? How do they cause cell injury? [77,74,73]
[A-37, 38]
10. Describe the role/ pathologic effects of free radicals in cell injury. [79,74,73] [A-37]
11. Mention the cause and consequences of mitochondrial damage in cell injury. [78] [A-30]

D`qvw`ª 79 2
12. What are the causes of cell injury? Write about the effects of ATP depletion in hypoxic cell
injury. [79] [A-24, 30]
13. What are the patterns of reversible cell injury? Mention the light microscopic and ultra-
structural changes. [71] [A-28, 35]
14. What are the cellular responses to injurious stimuli? [69] [A-27]
15. SN: Pathological calcification [69] [A-69]
Free radicals [76]
Apoptosis [79]
INFLAMMATION
1. Define inflammation. What are the causes of inflammation? [79,78,76] [A-73, 79]
2. Define acute inflammation. Write differences between acute and chronic inflammation. Give
their examples. [79,69] [A-79, 81]
3. What are the components of acute inflammation? [77] [A-79]
4. Explain the statement ‘Inflammation is a protective response but may be potentially harmful’.
[76] [A-77]
5. Write in short about the vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation. [74] [A-77, 83]
6. What are the vascular events/ changes/ sequence of vascular events of acute inflammation?
[79,78,72,69] [A-77, 83]
7. Give morphological pattern/ variants of acute inflammation. [79,75] [A-82]
8. Mention the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in acute inflammation. [75] [A-98]
9. Mention the important cytokines involved in inflammatory reactions. [77] [A-85]
10. Write down the major role of IL and TNF in acute inflammation. [77] [A-85]
11. What is granuloma? Give the examples of granulomatous inflammation/diseases.
[79,76,75,74,72] [A-109]
12. Give the mechanism/pathogenesis of immune granuloma. [74,72] [A-111]
13. Describe a granuloma with diagram/ Draw and label a granuloma. [76,71] [A-112]
14. What are the cells of chronic inflammation? [78] [A-81]
15. Give morphological characteristics of chronic inflammation? [78] [A-81]
16. Differences between immune and non-immune granuloma. [78] [A-114]
17. What are the vascular changes of acute inflammation? Give an outline about the vascular event.
[71] [A-77, 83]
18. Write the features of chronic inflammation. [69] [A-81]
19. List five causes of granulomatous inflammation. [72,71,69] [A-109]
20. What are the steps of phagocytosis? [69] [A-90]
21. Write oxygen dependent mechanism in microbial killing. [69] [ChatGPT]
22. Name 5 causes of granulomatous inflammation. [69] [A-109]
23. What are the differences between exudates and transudates? [69] [A-103]

D`qvw`ª 79 3
24. A girl of 14 years came with right iliac fossa tenderness, fever and raised ESR. What is the
probable diagnosis? What chemical mediators are responsible for such condition? [Hints: Acute
Appendicitis] [79]
25. A male of 27 years has history of cough and hemoptysis for 4 months with low grade fever.
He also has enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. What microscopic findings do you expect?
Write the ancillary tests for the further evaluation of the disease. [77]
26. A girl of 9 yrs develops red and painful swelling of back of thigh with increase in local
temperature. What is your diagnosis? What chemical mediators are responsible for pain and
swelling? [Hints: Acute Inflammation] [75]
27. A female of 20 years presents with acute swelling with pain and redness on forearm. What
is your provisional diagnosis? What are the chemical mediators of pain here/ What are the
causes of pain here? [Hints: Acute Inflammation] [72,71]
28. SN: Complement [74] [A-97]
Phagocytosis [79] [A-90]

WOUND HEALING
1. Define Healing. What are the factors that influence wound healing? [79,72,71] [A-119, 132]
2. Mention the complications of wound healing. [76,72,71,69] [A-133]
3. What do you mean by angiogenesis? [73] [A-126]
4. Write down the steps of angiogenesis. [73] [A-126]
5. Mention local factors influencing on healing. [69] [A-132]
6. Write the steps of wound healing. [69] [A-128]
EDEMA, SHOCK, ELECTROLYTES AND ACID-BASE BALANCE
1. Define hyperemia and congestion. [79,78] [A-146]
2. What is shock? Mention the types of shock. What are the stages of shock? [79,76,74,69] [A-
169]
3. What are the effects of septic shock? [74] [A-173]
4. Give the pathogenesis of septic shock. [76,69] [A-172]
5. What is Virchow's triad? [74,69] [A-154]
6. Describe the role of platelet in thrombus formation. [74] [A-151]
7. Define Infarct and its types. Write factors affecting infarct formation. [79,69] [A-166, 169]
9. Write down the mechanism of edema in heart failure./in hepatic failure. [78,71] [A-144, 142]
10. What is thrombi? Mention the fate of thrombus. [78,71] [A-152, 155]
11. Explain how endothelial injury and changes in blood flow cause thrombus formation. [78] [A-154]
12. What are the sources and fates/ consequences of pulmonary embolism? [79] [A-160]
13. What is heart failure cell and nutmeg liver? [79] [A-147, 148]
14. Write down the pathologic features of pulmonary embolism. [75] [A-142]
15. Define decompression sickness. [75] [A-164]

D`qvw`ª 79 4
19. What is metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? State the causes of metabolic acidosis.
Write down the electrolyte pattern of a case of respiratory failure.[Hints: K+ due to
respiratory acidosis] [75]
16. State the pathophysiological classification/ pathological category of edema. [72,71] [A-137]
11. Name the important electrolytes with its normal values. Write the causes of
metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. [71,69]
17. Name the different types of emboli. [69] [A-159]
18. Mention the compensatory mechanism of the shock. [71] [A-170]
19. A male of 40 years was admitted in hospital after road traffic accident. He suddenly became
unconscious and his vitals were also unrecordable. What is the most likely diagnosis. What may
be the complications in such case? [Hints: Hemorrhagic Shock] [79] [A-174]
20. A male of 40 years was hospitalized for femur fracture. One week later, he suddenly
developed chest pain, cough and hemoptysis. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the
cause of such complication? [76]
20. A 34 yrs. Male present with vomiting for two days. What will be the metabolic
abnormalities? [Hints: Metabolic acidosis] [73,71]
24. A male of 50 years with long chronic duodenal ulcer has developed excessive
vomiting. What will be his electrolyte and acid-base status? [72]
21. SN: Systemic thromboembolism [69] [A-161]
Septic shock [73]
DIC [75,74]
Virchow's triad in thrombosis [76]
Embolism [75]
Metabolic alkalosis[72]
NEOPLASIA
1. Define neoplasia. [74] [A-199]
2. Write the differences between benign and malignant tumor/neoplasm. [74,69] [A-214]
3. What do you mean by differentiation and anaplasia? [73] [A-217]
4. Name the different pathways of tumor spread. [76] [A-223]
5. Enumerate the sequential steps of hematogenous spread of tumors. [76] [A-226]
6. What are the oncogenic microbes? Name the tumors related to these viruses. [76] [A-233]
7. Enumerate the oncogenic microbes with the name of tumor they produce. [78] [A-233]
8. Name five important childhood tumor/ neoplasm/ Name four childhood neoplasm. [78,77]
[A-260]
9. Write down the sequential steps that should be taken for tumor diagnosis. [77] [A-251]
10. How is tumor grading & staging done? [73] [A-249]
11. Name the diagnostic tools for cancer. [74] [A-251]

D`qvw`ª 79 5
12. Write the importance of immunohistochemistry in tumor diagnosis? [77,74] [A-258]
13. Define Metastasis. [78] [A-222]
14. Discuss the mechanism of invasion. Name three locally invasive tumor. [78] [A-216]
15. What are the oncogenic viruses? Name four tumors related to these viruses. Give the
laboratory investigations of tumor. [76] Previously mentioned
16. Mention the role of tumor markers in the diagnosis of tumor. Enumerate the genes
responsible for neoplasia. [75] [A-238, 246]
17. Mention the features of anaplasia. [72,71,69] [A-217]
18. Write the mechanism involved in the spread of tumor. [69] [A-226]
19. What do you mean by tumor staging and grading? [72,71,69] [A-249]
20. SN: FNAC [74]
Cancer cachexia [74] [A-242]
Paraneoplastic syndrome [75,72,71,69] [A-243]
Tumor suppressor genes [77] [A-241]

GENETICS
1. What is mutation? [75,74] [A-176]
2. What are the types of mutation? [75] [A-176]
3. Name four examples of autosomal recessive disorders. [75] [A-179]
4. Mention the karyotype of Down syndrome. [74] [A-183]
5. What are the features of Down syndrome? [74] [A-183]
6. Define karyotyping. [76] [A-187]
7. Why sex-linked disorder is called X-linked disorder? [76] [A-180]
8. Give three important criteria of Autosomal dominant disorders. [76] [A-187]
9. Mention the features of autosomal dominant disorder. Give three examples. [71] [A-179]
10. An adolescent girl presented with primary amenorrhea. Physical examination revealed short
stature, webbing of neck, broad chest & small breasts. What is the likely diagnosis? Mention
its Karyotype. What cardiac disorder found in this disorder? [Hints: Turner syndrome] [73] [A-
185]
11. SN: Point mutation [72] [A-176]
Turner’s Syndrome [78]
Down syndrome [72]
Karyotype [73]
Autosomal recessive disorder [77]

ENVIRONMENT
1. What are the fat soluble vitamins? Mention the diseases caused by their deficiencies. [73] [A-
271]

D`qvw`ª 79 6
2. Mention the causes of obesity. [75] [A-268]
3. What are the deficiency features of Vitamin D? [75] [A-272]
4. How marasmus differs from kwashiorkor? [69] [A-271]
5. Define PEM. What measures help in diagnosis of PEM? [69] [A-271]
6. What are the complications of Vit-A deficiency? [71] [A-272]
7. Short note: Indoor air pollution. [71] [A-262]

IMMUNOLOGY
1. What is autoimmunity? [76]
2. Classify hypersensitivity reactions with examples. [76,71] SEE MICROBIOLOGY
3. Define autoimmune disease. [69]
4. Name 5 organ-specific autoimmune disease. [69]
5. What are the differences between active and passive immunity? [69]

INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

1. Name childhood tumors according to age. [71] [A-260]
2. What is PEM? [71,69]
3. What are the complications of vit-A deficiency? [71] Previously stated all

HEMATOLOGY
ANEMIA
1. What information can you get from PBF? [77] [A-321]
2. Write down the developmental stages of RBC. [77] [A-298]
3. Give five indications of bone marrow examination/ What are the indications of bone marrow
examination? [76,75,74,69] [A-312]
4. What is dry tap and blood tap? Mention their causes. [74] [A-316]
5. Mention the RBC indices with their normal values. Write down the normal & abnormal
hemoglobin. [78,71,69] [A-338, 333]
6. Define Anemia. Classify anemia on morphological basis. [78,76,74,73,69] [A-341]
7. How will you differentiate among the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia by laboratory
investigations? [76] [A-344]
8. What are the evidences of hemolysis in PBF? [75] [A-388]
9. What are the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia? [76,74,71,69] [A-344]
10. Give the lab diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. [76,74] [A-350]
11. What is thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy? What are the types of Thalassemia? [77,74,73]
[A-354, 355]
12. Why thalassemia is a genetic disease? [74] [A-356]
13. How can you diagnose a case of thalassemia/thalassemia major in laboratory? [78,73,69]

D`qvw`ª 79 7
14. How will you diagnose a case of Beta thalassemia major in the laboratory? [78,77] [A-357]
15. Give the lab diagnosis of aplastic anemia. [75,73] [A-381]
16. Give the bone marrow picture of aplastic anemia. [74,69] [A-382]
17. Give the sources of Vitamin B12 and folic acid. [75] [A-370]
18. Mention the PBF and Bone Marrow findings of megaloblastic macrocytic anemia. [75] [A-
372]
19. Classify hemolytic anaemia with examples. [75] [A-386]
20. Mention the differences between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. [76] [A-391]
21. Compare and contrast warm and cold antibody regarding AIHA. Write down the general
evidences of hemolysis. [77] [A-387, 389]
22. What is coomb's test? [77] [A-395]
23. What is hemolytic uremic syndrome? [76] [A-388]
24. What is pancytopenia? How will you diagnose a case of pancytopenia in the laboratory? [78]
[A-383, 384]
25. What are the points to be noted during bone marrow examination? [71,69]
26. Write down the morphological classification of anemia with examples. How will you
diagnose a case of Beta thalassemia? [72,71] [A-341, 357]
27. Mention the causes of iron deficiency anaemia. What is Iron profile? [69] [A-348, 351]
28. What are the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia? [71]
29. Give the lab diagnosis & bone marrow finding of macrocytic anemia. [71] [A-372]
30. Mention the causes of megaloblastic anaemia. [69] [A-367]
31. Classify intracorpuscular causes of hemolytic anemia. [71] [A-386]
32. Write causes of pancytopenia. [72,69]
33. A 50 yrs old male clinically diagnosed of having bleeding peptic ulcer for last l yr, has
developed pallor. His Hb% is 9.0 gm/dl. What morphological type of anaemia do you expect on
blood picture? What changes will occur in his iron profile? State the causes of such type of
anaemia. [Hints: Iron Deficiency Anemia due to bleeding PUD] [77]
34. 18 yrs. male shows the following blood picture Hb% 12.5 gm/dl, WBC-11,000/mm3,
Neutrophil-55%, Lymphocyte-26%, Monocyte-04%, Basophil-00%, Platelet normal. What is
your provisional diagnosis? What are the causes of it? [70]
35. A 18 years old male patient shows the following blood picture. Hb-12.5 g/dl, TC of WBC
11000/mm3, Neutrophil-55%, Lymphocyte-26%, Eosinophil-15%, Monocyte-04%, Basophil-
00%, Platelet-normal. What is your diagnosis? What are the causes of it? [69]
36. Short Note: Trephine biopsy [78,76,73] [A-317]
Thalassemia [71]
Pancytopenia [78]

D`qvw`ª 79 8
 LEUKEMIA
1. Define leukemia. Write down the laboratory investigations of acute leukemia.
[78,76,75,72,70] [A-403, 407]
2. What is leukemoid reaction? Give its types with examples. How will you differentiate it from
leukemia? [76,74,73] [A-420]
3. What are the indication of bone marrow examination? [74] previous
4. Write down the differences between lymphoblast and myeloblasts. What are the special
stains uses to differentiate these? [75,74] [A-410]
5. Define leukemia and leuko-erythroblastic blood picture. [78] [A-421]
6. Which age group is usually affected by ALL? (2-5 years)
7. Mention the laboratory diagnosis of ALL? [78, 72] [A-408]
8. What are the common presenting manifestations of AML? [77] [A-406]
9. What is/ Write in short about Philadelphia chromosome? [78,75] [A-415]
10. Mention the disorders associated with paraproteinaemia. [75] [A-430]
11. How multiple myeloma is diagnosed in the laboratory? [75] [A-431]
12. Write the laboratory findings of chronic granulocytic leukemia. What is Philadelphia
chromosome? [75] [A-415]
13. What is granulopoiesis? Mention the stages of granulopoiesis. What are the causes of
eosinophilia? [71] [A-304, 400]
14. Classify AML. [72] [A-405]
15. Give the PBF of CGL. [72] [A-414]
16. Give the blood picture of CGL. What is blast crisis? [71,70,69] [A-414, 417]
17. Classify leukemia. Write the bone marrow findings of acute leukemia. [69]
18. A man of 80 years presented with severe weakness, headache, bone pain and vertebral
collapse. X-ray of skull shows an osteolytic lesion. What is the probable diagnosis? How can
you confirm it? [Hints: Multiple myeloma] [78]
19. A male of 65 years complaining of low back pain for three months. X-ray spine shows
multiple punch out lesions. Hematological examination shows sky high ESR. What is your
diagnosis? What are the investigations you will perform the confirmation? [76]
20. A male of 75 years complaining of low back pain for four months. His x-ray shows multiple
punched out lesions. Hematological examination reveals sky rise of ESR. What is the possible
diagnosis? How will you confirm the case? [Hints: Multiple myeloma] [76]
21. A boy of 05 years presented with severe anaemia, sore throat, fever and gum bleeding. His
peripheral blood film shows gross leukocytosis with presence of immature cells and
thrombocytopenia. Write the provisional diagnosis with further confirmatory investigations.
[Hints: Leukemia (ALL)] [75]
22. A 7 years old boy come to you with fever & gum bleeding. Examination reveals
lymphadenopathy and bone pain. His peripheral blood shows immature leukocytes. What is
your provisional diagnosis? How will you confirm the diagnosis? [Hints: Leukemia (ALL)] [74]
D`qvw`ª 79 9
23. A boy of 7 years old has presented with fever, bone pain, bleeding, cervical
lymphadenopathy. What is your provisional diagnosis? Mention father investigation that you
will suggest. [Hints: Leukemia (ALL)] [72]
24. 55 years female present with bone pain, soft tissue swelling & punched out lesions in bone
X-Ray. What is your probable diagnosis? What investigation you will advise? [71]
25. SN: Leukemoid reaction [70,69]
Philadelphia chromosome [78]
Multiple myeloma [74]
Blast crisis [73,72]
Myeloproliferative disorders [76] [A-424]
Reed-Sternberg cell [77] [A-79]

BLEEDING DISORDER
1. What is ITP? How will you diagnose a case of ITP in the laboratory? Mention the clinical
presentation of ITP? [78,73,72,69] [A-445]
2. Name the screening tests for bleeding disorders/hemorrhagic disorders with their normal
values/ Name the hemorrhagic screening tests with their normal findings.
[76,75,74,73,71,70,69] [A-441]
3. Mention the conditions where bleeding time is prolonged. [73] [A-441]
4. What do you mean by hemorrhagic disorder? Classify hemorrhagic disorders/bleeding
disorders. [78,72,70,69] [A-438]
5. What are the hemorrhagic screening test/ What are the screening tests done for hemorrhagic
disorders? [77,72] [A-441]
6. Give the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of DIC. [77] [A-456, 457]
7. Define and classify polycythaemia. [75] [A-426]
8. What are the causes of thrombocytopenia? [76] [A-444]
9. Define and classify hemophilia. [76] [A-450]
10. Write in short about Von Willebrand disease. [75] [A-449]
11. Write clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis of haemophilia. [70,69] [A-451]
12. A 6 year old boy presented with repeated hemarthrosis of right knee joint. His maternal
uncle has history of massive bleeding during tooth extraction and circumcision. What is the
likely diagnosis? Give its lab diagnosis. [Hints: Haemophilia] [73]
13. SN: Polycythemia Vera[78, 77, 72] [A-427]
ITP [78,75,71]
DIC [75,74,70,69]
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1. Why cross matching is essential for blood transfusion? [77] [A-464]
2. List the name of important blood products with their indications. [77] [A-463]

D`qvw`ª 79 10
3. Mention the blood products commonly used for transfusion. [75]
4. Name the blood groups with their antigens. [78] [A-460]
5. What are the complications/hazards of blood transfusion? [76,71,70,69] [A-465]
6. What do you mean by hemolytic disease of newborn? How do these occur? How can you
prevent it? [73] [A-468]
7. Which anticoagulant is used in blood bank? [72] [A-474]
8. What are the blood products that can be transfused? [72] [A-462]
9. Mention the screening test done before blood transfusion. [72] [A-464]
10. SN: Rh incompatibility [71]
Mismatch blood transfusion [76] [A-466]

LYMPH NODE
1. Mention some important causes of generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. [76,74]
[A-76+85]
2. Define and classify lymphoma. [76,73] [A-78]
3. Classify Hodgkin lymphoma. [73] [A-80]
4. Mention the differences between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [76,74,72,71] [A-81]
5. What is Reed- Sternberg cell? [76,74] [A-79]
6. Describe a classic Reed-Stenberg cell. [73,72] [A-79]
7. A 33 years old man comes with generalized lymphadenopathy. What may be the possible
causes? Write down how Hodgkins' lymphoma differs from Non-Hodgkins' lymphoma. [75]
8. SN: RS cell. [77,76]

D`qvw`ª 79 11
 1ST TERM QUESTIONS
K-79
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
[Answer any 6 questions from (1-7) and any 3 questions from (8-11)
Question no. 12 are mandatory in both groups]
GROUP –A
1. Define proto-oncogenes & oncogenes with examples. State the difference between proto-
oncogenes & oncogenes. (2+1)
2. What do you mean by tumor grading and staging? Mention their importance. (1+2)
3. Write Short note on: (1.5+1.5)
a. Paraneoplastic syndrome.
b. Klinefelter Syndrome.
4. What is initiator and promoter? Give example of them. (1.5+1.5)
5. Write briefly on Autoimmunity and Graft rejection. (1.5+1.5)
6. Name some oncogenic viruses with associated tumor. (3)
7. What are the effects of tobacco smoking? State briefly about obesity. (1.5+1.5)
8. Define cancer cachexia. How will you diagnose a tumor in laboratory? (1+5)
9. Describe the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor. (6)
10. Define Hypersensitivity? Write down the mechanism of Type II Hypersensitivity. (1+5)
11. Write down the features of vitamin A deficiency. Mention some common malignant
neoplasm of infancy and childhood by age. (3+3)
12. A 10 years old girl Presented with mental retardation, short stature, flat facial profile and
simian crease. (2+2)
a. What is your provisional diagnosis?
b. What is the karyotype?
GROUP –B
1. Define hemolytic Anemia. Write down the intracorpuscular causes of hemolytic anemia. (1+2)
2. a) Mention the name of normal and abnormal hemoglobin. (1.5+1.5)
b) Write down the classification of thalassemia.
3. What is pancytopenia? Name some important causes of pancytopenia. (3)
4. a. What are the causes of leukemoid reaction? (1.5+1.5)
b. Give the differences between leukemoid reaction and leukemia.
5. Short note: (1.5+1.5)
a. Blast crisis.
b. Aplastic Anemia.
6. a) Mention the important adverse effects of mismatched blood transfusion? (2+1)
b) What do you mean by safe blood transfusion?
D`qvw`ª 79 12
7. A 70 years old lady presented with anemia, bone pain and soft tissue lesion. X-ray shows
osteolytic lesion. How will you confirm it? (3)
8. Name the causes of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia. How will you differentiate them in the
laboratory? (2+4)
9. a) Mention the source and clinical presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency. (2+4)
b) Give the laboratory diagnosis of Megaloblastic anemia?
10. a) Define Acute leukemia. (1+5)
b) Mention the laboratory diagnosis of Acute myeloid Leukemia.
11. a) Define bleeding disorders. (1+2+3)
b) What are the causes of hemorrhagic disorder?
c) How you will approach to diagnose bleeding disorder?
12. A boy of 12 years presented with gum bleeding. His bleeding time is prolonged but
coagulation time is normal. (2+2)
a) What is your probable diagnosis?
b) How you will confirm it?
Single Best Answer (SBA): Q1-Q10
Marks -20 Time: 30 minutes
1. A 35 years women with H/O menorrhagia, complains fatigue, palpitation and her Hb: 8gm/dl.
In PBF more appropriate finding is –
a) Fragmented cell
b) Target cell
c) Pencil cell 
d) Nucleated red cells
e) Macrocytic hypochromic cell

2. Most diagnostic bone marrow finding in chronic myeloid leukaemia is –

a) Hypercellularity 
b) Myeloblast > 50%
c) Presence of basophil
d) Segmented neutrophil 30-60%
e) Thrombocytosis

3. Most diagnostic finding of megaloblastic anaemia in peripheral blood smear is-

a) Target cell
b) Spherocytes
c) Howel Jolly body
d) Macroovalocytes 
e) Hypersegmented Neutrophil

D`qvw`ª 79 13
4. Which karyotype in most frequent in down syndrome-
a) 47, XX, + 21 
b) 47,XY,+21
c) 46,XX,der(14, 21)(q10;q10),+21
d) 46,XX / 47,XX,+21
e) 46, XX/ 47,XY,+21

5. Which one is the commonest malignant neoplasm of childhood having highest mortality-
a) Retinoblastoma
b) Wilms tumor
c) Lymphoma 
d) Ewing sarcoma
e) Hepatoblastoma

6. Which one is the surest sign of malignancy?

a) High mitotic activity
b) Poor differentiation
c) Tumor giant cells
d) Invasion and metastasis 
e) Lack of capsule

7. Which of the following cancers is most associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia ?

a) Renal cell carcinoma
b) Small cell lung carcinoma 
c) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
d) Pancreatic carcinoma
e) Breast cancer

8. Characteristics feature of Acute leukemia-

a) Total count of WBC increased
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) >20% blast cell in bone marrow and PBF
d) ≥ 20% blast cell in PBF and bone marrow 
e) Lymphadenopathy

9. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of a cancer
using the TNM system-
a) Tumor size
D`qvw`ª 79 14
b) Lymph node involvement
c) Presence of distant metastasis 
d) Tumor histologic grade
e) Total number of involved lymph node

10. A 65 years male presented with anemia, weakness, back pain and pathological fracture on
lumber vertebrae, X-ray shows multiple punched out lesion on vertebral column. Which one is
the most characteristic diagnostic feature of this case?
a) Sky high E.S.R
b) Urine protein electrophoresis
c) Serum protein electrophoresis
d) Plasmablast >30% in Bone Marrow 
e) Presence of Russel body

Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q11-20

11. Following paraneoplastic syndromes commonly occurs in lung carcinoma
a) SIADH – adenocarcinoma F
b) Hypercalcaemia – SCC T
c) Venous thrombosis- bronchogenic carcinoma T
d) Cushing Syndrome - small cell carcinoma T
e) Myasthenia - broncogenic carcinoma T

12. Reversible conditions are:

a) Mild dysplasia T
b) Anaplasia F
c) Metaplasia T
d) Hyperplasia T
e) Carcinoma in situ F

13. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia found in

a) Leukaemia F
b) Anaemia of chronic disease T
c) Lymphoma F
d) Iron deficiency anaemia T
e) Thalassaemia T

14. Features of anaplasia are:

a) Pleomorphism T
D`qvw`ª 79 15
b) N:C = 1: 4-6 F
c) Abnormal mitosis T
d) Invasion F
e) Loss of polarity T

15. Common childhood malignant Tumors are:

a) ALL T
b) AML F
c) Retinoblastoma T
d) Ewing Sarcoma T
e) Liposarcoma F

16. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction occurs:

a) Rheumatoid arthritis T
b) Contact dermatitis T
c) Type I DM T
d) Psoriasis T
e) Inflammatory bowel disease T

17. Features of thalassaemia major

a) Microcytic hypochromic anaemia T
b) HbA -98% F
c) HbF - 98.2% T
d) Reticulocytosis T
e) PBF - show many target cells T

18. Characteristic features of benign tumors:

a) Well differentiated T
b) Rapid growth F
c) Locally invasive F
d) Metastasis absent T
e) Infiltrating the surrounding tissue F

19. Causes of pancytopenia:

a) Aplastic anaemia T
b) Autoimmune disease T
c) Myelodysplastic Syndrome F
d) IDA F
e) Radiotherapy T
D`qvw`ª 79 16
20. Causes of Eosinophilia:
a) Hay Fever T
b) Psoriasis F
c) Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia T
d) Lofflers syndrome T
e) Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia T

K-79 (Supple)
Full marks-50 Time: 1.30 hours
[Answer any 7 questions from (1-8) and any 4 questions from (9-13)
Question no. 14 is mandatory]
1. Define neoplasia. Write down the behavioral classification of neoplasm with example. (1+2)
2. Name water soluble vitamins. Write down the source and deficiency effects of these vitamins.
Define anemia. Write down the morphological classification of anemia with examples. (1+2)
4. What is myelodysplastic syndrome? Write down the etiological factors of leukemia. (1.5+1.5)
5. What are the causes of leukemoid reaction. Write down the differences between leukemoid
reaction and leukemia. (1.5+1.5)
6. Write short notes on: (1.5+1.5)
a. Thalassaemia
b. Hemophilia
7. State the causes of bleeding disorder according to vascular & platelet defect. (3)
8. Write down the features of anaplasia. Name some locally malignant tumor. (1.5+1.5)
9. Write down the diagnostic tools of a tumor. (6)
10. Define tumor invasion. Discuss the mechanism of tumor invasion. (1+5)
11. Define Hypersensitivity. Write down the pathogenesis of immediate (type 1)
hypersensitivity. (1+5)
12. Name some diseases associated with occupational exposures. What are the effects of
alcoholism? (3+3)
13. Name some autosomal dominant disorders. Write down the salient features of autosomal
dominant disorders. (2+4)
14. An adolescent girl presented with primary amenorrhea. Physical examination revealed short
stature, webbing of neck, broad chest and small breast. (2+1+2)
a. What is likely diagnosis?
b. Mention the karyotype.
c. How will you diagnose this case?

D`qvw`ª 79 17
 K-79 (3rd Year)
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer all the questions, each question carries equal marks
1. Define cell injury. What are the causes of cell injury? Write about the effects of ATP depletion
in hypoxic cell injury.
2. What are the adaptive changes? Give the examples of hyperplasia with its clinical importance.
3. Define necrosis. What are the types of necrosis? Write down the differences between
necrosis & apoptosis.
4. Write short notes on: a) Apoptosis
b) Pathologic calcification
5. Define healing. Mention the factors affecting wound healing. What are the complications of
wound healing?
6. Define thrombi. Write a brief about the sources and consequences of pulmonary embolism.
7. Define inflammation. What are the differences between acute and chronic inflammation.
Give their examples.
8. Define granuloma. Give the examples of granulomatous inflammation. What type of necrosis
is found in tuberculosis?
9. Define infarct and its types. What are the factors affecting infarct formation?
10. Define and classify shock. What are the stages of shock?
11. What are the vascular events of inflammation? Mention the morphologic variants of acute
inflammation.
12. Write short notes on: a) Phagocytosis
b) Virchow's triad
13. What are free radicals and how they are formed? Mention the pathologic effects of free
radicals.
14. Classify the pathophysiologic categories of edema. Define hyperemia and congestion. What
is heart failure cell and nutmeg liver?
15. A male of 40 years was admitted in hospital after road traffic accident. He suddenly became
unconscious and his vitals were also unrecordable. What is the most likely diagnosis. What may
be the complications in such case?
16. A girl of 14 years came with right iliac fossa tenderness, fever and raised ESR. What is the
probable diagnosis? What chemical mediators are responsible for such condition?

D`qvw`ª 79 18
 K-78
Full marks-80 Time: 3.00 hours
Answer any eight questions from each group
Question no 9 is compulsory
GROUP –A
1. What is cell injury? State the cellular and tissue response to different types of injury? 1+4
2. Define Apoptosis. Mention the cause and consequences of mitochondrial damage in cell
injury. 1+4
3. Mention the sequences of vascular events in acute inflammation. Explain the statements
‘Inflammation is a protective response but may be potentially harmful’ 3+2
4. What are the cells of chronic inflammation? Give morphological characteristics of chronic
inflammation? Differences between immune and non-immune granuloma. 1+2+2
5. Define metastasis. Discuss in short, the mechanism of invasion. Name three locally invasive
tumor. 1+3+1
6. Write down five important childhood tumor. Enumerate the oncogenic microbes with the
name of tumor they produce. 2+3
7. What is thrombi? Explain how endothelial injury and changes in blood flow cause thrombus
formation. 1+4
8. Short Note : a) Para-neoplastic syndrome. 2.5+2.5
b) Turner’s Syndrome.
8. A male of 38 years was hospitalized for fractures of femur. Two weeks after admission he
suddenly developed chest pain, cough and hemoptysis. What is the most likely diagnosis? What
is the cause of this complication. 5
GROUP -B
1. Define Anemia. Classify morphological types of anemia. Give the blood film and bone-marrow
findings of megaloblastic anemia. 0.5+3.5
2. What do you mean by thalassemia? What are its types? How will you diagnose a case of B
thalassemia major in the laboratory? 1+1+3
3. What is pancytopenia? How will you diagnose a case of pancytopenia in the laboratory?1+4
4. Define Leukemia. Differentiate between a myeloblast and lymphoblast. How will you
diagnose a case of ALL in the laboratory. 1+1.5+2.5
5. What do you mean by hemorrhagic disorder? How will you diagnose a case of ITP in the
laboratory? 2+3
6. S/N: A) Trephine Biopsy
B) Polycythemia Vera 2.5+2.5
7. Define leukemia and leuko-erythroblastic blood picture. Write in short about Philadelphia
chromosome. 2.5+2.5
8. Name the blood groups with their antigens. What are the blood products commonly used?

D`qvw`ª 79 19
9. A man of 80 years presented with severe weakness, headache, bone pain and vertebral
collapse. X-ray of skull shows an osteolytic lesion. What is the probable diagnosis? How can you
confirm it? 5

K-78 (Supple)
Full marks-50 Time: 1.00 hour
Answer all the questions
1. Write down the different types of adaptive changes with examples. What are the merits and
demerits of metaplasia? 4+4
2. Define hyperemia and congestion. Write down the mechanism of edema in hepatic failure.
3. What is inflammation? What are the causes of inflammation? Write the major components
of acute inflammation. 2+6
4. Write down the normal & abnormal hemoglobin. How can you diagnose a case of thalassemia
in the laboratory? 2+6
5. Short note: (1) Pancytopenia, (2) ITP 5+5
6. Define leukemia. How will you diagnose a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)? 2+6

K-77
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer all questions from each group
All questions carry equal number
GROUP –A
1. What are free radicals? How they are produced? How do they cause cell injury? 1+1+3
2. What is ischemic necrosis? What are the differences between coagulative and liquefactive
necrosis? 1+4
3. What do you mean by apoptosis? What are the morphological and biochemical
characteristics of apoptosis? 1+4
4. What are the components of acute inflammation? Mention the important cytokines involved
in inflammatory reactions. Write down the major role of IL and TNF in acute inflammation.
5. Write short notes on: a) Autosomal recessive disorder. 2.5+2.5
b)Tumor suppressor genes.
6. Write down the sequential steps that should be taken for tumor diagnosis. What are the roles
of immunohistochemistry in tumor diagnosis? Name four childhood neoplasm. 2+2+1
7. A 40 yrs male has high blood pressure for prolonged period. What will be the effects on
myocardium? State its interpretation. Write about the mechanism of this condition. 3+2
8. A male of 27 yrs has history of cough and hemoptysis for 4 months with low grade fever. He
also has enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. What microscopic findings do you expect? Write
the ancillary tests for the further evaluation of the disease. 5

D`qvw`ª 79 20
 GROUP -B
1. What information can you get from PBF? Write down the developmental stages of RBC.
3+2
2. What is thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy? Give the laboratory diagnosis of beta-
thalassemia major. 2+3
3. Compare and contrast warm and cold antibody regarding AIHA. Write down the general
evidences of hemolysis. What is coomb's test? 2+2+1
4. What are the common presenting manifestations of AML? How will you proceed to diagnose
AML? 2+3
5. S/N: A) Leucoerythroblastic blood picture.
B) Polycythemia rubra vera 2.5+2.5
6. What are the screening tests done for hemorrhagic disorders? Give the pathogenesis and lab
diagnosis of DIC. 2+3
7. Why cross matching is essential for blood transfusion? List the name of important blood
products with their indications. 2+3
8. A 50 yrs old male clinically diagnosed of having bleeding peptic ulcer for last 1 yr, has
developed pallor. His Hb% is 9.0 gm/dl. What morphological type of anaemia do you expect on
blood picture? What changes will occur in his iron profile? State the causes of such type of
anaemia. 5

K-76
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer any 8 questions from each group
All questions carry equal number. Question no 9 is compulsory
Group A
1. Name cellular adaptations with examples. What are the merits and demerits of metaplasia?
2. Define inflammation. Explain the statement ‘Inflammation is a protective response but may
be potentially harmful’.
3. What are the types of shock? State the pathogenesis of septic shock.
4. What are the oncogenic microbes? Name the tumors related to these viruses.
5. Name the different pathways of tumor spread. Enumerate the sequential steps of
hematogenous spread of tumors.
6. Define karyotyping. Why sex-linked disorder is called X-linked disorder? Give three important
criteria of Autosomal dominant disorders.
7. What is autoimmunity? Classify hypersensitivity reactions with examples.
8. Draw and level a granuloma. Give some examples of granulomatous inflammation.
9. A male of 40 years was hospitalized for femur fracture. One week later, he suddenly
developed chest pain, cough and hemoptysis. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the
cause of such complication?
D`qvw`ª 79 21
 Group B
1. Define anemia. Write down the morphological classification of anemia. How will you
differentiate among the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia by laboratory investigations?
2. Mention the differences between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. What is
hemolytic uremic syndrome?
3. What is lymphoma? Mention the differences between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Write short notes on: a) Myeloproliferative disorders
b) Reed- Sternberg cell.
5. Define leukemia. Write down the laboratory investigations of acute leukemia.
6. Define and classify hemophilia. Mention the causes of thrombocytopenia.
7. Define leukemoid reaction. How it differs from leukemia?
8. What the indications of bone marrow examination? Mention the complications of blood
transfusion.
9. A male of 75 years complaining of low back pain for four months. His x-ray shows multiple
punched out lesions. Hematological examination reveals sky rise of ESR. What is the possible
diagnosis? How will you confirm the case?

K-76 (Supple)
Answer all question
Time: 1.00 Hour
1. Define necrosis. Mention the types of necrosis. Mention the complications of wound healing.
2. Write short notes on- i. free radicals
ii. Virchow's triad in thrombosis.
3. What are the oncogenic viruses? Name four tumors related to these viruses. Give the
laboratory investigations of tumor
4. Define inflammation. Explain the statement "Inflammation is a protective response but may
be potentially harmful".
5. What is shock & mention its types? State the pathogenesis of septic shock.
6. Write down the morphological classification of anemia. Enumerate the causes of microcytic
hypochromic anemia. Give the laboratory investigations of iron deficiency anemia.
7. Name the hemorrhagic screening tests with their normal findings.
8. Define & classify leukemoid reaction with examples. Write the differences between
leukemoid recaction & leukemia.
9. Write short notes on- i. Mismatch blood transfusion
ii. Trephine biopsy.
10. A male of 65 years complaining of low back pain for three months. X-ray spine shows
multiple punch out lesions. Hematological examination shows sky high ESR. What is your
diagnosis? What are the investigations you will perform the confirmation.

D`qvw`ª 79 22
 K-75
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer any 8 questions from each group
(All questions carry equal marks)
No 10 and 20 are compulsory from both groups.
Group A
1. Write down the different types of adaptive changes with examples. Mention the causes of
atrophy. 3+2
2. Mention the types of necrosis with examples. Write in brief about the biochemical
mechanism leading to cell membrane damage. 2+3
3. Give morphological pattern of acute inflammation. Mention the role of Arachidonic acid
metabolites in acute inflammation. 3+2
4. Mention the role of tumor markers in the diagnosis of tumor. Enumerate the genes
responsible for neoplasia. 3+2
5. Write short notes on: i) Embolism 2.5+2.5
ii) Paraneoplastic syndrome.
6. Define granuloma? What are the examples of granulomatous diseases? 2+3
7. Write down the pathologic features of pulmonary embolism. Define decompression sickness.
3+2
8. Define mutation. What are the types of mutation? Name four examples of autosomal
recessive disorders. 1+2+2
9. Mention the causes of obesity. What are the deficiency features of Vitamin D? 2+3
10. A girl of 9 yrs develops red and painful swelling of back of thigh with increase in local
temperature. What is your diagnosis? What chemical mediators are responsible for pain and
swelling? 2+3
Group B
11. Classify hemolytic anaemia with examples. What are the evidences of hemolysis in PBF?
3+2
12. What is leukaemia? How a myeloblast differs from a lymphoblast? What are the special
stains uses to differentiate these? 1+2+2
13. What are the screening tests done for bleeding disorders? Write in short about Von
Willbrand disease. 2.5+2.5
14. Give the sources of Vitamin B12 and folic acid. Mention the PBF findings of megaloblastic
macrocytic anemia. 2+3
15. Write short notes on: i) ITP ii) DIC 2.5+2.5
16. Give five indications of bone marrow examination? Mention the blood products commonly
used for transfusion. 2+3
17. Define and classify polycythaemia. Give the laboratory diagnosis of aplastic amaemia.
D`qvw`ª 79 23
18. Write the laboratory findings of chronic granulocytic leukemia. What is Philadelphia
chromosome? 3+2
19. Mention the disorders associated with paraproteinaemia. How multiple myeloma is
diagnosed in the laboratory? 2+3
20. A boy of 05 years presented with severe anaemia, sore throat, fever and gum bleeding. His
peripheral blood film shows gross leukocytosis with presence of immature cells and
thrombocytopenia. Write the provisional diagnosis with further confirmatory investigations.

K-74
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:30 hours
Answer all questions
Group: A (General Pathology)
1. What is Virchow's triad? Describe the role of platelet in thrombus formation. Write in short
about the vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation.
2. a. What is shock? What are the types of shock? What are the effects of septic shock?
b. What is granuloma? Name some granulomatous diseases. Write down the
pathogenesis of immune granuloma?
3. (a) A 60 years male has a history of chain smoking. What type of adaptive change do you
expect in his respiratory tract? What are the merits and demerits of this change?
(b) What are the free radicals? How they are produced? Describe the role of free radicals in cell
injury in short.
4. Write short notes on: (a) Complements
(b) Cancer cachexia
5. Define neoplasia. What are the differences between benign and malignant neoplasm? Name
the diagnostic tools for cancer. Write the importance of immunohistochemistry.
Group: B (Hematology)
1. (a)Name the screening tests for bleeding disorders with their normal values.
(b) What is thalassemia and haemoglobinopathies? Why thalassemia is a genetic disease?
2. (a) What is anaemia? Write down the morphological classification of anaemia.
(b) What are the causes of microcytic hypochromic anaemia? Give the lab diagnosis of
iron deficiency anaemia.
3. (a) A 7 year old boy come to you with fever & gum bleeding Examination revels
lymphadenopathy and bone pain. His peripheral blood shows immature leukocytes. What is
your provisional diagnosis? How will your confirm the diagnosis.
(b) What are the differences between leukaemold reaction and leukaemia?
4. Write short notes on- (a) Multiple myeloma
(b) DIC
5. (a) What is dry tap and blood tap? Mention their causes. Give the bone marrow picture
of aplastic anaemia.
D`qvw`ª 79 24
 (b) What are the indications of bone marrow examination? Write down the differences
between lymphoblasts and myeloblasts.

K-73
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:30 hours
Answer all questions.
Group-A (General Pathology)
1. What are the free radicals? When are they produced? Describe in short the role of free
radicals in cell injury.
2. What do you mean by differentiation and anaplasia? How is tumor grading & staging done?
3. What is metaplasia? Give example. Write down the differences between metaplasia &
neoplasia.
4. A 34 years old male presented with severe vomiting for 2 days. What will be the metabolic
abnormalities?
5. An adolescent girl presented with primary amenorrhea. Physical examination revealed short
stature, webbing of neck, broad chest & small breasts. What is the likely diagnosis? Mention its
Karyotype. What cardiac disorder found in this disorder?
6. What do you mean by angiogenesis? Write down the steps of angiogenesis.
7. What are the fat soluble vitamins? Mention the diseases caused by their deficiencies.
8. Write short notes on : a) Karyotype
b) Septic shock
Group-B (Hematology)
1. What is ITP? Give its lab diagnosis.
2. What is leukemoid reaction? How will you differentiate it from leukemia?
3. Classify anemia on morphological basis. Give the lab diagnosis of aplastic anemia.
4. What is thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy? How can you diagnose a case of thalassemia in
laboratory?
5. Name the screening tests for bleeding disorders with their normal values. Mention the
conditions where bleeding time is prolonged.
6. What do you mean by hemolytic disease of newborn? How do these occur? How can you
prevent it?
7. A 6 year old boy presented with repeated hemarthrosis of right knee joint. His maternal uncle
has history of massive bleeding during tooth extraction and circumcision. What is the likely
diagnosis? Give its lab diagnosis.
8. Write short notes on : a) Blast crisis
b) Trephine boipsy

D`qvw`ª 79 25
 K-72
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:30 hours
Answer any eight questions from the of each group
Group-A (General Pathology)
1. (a) What are the cellular adaptive changes? Give example of metaplasia.
(b) Why metaplasia is called to as two edged sword?
2. What are the vascular changes of inflammation? State the pathophysiological classification of edema.
3. What is granuloma? List five causes of granulomatous inflammation. Give the mechanism of
immune granuloma.
4. What are the factors that influence wound healing? Mention the complications of wound healing.
5. What do you mean by apoptosis? Differentiate apoptosis from necrosis.
6. Mention the features of anaplasia. What do you mean by tumor staging and grading?
7. Short note: (a) Paraneoplastic syndrome (b) Metabolic alkalosis
8. A female of 20 years presents with acute swelling with pain and redness on forearm. What is
your provisional diagnosis? What are the chemical mediators of pain here?
9. A 55 years old male has a blood pressure of 150/100 mm hg. Mention the adaptive changes
that will work or if BP persists high for long time. Mention the differences between hypertrophy
and hyperplasia.
Group-B (Hematology)
1. Write down the morphological classification of anemia with examples. How will you diagnose
a case of Beta thalassemia?
2. What do you mean by leukemia? How will you proceed to diagnose a case of ALL in the
laboratory?
3. Mention the cause of pancytopenia. Give the laboratory diagnosis of ITP.
4. Classify hemorrhagic disorders. What are the hemorrhagic screening test?
5. Classify AML. Give the PBF of CGL.
6. What are the blood products that can be transfused? Which anticoagulant is used in blood
bank? Mention the screening test done before blood transfusion
7. Short note (a) Blast crisis
(b) Polycythemia
8. A male of 50 years with long chronic duodenal ulcer has developed excessive vomiting. What
will be his electrolyte and acid-base status?
9. A boy of 7 years old has presented with fever, bone pain, bleeding, cervical lymphadenopathy.
What is your provisional diagnosis? Mention father investigation that you will suggest.

D`qvw`ª 79 26
 K-71
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:30 hours
Answer question no 5 and any three (3) from the of each group
Group-A
1. (a)What are the patterns of reversible cell injury? Mention the light microscopic and
ultrastructural changes. 3
(b) Describe a granuloma with diagram. Name 5 cause of granulomatous inflammation. 3
2. (a) What are the vascular changes of acute inflammation? Give an outline about the vascular
event. 3
(b) What is metaplasia? Give example. Write down the difference between metaplasia &
neoplasia. 3
3. (a) What Are the factors that influence wound healing? What are the complications of wound
healing? 3
b) Mention the features of autosomal dominant disorder. Give three examples. 3
4. Short note: (a) Type of hypersensitivity with example. 3+3
(b) Fate of primary TB.
5. A female of 20 yrs. presents with acute swelling on forearm with pain and redness. What is
your diagnosis? What are the causes of pain here? 2
Group-B
1. (a) Mention the morphological classification of anemia & give example. 3
(b) What are the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia? 3
2. (a) Classify intracorpuscular causes of hemolytic anemia. 3
(b) Give the lab diagnosis & bone marrow finding of macrocytic anemia. 3
3. (a) What are the complications of blood transfusion? 3
(b) Give the blood picture of CGL. What is blast crisis? 3
4. Short note: (a) Thalassemia. 3+3
(b) ITP
5. Name the screening test of hemorrhagic disorders with normal values. 2
Group-C
1. (a) What are the risk factors of atherosclerosis? 3
(b) Mention the complication of MI. What are the enzymes increases in MI? 3
2. (a) Write down the differences between Hodgkin and non- Hodgkin lymphoma. 3
(b) Mention the type of infective endocarditis with causative organism and complication. 3
3. (a) What are the causes of eosinophilia? What are the normal hemoglobin? 3
(b) What are the points to be noted during bone marrow examination? 3
4. Short note: (a) Rh incompatibility. 3+3
(b) Jones criteria.

D`qvw`ª 79 27
5. 55 years female present with bone pain, soft tissue swelling & punched out lesions in bone
X-Ray. What is your probable diagnosis? What investigation you will advise? 2
Group-D
1. (a) Name the pathological category of edema. Write down the mechanism of edema in heart
failure? 3
(b) What do you mean by tumor staging and grading? 3
2. (a) What are the features of anaplasia? Mention the compensatory mechanism of the shock.
(b) Mention the fate of thrombus. Name the important electrolytes with its normal values.
3. (a) Name childhood tumors according to age. What is PEM? 3
(b) What are the complications of vit-A deficiency? 3
4. Short note: (a) Indoor air pollution. 3+3
(b) Paraneoplastic syndrome.
5. A 34 yrs. Male present with vomiting for two days. What will be the metabolic abnormalities?

K-69
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer any eight questions including question No: 9
1. (a) What are the cellular responses to injurious stimuli? Define metaplasia. Give examples of
different types of metaplasia.
(b) What is apoptosis? How does it differ from necrosis? Write the patterns of necrosis. 1+2+2
2. (a) Define acute inflammation. What are the vascular changes of acute inflammation? What
are the differences between exudates and transudates? 1+2+2
(b) What are the steps of phagocytosis? Write oxygen dependent mechanism in microbial
killing. 2+3
3. (a) Write the features of chronic inflammation. Name 5 causes of granulomatous
inflammation. Mention local factors influencing on healing. 2+1+2
(b) Write the steps of wound healing. Mention the complications of wound healing. 3+2
4. (a) What is Virchow's triad? Name the different types of emboli. Write factors influencing on
infarction. 1+2+2
(b) What is shock? Mention the types of shock. Give the pathogenesis of septic shock. 1+2+2
5. (a) What are the features of anaplasia? What do you mean by Grading and Staging of tumor?
(b) Write the differences between benign and malignant tumor. Write the mechanism involved
in the spread of tumor. 2+3
6. (a) Define PEM. What measures help in diagnosis of PEM? How does marasmus differ from
kwashiorkor? 1+2+2
(b) Define autoimmune disease. Name 5 organ- specific autoimmune disease. What are the
differences between active and passive immunity? 1+2+2
7. (a) Write causes of Pancytopenia. Give the bone marrow findings of aplastic anemia. 3+2
(b) Mention the causes of Iron deficiency anaemia. What is Iron profile? 3+2
D`qvw`ª 79 28
8. (a) What are the causes of Microcytic hypochromic anaemia? Give the laboratory diagnosis
of thalassemia major. 2+3
(b) Mention the RBC indices with their normal values. Give the morphological classification of
anaemia. Mention the causes of Megaloblastic anaemia. 1+2+2
9. Write short notes on: (a) Pathological calcification
(b) Paraneoplastic syndrome
(c) Systemic thromboembolism.

D`qvw`ª 79 29
 PATHOLOGY 2nd Term
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY

CVS
1. Mention the tumors of blood vessels. [K-76] [A-23]
2. What is atheroma? What is atherosclerosis? [K-78, 76, 74] [A-27, 28]
3. What are the components of atheromatous plaque? Mention the predisposing factors and
complication of this plaque. [K-77, 76, 72] [A-28, 29, 31, 34]
4. What are the consequences of atherosclerotic plaque? [K-79]
5. Give the role of atheromatous plaque in producing myocardial infarction. [K-74]
6. Mention the major/ What are the risk factors of atherosclerosis? [K-79, 76, 75, 73] [A-31]
7. What are the fates of atherosclerotic plaque? [K-75] [A-35]
8. Name the congenital heart disease. [K-76] [A-45]
9. Name the ischemic heart diseases with the risk factors. [K-73] [A-52, 53]
10. Briefly discuss the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. [K-76] [A-56, 57]
11. Mention some important risk factors and complications of myocardial infarction. [K-77] [A-
56, 61]
12. Name the cardiac biomarkers. Interpret their values following an event of myocardial
infarction. [K-79, 78, 77, 73] [A-59]
13. What is rheumatic fever? [K-74] [A-64]
14. Write down the etiopathogenesis of rheumatic fever. [K-74] [A-66, 67]
15. Mention the diagnostic criteria. / What are the Jone’s criteria? [K-74] [A-65]
16. Give the lipid profile (components/tests) with normal value/normal range. [K-77, 75, 74, 69]
[A-487]
17. What is vegetation? Write the classification and pathogenesis of infective endocarditis.
Mention its complications. [K-78] [A-64, 70, 71, 72]
18. What is infective endocarditis? Mention the types. What is vegetation? [K-79] [A-64, 70]
19. A 50-year-old male suddenly developed severe chest pain. He also experienced palpitation
and profuse sweating. On examination, his blood pressure was found to be 75/50 mmHg. What
is the most likely provisional diagnosis? Explain the underlying cause of his hypotension. [K-79]
20. A 55 Years old man comes with sudden fever, chest pain with sweating and vomiting. What
is year provisional diagnosis? Mention important cardiac enzymes to confirm your diagnosis.
[Hints: MI] [K-75] [A-59]
21. Why high level of LDL is harmful? [K-69] [A-492]
22. SN: Vegetation [K-72] [A-64]

D`qvw`ª 79 30
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. What do you mean by obstructive and restrictive airway disease? [K-76] [A-93, 104]
2. What is emphysema? What are the types of emphysema? [K-79, 78, 76, 73, 72, 71] [A-94]
3. What are the complications of emphysema? [K-79]
4. Give the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. [K-78, 76, 73, 72, 71] [A-95]
5. What is pneumonia? [K-78, 74] [A-107]
6. Define and classify pneumonia. [K-76, 71] [A-107, 108]
7. What are the stages of bacterial lobar pneumonia? How will you investigate such a case. [K-
78, 76, 71] [A-111, 112]
8. Name the etiologic agents and complication of Pneumonia. [K-74] [A-109, 112]
9. Write down the complications of bacterial pneumonia. [K-76] [A-112]
10. Name the investigations to diagnose a case of pneumonia. [K-74] [A-112]
11. Classify lung tumors. What are the risk factors for developing lung carcinoma? Discuss
molecular changes in different types of lung carcinomas. [K-79]
12. Give the WHO classification of bronchogenic carcinoma. [K-75] [A-124, 125]
13. Write down the investigations of a case of pulmonary neoplasm. [K-75] [A-130]
14. A male of 50 years, has complaints of chest pain and cough for 4 months. His chest X-ray
shows opacity and on clinical examination, a hard supraclavicular lymph node was detected.
What is your probable diagnosis? What other investigations should you do? [K-78] [A-132]
15. A male of 30 yrs presented with evening rise of temperature, cough and cervical
lymphadenopathy. What is your provisional diagnosis? Write down the lab diagnosis to
establish the disease. [Hints: MTB] [K-77] [A-130]
16. What is Ghon complex? [K-71] [A-117]
17. Write down the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. [K-71] [A-116]
18. Give the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. [K-71] [A-121]
19. Classify lung tumor. [K-72] [A-124]
20. Name the genetic basis of adenocarcinoma of lung. [K-72] [A-125, EGFR Gene]
21. SN: Bronchiectasis [K-76] [A-102]
Pneumoconiosis [K-71] [A-105]

GIT
1. Classify the tumors of salivary gland. [K-77, 76] [A-141]
2. Mention the risk factors for esophageal carcinoma. [K-76] [A-151]
3. What is achalasia? [K-76] [A-146]
4. Mention the types and causes of gastritis. [K-76] [A-155, 156]
5. What are the ulcerative lesions of GIT/ Name the different types of ulcers of GIT. [K-76, 75, 74]
[A-158]
6. Mention the malignant lesions of GIT. [K-74] [A-153]
D`qvw`ª 79 31
7. Enumerate the morphology of peptic ulcer with diagram? [K-77] [A-162, 163]
8. Write down the predisposing factors of peptic ulcer. Give the complications of peptic ulcer.
Write in brief about the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. [K-78, 77, 76] [A-160, 146]
9. How will you differentiate a benign ulcer and malignant ulcer? [K-76, 74, 71] [A-164]
10. What are the inflammatory bowel diseases? [K-78, 77, 73, 72, 71] [A-172, 179]
11. Write down the differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn‘s disease. [K-79, 78, 77,
75, 73, 72, 71] [A-182]
12. Describe briefly the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. [K-79]
13. Mention the risk factors of gastric carcinoma. [K-71] [A-167, 168]
14. A man of 55 years presented with altered bowel habit, frequent bloody stool, anorexia and
weight loss. His colonoscopy reveals an ulcerative lesion in the colon. What are the differential
diagnoses? How will confirm the case? [Hints: DDs: Ulcerative colitis, Ca Colon; For
confirmation: Colonoscopic biopsy followed by histopathology] [K-74] [A-185, 186, 187]
15. SN: Premalignant conditions of GIT [K-79]
GIST [K-76] [A-166]
Carcinoid tumor [K-73, 72, 71] [A-183]
Pleomorphic adenoma [K-75] [A-142]
Villous adenoma, Pathogenesis of PUD [K-78] [A-188, 160]
Polyp of GIT [K-77] [A-187]
Autoimmune gastritis [K-71] [A-156]
Hirschsprung Disease [K-71] [A-174, 175]

LIVER
1. Define liver cirrhosis. [K-78, 77, 75, 74, 73, 72] [A-197]
2. What are the causes of liver cirrhosis? [K-76, 73, 72] [A-198]
3. Mention macroscopic and microscopic features of cirrhosis of liver. [K-75] [A-199, 200]
4. Write the pathogenesis of ascites in cirrhosis/ How ascites develops in cirrhosis of liver? [K-
78, 76] [A-203]
5. Name the etiology and consequence of cirrhosis of liver. [K-72] [A-202]
6. Write down the causes of portal hypertension. [K-74] [A-205]
7. What are the consequences of portal hypertension? [K-74] [A-206]
8. Name the hepatotropic viruses. [K-79, 78] [A-206]
9. Discuss the clinical outcome of hepatitis B virus infection. [K-78] [A-207]
10. Write in Short about the serological marker of Hepatitis B virus. [K-79]
11. Define jaundice. What are the types of jaundice? [K-78, 73] [A-400]
12. Give important differences between three types of jaundice. [K-70, 69] [A-401, 402]
13. Describe the liver function tests. [K-78, 77, 75, 73, 70, 69] [A-393, 394]
14. Male 36 yrs has history blood transfusion. Now he is icteric and presenting with abdominal
D`qvw`ª 79 32
 distention, weight loss, nausea, vomiting and fever. Mention the hepatic markers. What are
the other laboratory tests would be useful in diagnosis of this case? [Hints: HCV] [K-76] [A-211]
15. A male of 50 years having history of recent blood transfusion presented with jaundice,
weakness, anemia and right hypochondriac pain and high SGPT. Give the provisional diagnosis.
What are the possible outcome of such cases? [Hints: Hepatitis B] [K-74] [A-207]
16. A male of 40 years having history of blood transfusion presented with nausea, vomiting,
severe weakness, mild fever, jaundice and right hypochondriac pain. What is your probable
diagnosis? Mention its outcome. [Hints: Hepatitis B] [K-71] [A-207]
17. SN: Liver function test [K-72] [A-398]
Conjugated bilirubin. [K-70] [A-394]

RENAL SYSTEM
1. Name glomerular diseases. Classify glomerular disease. [K-76] [A-228]
2. What is nephritic syndrome? [K-78, 75, 73] [A-229]
3. Give the causes of nephritic syndrome. [K-73] [A-230]
4. What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome? [K-79]
5. State the pathogenesis of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. [K-78, 75] [A-230,
231]
6. Write the urinary findings of acute glomerulonephritis. [K-79, 73] [A-233]
7. What are the differences between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome? [K-78, 77] [A-234]
8. What is pyelonephritis? Write down the causes of pyelonephritis. Give the morphological
features and consequence of chronic pyelonephritis. [K-79]
9. What is massive proteinuria? Write down the causes of massive proteinuria. [K-77, 70, 69]
[A-416]
10. What is Azotemia? [K-79]
11. What are the important renal function tests? [K-79, 76] [A-406, 407]
12. What are the risk factors of urinary bladder carcinoma? [K-76] [A-249]
13. What is proteinuria? [K-70] [A-415]
14. Write common causes of proteinuria. [K-69] [A-415, 416]
15. A 60 years old male, presented with a mass in left loin, having painless hematuria. What is
your probable diagnosis? How will you confirm it? [K-78] [A-235]
16. A girl of 13 years has sudden, low urinary output with coco- colored urine. She also has
puffiness of face fore last three days. She has a history of skin infection three week back. What
are your clinical diagnoses? What will be the urinary findings of this case? [K-76] [A-233]
17. A 5 years old boy comes with swelling of face, followed by generalized edema. He also
complains of loss of appetite & fatigue. What is your provisional diagnosis? What are the lab
findings to confirm the diagnosis? [Hints: Nephrotic Syndrome] [K-75] [A-236]

D`qvw`ª 79 33
18. A boy of 8 years old presented with puffiness of face with scanty high colored urine
formation, raised blood pressure. What is your provisional diagnosis? How would you
investigate such a case? Mention the investigations. [Hints: AGN] [K-72] [A-235]
19. A boy of seven years presented with high colored urine, generalized edema, fever and
hypertension. He had sore throat 15 days ago. What is your probable diagnosis? What
investigations will you suggest? [Hints: AGN] [K-71] [A-235]
20. An 8 yrs. boy presented with edema, raised blood pressure and RBC cast in urine. What is
your probable diagnosis/how would you proceed to investigate this case? [Hints: AGN] [K-70]
21. Short Notes: Azotemia [K-73, 70, 69] [A-413]
Polycystic kidney disease [K-74] [A-227]
Classification of bladder tumor [K-78] [A-249]

MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

1. Classify testicular tumor. [K-79, 78, 76] [A-251]
2. Classify germ cell tumor of testis. [K-73] [A-251, 252]
3. Name the tumor marker for testicular tumor. [K-79]
4. Give the morphology of seminoma. [K-78, 73] [A-253]
5. Give the differences between seminomatous and nonseminomatous tumors of testis. [K-78]
[A-256]
6. How will you investigate a case of testicular mass? [K-77, 76] [A-257]
7. What are the indications of semen analysis? [K-77, 76, 75, 74, 71] [A-449]
8. Name the component of semen analysis with normal value. [K-76, 75, 74] [A-450]
9. How will you asses a case of male infertility? [K-79]
10. What are the causes of azoospermia? [K-75, 74, 71] [A-452, 453]
11. What is asthenozoospermia? [K-79, 76] [A-451, 453]
12. Define Teratazoospermia. [K-79]
13. What is azoospermia? [K-71] [A-452]
14. What is Teratoma? Mention the morphology of teratoma. [K-71] [A-255, 256]
15. A male of 26 years developed painless left testicular swelling. Name the tumor markers that
can help in diagnosis. How can you establish the diagnosis? [Hints: Testicular Tumor; Markers:
AFP, HCG, LDH] [K-73] [A-257]
16. SN: Azoospermia [K-72] [A-452]

FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM

1. Name the pre-malignant lesion of uterine cervix? [K-74] [A-267]
2. What is CIN? [K-72] [A-267]
3. Mention the role of HPV in pathogenesis of cervical cancer. [K-74] [A-270]
4. What are the high risk HPVs? [K-74] [A-270]
D`qvw`ª 79 34
5. Mention the important risk factors and diagnostic tools for carcinoma of cervix. [K-72] [A-
269, 273]
6. Write about pap's smear screening test. [K-79]
7. Define Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) & Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding (DUB). [K-79]
8. Mention the causes of AUB According to age group. [K-79, 76] [A-276]
9. What is endometriosis? [K-76, 73, 71] [A-278]
10. What are the common sites of endometriosis? What are its complications? [K-77, 73, 71]
[A-278, 279]
11. What is adenomyosis? What are its complications? [K-76, 71] [A-280]
12. Classify ovarian tumour. [K-78, 77, 72, 71] [A-284, 285]
13. What is chocolate cyst? [K-72] [A-279]
14. What is dermoid cyst? Describe the morphology of dermoid cyst. [A-287]
15. A female of 45 years old complains lower abdominal pain with foul smelling vaginal
discharge. On examination of cervix appears ulcerated and bleeds on touch. What is the
provisional diagnosis? Give the investigations need to confirm the diagnosis. [K-78, 77] [A-273]
16. Female of 25 yrs came with abdominal pain and lump. She also had fever, anorexia and
weight loss. Her radiological evidence revealed a heterogenous mass at pelvic region. Her other
biochemical evidences are quite normal except tumor markers. What are the possible
differentials? How do you proceed to confirm the diagnosis? [K-76]
17. A 60 years old female presented with irregular per vaginal bleeding for one month after
menopause. Her P/V examination reveals apparently healthy cervix but with bloody discharge.
What is your provisional diagnosis? How can you confirm it? [Hints: Endometrial carcinoma]
[K-75] [A-282]
18. A female of 50 years presented with lower abdominal pain and per vaginal bleeding.
Colonoscopy finding shows ulceration. What is your probable diagnosis? How will you confirm?
[Hints: Ca Cervix] [K-71] [A-273]
19. Short Note: Premalignant conditions of Cervix [K-79]
DUB [K-71] [A-277]
Pap smear [K-74] [A-274]
Dermoid cyst, Dermoid cyst of ovary [K-78, 73] [A-287]
Mature cystic teratoma [K-76] [A-287]

BREAST
1. Enumerate the causes of breast lumps. [K-78, 76] [A-302]
2. Give the investigation plan to diagnose a case of breast lump. [K-78, 76, 74] [A-303]
3. What are the inflammatory conditions of breast. [K-79]
4. Classify breast tumors. [K-77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 71] [A-297]
5. Mention the importance of immunohistochemical analysis in breast cancer. [K-74] [A-308]

D`qvw`ª 79 35
6. Write down the risk factors of breast carcinoma. [K-73, 71] [A-306]
7. Write about the prognostic and predictive factors involved in breast carcinoma. [K-79]
8. State the prognostic factors for the carcinoma of breast. [K-77, 76, 75] [A-307, 308]
9. Write about the fibroadenoma of breast. [K-79]
10. A female of 55 years presented with an irregular left breast lump in upper & outer quadrant
which is hard in consistency, fixed with the underlying chest wall, inverted nipple with bloody
discharge. What is your diagnosis? How can you proceed to diagnose the patient? [Hints: Ca
breast] [K-73, 71] [A-305, 306]

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1. What are the causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism? [K-77, 74, 72, 71] [A-312, 313]
2. How will you proceed to investigate a case of hyperthyroidism? [K-71]
3. Give the pathogenesis and diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. [K-78, 74] [A-313, 314]
4. Write down the pathogenesis of Grave's disease. [K-79]
5. What is goiter? [K-73, 72, 71] [A-318]
6. What are the causes of goiter? [K-79]
7. Classify thyroid neoplasms. [K-73] [A-322]
8. What is diabetes mellitus? [K-77, 74, 70, 69] [A-434]
9. Differentiate type 1 and type 2 Diabetes? Write down interpretation of OGTT. [K-79]
10. Mention the WHO criteria of diabetes mellitus. [K-77, 76, 74, 73, 72, 69] [A-436]
11. What are the complications of diabetes mellitus? [K-77, 76, 74, 73, 72, 69] [A-445]
12. How ketoacidosis developed in uncontrolled diabetes? [K-78, 70] [A-446]
13. What is renal glycosuria? [K-78] [A-439]
14. What is OGTT? Write down the procedure and importance of it. [K-75] [A-441, 442]
15. Write in short about diabetic ketoacidosis? [K-76] [A-446]
16. What do you know about Hyperglycemia sine glycosuria? [K-76] [A-438]
17. Why sugar is absent in urine during hyperglycemia sine glycosuria? [K-75] [A-438]
18. A 45-Year-old female present with fatigue, weight gain and cold intolerance. Lab
Investigations reveal high TSH & low T4. Thyroid ultrasound shows a heterogenous, hypoechoic
gland. [K-79]
a. State the most likely diagnosis.
b. Explain the immunological pathogenesis of this condition.
19. A 50 years old female present with polyuria, polyphagia. Her random blood sugar is 9mmol/L.
What is probable diagnosis? How would you proceed to investigate this case? [Hints: DM] [K-69]
20. SN: OGTT [K-78, 77] [A-441]
Multinodular goiter [K-77] [A-320, 321]
Grave’s disease [K-76] [A-316]
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis [K-75] [A-313, 314]

D`qvw`ª 79 36
 Ketoacidosis [K-73, 71] [A-446]
Glycosylated Hb [K-69] [A-444]
CNS
1. Name the causative agents of meningitis? [K-74] [A-461]
2. What are the types of meningitis? [K-75, 74] [A-461]
3. What are the indications of CSF examination? [K-78, 76, 72, 70, 69] [A-457]
4. How C.S.F is examined in the laboratory? [K-79]
5. Give CSF findings of a case of pyogenic and tubercular meningitis. [K-79, 78, 77, 76, 75] [A-
463]
6. Write down the differences between viral, bacterial and tubercular meningitis. [K-73, 72, 71,
70, 69] [A-463]
7. How will you investigate a case of pyogenic meningitis? [K-76, 74] [A-463]
8. Classify CNS tumor. Write the normal findings of CSF and the changes observed in viral and
pyogenic meningitis. [K-78] [A-366, 460, 463]
9. What are the unique characteristics of CNS tumors? [K-76] [A-367]
10. Classify brain tumors. [K-73] [A-366]
11. Mention the criteria for grading of astrocytoma. [K-76] [A-369]

SKIN & BONES

1. Name the premalignant lesions of skin. [K-76] [A-340]
2. What are the common skin tumors? [K-73] [A-340]
3. What is osteomyelitis? Name the causative organisms with route of entry. [K-78, 76, 71] [A-
348, 349]
4. Name the different types of osteomyelitis. [K-76] [A-348]
5. Give the pathogenesis of pyogenic osteomyelitis. [K-78, 71] [A-349, 350]
6. What are the complications of chronic osteomyelitis? [K-76] [A-350]
7. Classify bone tumors. [K-79, 74] [A-353, 354]
8. Classify primary bone tumors. [K-76] [A-353]
9. How will you diagnose a bone tumor in laboratory? [K-79]
10. What are the common sites of osteosarcoma? [K-74] [A-355]
11. Write down the predisposition and genetic basis of osteosarcoma. [K-74] [A-355]
12. How will you diagnose a case of osteosarcoma? [K-76] [A-356]
13. SN: Basal cell carcinoma [K-79]
Premalignant conditions of skin [K-79]
Ewing’s sarcoma [K-78, 75, 73, 71] [A-357]
Pott’s disease [K-74, 72] [A-352]
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis [K-75] [A-349, 350]
Giant cell tumor of bone [K-72] [A-358]
D`qvw`ª 79 37
 2ND TERM QUESTIONS
K-79
Total Marks: 80 Time: 2.30 hours
(Answer any 6 questions from 1-7 & any 3 from 8-11 from each group. 12 no is must)
Group-A
1. Mention the risk factor for atherosclerosis? What are the consequences of atherosclerotic
plaque? 1.5+1.5
2. What is emphysema? Mention the types and complications of emphysema. 1+1+1
3. What are the cardiac biomarkers? How will you interpret their values following an event of
myocardial infarction? 1+2
4. What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome? Write down the urinary findings of a case of
acute glomerulonephritis. 1+2
5. What is infective endocarditis? Mention the types. What is vegetation? 1+1+1
6. Mention the renal function test. What is Azotemia? 2+1
7. Write short Note on: 1.5+1.5
(a)Basal cell carcinoma.
(b)Premalignant conditions of skin, GIT, Cervix.
8. How C.S.F is examined in the laboratory? Enumerates the difference between pyogenic and
tubercular meningitis?
9. Classify lung tumors. What are the risk factors for developing lung carcinoma? Discuss
molecular changes in different types of lung carcinomas. 2+2+2
10. What is pyelonephritis? Write down the causes of pyelonephritis. Give the morphological
features and consequence of chronic pyelonephritis. 1+2+3
11. Classify bone tumor. How will you diagnose a bone tumor in laboratory? 3+3
12. A 50-year-old male suddenly developed severe chest pain. He also experienced palpitation
and profuse sweating. On examination, his blood pressure was found to be 75/50 mmHg. What
is the most likely provisional diagnosis? Explain the underlying cause of his hypotension. 2+2
Group-B
1. Name the Hepatotropic viruses. Write in Short about the serological marker of Hepatitis B
virus. 1+2
2. Write down the macroscopic and microscopic differences of ulcerative colitis & Crohn’s
disease. 3
3. Classify testicular tumor. Name the tumor marker for testicular tumor. 2+1
4. Define Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) & Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding (DUB). Mention
the causes of AUB According to age group. 1+1+1
5. What are the inflammatory conditions of breast. Write about the fibroadenoma of breast.
6. Write about pap's smear screening test. 3
7. a. Define Asthenozoospermia, Teratazoospermia. 1
b. How will you asses a case of male infertility? 2
8. What are the causes of goiter? Write down the pathogenesis of Grave's disease. 1+5
D`qvw`ª 79 38
9. Write about the prognostic and predictive factors involved in breast carcinoma. 6
10. Describe briefly the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. 6
11. Differentiate type 1 and type 2 Diabetes? Write down interpretation of OGTT. 2+4
12. A 45-Year-old female present with fatigue, weight gain and cold intolerance. Lab
Investigations reveal high TSH & low T4. Thyroid ultrasound shows a heterogenous, hypoechoic
gland.
a. State the most likely diagnosis. 1
b. Explain the immunological pathogenesis of this condition. 3

Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q1-10

Marks -20 Time: 30 minutes
1. Organisms responsible for female genital tract infections
a. HSV T
b. Molluscum contagiosum T
c. Chlamydia trachomatis T
d. Candida albicans T
e. HPV T

2. Germ cell tumors of ovaries are -

a. Choriocarcinoma T
b. Cystadenofibroma F
c. Yolk sac tumor T
d. Dysgerminoma T
e. Transitional cell tumor F

3. Gestational trophoblastic disease are –

a. Choriocarcinoma T
b. Placenta increata F
c. Placental site trophoblastic tumor T
d. Hydatidiform mole T
e. Hydropic abortion F

4. Premalignant conditions of female genital tract

a. CIN T
b. VIN T
c. Lichen Sclerosus F
d. VaIN T
e. Lichen simplex Chronicus F

5. Followings are Risk factor for development of cholesterol stone –

a. Female gender T
D`qvw`ª 79 39
b. Obesity T
c. Progesterone use F
d. Advancing age T
e. Diabetes mellitus T

6. Benign vascular Tumors are –

a. Hemangioma T
b. Lymphangioma T
c. Pyogenic granuloma T
d. Nevus ectasis T
e. Glomus Tumour T

7. Which are not related to atherosclerotic plaques?

a. Cells including SMC, Macrophage, lymphocytes F
b. Intracellular and extra cellular lipid F
c. Calcification F
d. Fibrosis T
e. Necrosis T

8. Which features are not related to acute cholecystitis?

a. Neutrophil present F
b. Gall Bladder enlarged, tense F
c. Obstruction of the neck of gall bladder F
d. Perimuscular fibrosis T
e. The gall bladder lumen contains turbid bile mixed fibrin, pus, haemorrhage F

9. True for infective endocarditis-

a. Multifocal small vegetation present F
b. Positive blood culture is a major diagnostic criteria T
c. Aschoff nodule found T
d. Common in SLE present F
e. ASO titre is raised F

10. Tetralogy of fallot includes the following except –

a. VSD F
b. ASD T
c. Left ventricular hypertrophy T
d. Subpulmonary stenosis F
e. Overriding of aorta F

D`qvw`ª 79 40
 Single Best Answer (SBA): Q11-Q20
11. 70-year-old man present with back pain. X – ray shows osteoblastic lesions in the lumbar
spine. His serum PSA is markedly elevated. The most likely diagnosis.
a. Osteosarcoma
b. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
c. Prostatic adenocarcinoma 
d. Multiple myeloma
e. Paget’s disease of bone

12. Which histological type of breast carcinoma is most commonly associated with bilaterality?
a. Invasive ductal carcinoma
b. Invasive lobular carcinoma 
c. Medullary carcinoma
d. Tubular carcinoma
e. Metaplastic carcinoma

13. A 65 Years old female with a history of sun exposure presents ulcer on her lip. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
a. Basal cell carcinoma 
b. Squamous cell carcinoma 
c. Actinic keratosis
d. Malignant melanoma
e. Seborrheic keratosis

14. A Patient with ectopic ACTH production from a small cell carcinoma of the lung is being
evaluated for Cushing’s syndrome. Pathologically. What differentiates this cause from Cushing’s
disease?
a. A Ectopic ACTH tumour are responsive to the low dose dexamethasone suppression test
b. Patient with ectopic ACTH often present with rapid onset of symptoms and hypokalemia 
c. The adrenal glands show unilateral hyperplasia.
d. The pituitary gland is the source of the high ACTH.
e. Ectopic ACTH tumors are almost always benign.

15. Most common lung tumor is

a. Adeno carcinoma 
b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Small cell carcinoma
d. Carcinoid tumour
e. Neuroendocrine carcinoma

D`qvw`ª 79 41
16. During myocardial infarction, irreversible injury starts after –
a. 20 minutes
b. 30 minutes
c. 1 hour
d. 6 hour
e. 12 hour

17. A 36 years female has complained menorrhagia & pelvic pain for several months. She has
married for 20 years & has no H/O dyspareunia. Pelvic examination shoes symmetrically
enlarged uterus no nodularity or palpable mass. Her serum pregnancy test is negative. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
a. Endometriosis
b. Leiomyoma
c. Adenomyosis 
d. Chronic endometritis
e. Endometrial hyperplasia

18. A patient with diabetic nephropathy is at risk for developing which of the following?
a. Reduced glomerular filtration rate 
b. Decreased proteinuria
c. Increased renal perfusion
d. Increased secretion of erythropoietin
e. Decreased plasma creatinine levels.

19. Which of the following is most likely outcome if tuberculous osteomyelitis is left untreated?
a. Complete recovery without any complications
b. Rapid metastasis to lungs
c. Bone destruction and deformity 
d. Development of benign bone tumors
e. Spontaneous healing

20. A 60-year-old male presents with dysphagia, regurgitation, and a sensation of food sticking
his chest. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Achalasia 
b. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
c. Peptic ulcer disease
d. Esophageal cancer
e. Hiatal hernia

D`qvw`ª 79 42
 K-79 (Supple)
Full marks-50 Time: 1.30 hours
[Answer any 7 questions from (1-8) and any 4 questions from (9-13)
Question no. 14 is mandatory]
1. What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD)? Mentioned the common sites of peptic ulcer. What are
the risk factors of PUD? 0.5+0.5+2
2. Short note: 1.5+1.5
a. Meckel diverticulum
b. NAFLD
3. What is UTI? What are the causes of UTI? Why UTI is much more common is female?
4. What is lung abscess? State the etiology & pathogenesis of lung abscess. 1+2
5. Short Note: 1.5+1.5
a. Pott's disease
b. Brodie's abscess
6. Define atherosclerosis. Give morphology and types of atheromatous plaque. 1+2
7. Classify the tumors of salivary glands. 3
8. What are the types of gallstones. Give brief pathogenesis of gallstone formation. 1+2
9. What is nephrotic and nephritic syndrome? Give the pathogenesis of acute post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 2+4
10. What do you mean by CIN? Classify CIN. Write down the risk factors of cervical cancer.1+1+4
11. What is Diabetes Mellitus? Mention and contrast the features of type I and type II diabetes
mellitus. Name the complications of DM. 1+3+2
12. What is osteomyelitis? Give the pathogenesis and complications of acute osteomyelitis.
13. Define and classify pneumonia. Give the differences between lobar pneumonia and
bronchopneumonia. What are the complications of pneumonia? 1+4+1
14. A male aged 70 years came with complaints of progressively increasing difficulty in
micturition, urgency and frequency. Per-rectal examination revealed palpable prostatic gland.
What is the likely diagnosis? Mention the important diagnostic workup for his illness. 1+4

K-78
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer all eight questions from each group
Group-A
1. Define emphysema? What are the types of emphysema? Write down the pathogenesis of
emphysema. (1+2+2)
2. What is vegetation? Write the classification and pathogenesis of infective endocarditis.
Mention its complications. (1+2+2)
D`qvw`ª 79 43
3. Describe briefly the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. What are the expected
laboratory findings of Hashimoto thyroiditis? (3+2)
4. What are the inflammatory bowel diseases? Write the difference between Ulcerative colitis
and crohn's disease? (2+3)
5. Name the hepatotropic viruses. Discuss the clinical outcome of hepatitis B virus infection.
6. Short note: (i) Villous adenoma.
(ii) Pathogenesis of PUD.
7. What is renal glycosuria? How ketoacidosis develops in a case of uncontrolled DM?
8. A male of 50 years, has complaints of chest pain and cough for 4 months. His chest X-ray
shows opacity and on clinical examination, a hard supraclavicular lymph node was detected.
What is your probable diagnosis? What other investigations should you do? (5)
Group-B
1. Classify ovarian tumor. Describe the morphology of dermoid cyst. (1+4)
2. What is osteomyelitis? Name the causative organisms with route of entry. Give the
pathogenesis of pyogenic osteomyelitis. (1+2+2)
3. What do you mean by nephritic syndrome? Describe briefly the etiopathogenesis of post
streptococcal glomerulonephritis. (1+4)
4. Short note: i. Ewing's sarcoma.
ii. Classification of bladder tumor.
5. Write the causes of breast lump? How will you proceed to diagnose a breast lump? (2+3)
6. Classify CNS tumor. Write the normal findings of CSF and the changes observed in viral and
pyogenic meningitis. (2+3)
7. Give the gross and microscopic morphology of seminoma. How does seminoma differ from
non seminomatous testicular tumor? (2.5+2.5)
8. A 60 years old male, presented with a mass in left loin, having painless hematuria. What is
your probable diagnosis? How will you confirm it? (5)

K-78 (Supple)
Full marks-50 Time: 1.00 hour
Answer all questions
1. What is atherosclerosis. Name the different cardiac enzymes related to diagnosis of MI.
2. What is pneumonia. What are the stages of lobar pneumonia. (1+4)
3. Write down the predisposing factors of peptic ulcer. Give the complications of peptic ulcer.
4. Define cirrhosis of liver. Describe the pathogenesis of ascites in cirrhosis. (1+4)
5. Write down the difference between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome. (5)
6. Classify testicular tumors. (5)
7. S/N: i. Dermoid cyst of ovary.
ii. OGTT.
8. Define jaundice. Write down the liver function tests. (1+4)
D`qvw`ª 79 44
9. What are the indications of CSF examination? Write down the CSF findings in case of
pyogenic and tubercular meningitis. (2+3)
10. A female of 45 years old complains lower abdominal pain with foul smelling vaginal
discharge. On examination of cervix appears ulcerated and bleeds on touch. What is the
provisional diagnosis? Give the investigations need to confirm the diagnosis. (2+5)

K-77
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer all questions from each group
All questions carry equal number
Group-A
1. What are the components of atheromatous plaque? Give names of lipid profile with their
normal range. 2+3
2. Mention some important risk factors and complications of myocardial infarction. What are
the important biomarkers of myocardial infarction? 2+3
3. Define Diabetes mellitus. Write down the WHO diagnostic criteria of it. Mention
complications of diabetes. 2+3
4. Define cirrhosis of liver. Name of the liver function test. 2+3
5. Enumerate the morphology of peptic ulcer with diagram? Mention complications of peptic ulcer.
6. Classify salivary gland tumors. Write down causes of hyperthyroidism. 2+3
7. Short note: a. Polyp of GIT
b. Reed-Sternberg cell
8. A male of 30 yrs presented with evening rise of temperature, cough and cervical
lymphadenopathy. What is your provisional diagnosis? Write down the lab diagnosis to
establish the disease. 5
Group-B
1. Write down the causes of massive proteinuria. What are the differences between nephritic
and nephrotic syndrome? 2+3
2. Write down three differences of CSF findings in pyogenic and tubercular meningitis. 2+3
3. How will you investigate a case of testicular mass? Mention the indications of semen analysis.
4. Name the inflammatory bowel diseases. What are the differences between Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis? 2+3
5. Classify ovarian tumour. Mention common sites of endometriosis. 3+2
6. Classify breast carcinoma. What are the prognostic factors of this cancer? 2+3
7. Short note: a. Multinodular goiter
b. OGTT
8. A female of 45 years presented with lower abdominal pain, per vaginal bleeding with foul
smelling discharge. On examination her cervix shows an ulcerated growth. Give the provisional
diagnosis. Mention the investigations needed to confirm the diagnosis. 5
D`qvw`ª 79 45
 K-76
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer total 8 questions from each group, including number 9 (Compulsory)
Group A
1. Mention the tumors of blood vessels. What are the components of atheromatous plaque?
2. Name the congenital heart disease. Briefly discuss the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.
3. Define and classify lymphoma. Mention some important causes of generalized
lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.
4. What do you mean by obstructive and restrictive airway disease? Enumerate the types and
pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema.
5. Classify the tumors of salivary gland. Mention the risk factors for esophageal carcinoma. What
is achalasia?
6. Mention the types and causes of gastritis. Write in brief about the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.
7. What are the causes of liver cirrhosis? How ascites develops in cirrhosis of liver?
8. Write short notes: i) Bronchiectasis
ii) GIST
9. Male 36 yrs has history blood transfusion. Now he is icteric and presenting with abdominal
distention, weight loss, nausea, vomiting and fever. Mention the hepatic markers. What are the
other laboratory tests would be useful in diagnosis of this case?

Group B
1. Classify glomerular disease. What are the important renal function tests? What are the risk
factors of urinary bladder carcinoma?
2. Classify tumours of testes. What are the indications and components of semen analysis?
What is asthenozoospermia?
3. Define adenomyosis and endometriosis. What are the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?
4. Write short notes on: i) Mature cystic teratoma
ii) Grave s disease.
5. Enumerate the causes of breast lumps. How will you diagnose a case of breast lump?
6. Write in short about diabetic ketoacidosis? What do you know about Hyperglycemia sine
glycosuria?
7. What are the unique characteristics of CNS tumors? Mention the criteria for grading of
astrocytoma. Name the premalignant lesions of skin.
8. Classify primary bone tumors. How will you diagnose a case of osteosarcoma?
9. Female of 25 yrs came with abdominal pain and lump. She also had fever, anorexia and weight
loss. Her radiological evidence revealed a heterogenous mass at pelvic region. Her other
biochemical evidences are quite normal except tumor markers. What are the possible
differentials? How do you proceed to confirm the diagnosis?
D`qvw`ª 79 46
 K-76 (Supple)
Answer all questions
Time: 1.00 Hour
1. Name the different types of ulcers of GIT. Write down the predisposing factors for peptic ulcer.
How a benign ulcer differs from a malignant ulcer morphologically.
2. Mention the WHO criteria of diabetes mellitus. Write down the complications of diabetes mellitus.
3. Define atherosclerosis. Mention the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Enumerate the
pathogenesis of MI.
4. What are the types of pneumonia? Mention the stages of lobar pneumonia. Write down the
complications of bacterial pneumonia.
5. Classify testicular tumor. How will you investigate a case of testicular mass? Mention the
indication of semen analysis.
6. Enumerate the important causes of generalized lymphadenopathy. How Hodgkin lymphoma
differs from non- Hodgkin Lymphoma? What is Reed- Sternberg cell?
7. What is osteomyelitis? Name the different types of osteomyelitis. What are the complications
of chronic osteomyelitis?
8. Classify breast carcinoma. Mention the prognostic factors involved in breast Carcinoma.
9. What are the indications of CSF examination? Write the differences in between pyogenic &
tubercular meningitis. Mention the investigations needed to confirm such cases.
10. A girl of 13 years has sudden, low urinary output with coco- colored urine. She also has
puffiness of face fore last three days. She has a history of skin infection three week back. What
are your clinical diagnoses? What will be the urinary findings of this case?

K-75
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
(Answer all the questions)
Group-A
1. What are the risk factors of atherosclerosis? What are fates of atherosclerotic plaques? Give
the lipid profile and their normal range. 1.5 +1.5+2
2. Write down the common ulcers of GIT. Write most important macroscopic and microscopic
difference between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. 2+3
3. What is cirrhosis of liver? Mention macroscopic and microscopic features of cirrhosis of liver.
Name of the commonly used liver function tests done in laboratory. 1+2+2
4. A 55 Years old man comes with sudden fever, chest pain with sweating and vomiting. What
is year provisional diagnosis? Mention important cardiac enzymes to confirm your diagnosis.
Group-B
1. Give the WHO classification of bronchogenic carcinoma. Write down the investigations of a
case of pulmonary neoplasm. 2.5+2.5

D`qvw`ª 79 47
2. What is metabolic acidosis and alkalosis? State the causes of metabolic acidosis. Write down
the electrolyte pattern of a case of respiratory failure. 2+3
3. What is nephritic syndrome? Write down the pathogenesis of acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis. 2+3
4. A 5 years old boy comes with swelling of face, followed by generalized edema. He also
complains of loss of appetite & fatigue. What is your provisional diagnosis? What are the lab
findings to confirm the diagnosis? 2+3
Group-C
1. What are the types of meningitis? Give CSF findings of a case of pyogenic and tubercular
meningitis. 2+3
2. What is OGTT? Write down the procedure and importance of it. Why sugar is absent in urine
during hyperglycemia sine glycosuria? 1+3+1
3. Write short note on: i) Hashimoto thyroiditis.
ii)Pleomorphic adenoma.
4. A 33 years old man comes with generalized lymphadenopathy. What may be the possible
causes? Write down how Hodgkins' lymphoma differs from Non-Hodgkins' lymphoma. 2+3
Group-D
1. What are the indications of semen analysis? Mention normal findings of semen analysis.
Write down the causes of azoospermia. 1+2+2
2. Classify breast cancer. Write down the prognostic factors of breast cancer. 2+3
3. Write short note on: i) Pyogenic osteomyelitis.
ii) Ewing's sarcoma.
4. A 60 years old female presented with irregular per vaginal bleeding for one month after
menopause. Her P/V examination reveals apparently healthy cervix but with bloody discharge.
What is your provisional diagnosis? How can you confirm it? 2+3

K-74
Full marks-80 Time: 2.40 hours
[Answer any eight questions from below including number nine which is compulsory]
Group-A
1. What are the ulcerative lesions of GIT? Mention the malignant lesions of GIT. How will you
differentiate a benign ulcer from a malignant ulcer?
2. What is mutation? Mention the karyotype of Down syndrome. What are the features of Down
syndrome?
3. What the Rheumatic fever? Write down the etiopathogenesis of Rheumatic fever. Mention
the diagnostic criteria. What is pneumonia? Name the etiologic agents and complications of it.
4. Name the investigations done to diagnose a case of pneumonia
5. Write short note on- a) FNAC b) Polycystic kidney disease

D`qvw`ª 79 48
6. Define cirrhosis of liver? Write down the causes of portal hypertension. What are the
consequences of portal hypertension?
7. What are the causes of generalized lymphadenopathy? Write down the differences between
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. What is Reed Sternberg cell?
8. What are the indications of semen analysis? Name the components of semen analysis with
their normal value. Write down the causes of azoospermia.
9. A male of 50 years having history of recent blood transfusion presented with jaundice,
weakness, anorexia, mild right hypochondriac pain and high SGPT. Give the provisional
diagnosis. What are the possible outcomes of such a case?
Group-B
1. Define diabetes mellitus. Write down the WHO criteria of diabetes mellitus. What are the
complications of diabetes mellitus?
2. Classify breast tumors. Give the investigation plan to diagnose a case of breast lump. Mention
the importance of immunohisto- chemical analysis in breast cancer.
3. Write down the causes of hypothyroidism. Give pathogenesis and diagnosis of Hashimoto
thyroiditis
4. Name the premalignant lesions of uterine cervix? Mention the role of HPV in pathogenesis of
cervical cancer. What are the high risk HPV?
5. Write short note on: a) Pap smear b) Pott's disease
6. What is atheroma? Give the role of atheromatous plaque in producing myocardial infarction.
Give the lipid profile with their normal range.
7. Classify bone tumours. What are the common sites of osteosarcoma? Write down the
predisposition and genetic basis of osteosarcoma.
8. Name the causative alents of meningitis? What are the types of meningitis? How will you
investigate a case of pyogenic meningitis?
9. A man of 55 years presented with altered bowel habit, frequent bloody stool, anorexia and
weight loss. His colonoscopy reveals an ulcerative lesion in the colon. What are the differential
diagnoses? How will you confirm the case?

K-73
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer question no. 9 and 7 questions from the rest.
1. a) What are the inflammatory bowel diseases? Write down the differences between
ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
b) What is nephritic syndrome? Give the causes of nephritic syndrome. Write the urinary
findings of acute glomerulonephritis.
2. a) Name the major risk factors of atherosclerosis. Name the ischemic heart diseases. What
are the enzymes raised after myocardial infarction?
b) Define liver cirrhosis. What are the causes of liver cirrhosis?

D`qvw`ª 79 49
3. a) What is emphysema? Give the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema.
b) Classify germ cell tumor of testis. Give the morphology of seminoma.
4. a) What is endometriosis? What are the common sites of endometriosis? What is dermoid cyst?
b) What is goiter? Classify thyroid neoplasms.
5. a) What is lymphoma? Classify Hodgkin lymphoma. Describe Reed-Sternberg cell.
b) Mention the WHO criteria of diabetes mellitus. What are the complications of diabetes mellitus?
6. a) Write short notes on: i) Ewing’s sarcoma
ii) Carcinoid tumor
b) Write short notes on: i) Ketoacidosis
ii) Azotemia
7. a) Classify breast carcinoma. Write down the risk factors of breast carcinoma.
b) Write down the differences between viral, bacterial and tubercular meningitis.
8. a) What are the types of jaundice? Describe the liver function tests.
b) Classify brain tumors. What are the common skin tumors?
9. a) A male of 26 years developed painless left testicular swelling. Name the tumor markers
that can help in diagnosis. How can you establish the diagnosis?
b) A female of 55 years presented with a irregular left breast lump in upper & outer quadrant
which is hard in consistency, fixed with the underlying chest wall, inverted nipple with bloody
discharge. What is your diagnosis? How can you proceed to diagnose the patient?

K-72
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer all questions.
1. a) What are the components atheromatous plaque? Mention the predisposing factors and
complication of this plaque. (1+4)
b) What is emphysema? Give etiopathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. (1+4)
2. a) What is cirrhosis of liver? Name the etiology and consequence of cirrhosis of liver. (2+3)
b) What are the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases? Mention the differences of Crohn's disease and
Ulcerative Colitis. (1+4)
3. a) What is Goiter'? What are the causes of Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism? (1+4)
b) A boy of 8 years old presented with puffiness of face with scanty high colored urine
formation, raised blood pressure. What is your provisional diagnosis? How would you
investigate such a case? Mention the investigations. (2+3)
4. a) Classify germ cell tumors of ovary. What is chocolate cyst? (3+2)
b) Short Note: i) Point mutation ii) Giant cell tumor of bone (2.5+2.5)
5. a) What is CIN? Mention the important risk factors and diagnostic tools for carcinoma of cervix.
b) What are the differences between Hodgkin lymphoma and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Describe a classic Reed-Steenberg cell. (3.5+ 1.5)

D`qvw`ª 79 50
6. a) Classify lung tumor. Name the genetic basis of adenocarcinoma of lung. (3+2)
b) Short Note: 1) Carcinoid Tumor 2) Pott s disease. (2.5+2.5)
7. a) What are the indications of CSF examination? Give important differences between viral,
bacterial and tubercular meningitis in CSF. (1+4)
b) Short note: 1) Down Syndrome 2) Vegetation (2.5+2.5)
8. a) Mention the WHO criteria Diabetes Mellitus Give complications of Diabetes Mellitus.
b) Short Note: 1) Liver function test 2) Azoospermia (2.5+2.5)

K-71
Full marks-80 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer question no 5 and any three (3) from the each group.
Group-A
1. Classify breast carcinoma? Write down the risk factors involved in breast cancer.
2. What is osteomyelitis? Name the causative organism with route of entry. Give the
pathogenesis of pyogenic osteomyelitis.
3. What are the inflammatory bowel diseases? Write the difference between Ulcerative colitis
and Crohn’s disease.
4. Write short notes on: a) Ewing s sarcoma b) DUB.
5. A boy of seven years presented with high colored urine, generalized edema, fever and
hypertension. He had sore throat 15 days ago. What is your probable diagnosis? What
investigations will you suggest?
Group-B
1. Define and classify pneumonia. What are the stages of bacterial lobar pneumonia? How will
you investigate such a case?
2. What is endometriosis and adenomyosis? What are their complications?
3. Mention the difference among viral, Bacterial and Tubercular meningitis.
4. Write short notes on: a) Ketoacidosis b) Autoimmune gastritis.
5. A female of 65 years has presented with a left irregular breast lump in upper and outer
quadrant which is hard in consistency, fixed with the underlying chest wall inverted nipple with
bloody discharge. What is your probable diagnosis? How will you proceed to diagnose the
patient?
Group-C
1. Define emphysema? What are the types of emphysema? Write down the pathogenesis of
emphysema.
2. Mention the risk factors of gastric carcinoma. Write down the difference between benign and
malignant gastric ulcer.
3. Write down the name of germ cell and sex cord stromal tumours of ovary. What is Teratoma?
Mention the morphology of teratoma.
4. Write short notes on: a) DIF b) Hurshprung Disease.
D`qvw`ª 79 51
5. A male of 40 years having history of blood transfusion presented with nausea, vomiting,
severe weakness, mild fever, jaundice and right hypochondrial pain. What is your probable
diagnosis? Mention its outcome.
Group-D
1. What is azoospermia? What are the causes of azoospermia? Write down the indication of
semen analysis.
2. What is goiter? What are the causes of hypo and hyperthyroidism? How will you proceed to
investigate a case of hyperthyroidism?
3. What is Ghon complex? Write down the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis? Give the
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
4. Write short notes on: a) Carcinoid tumor b) Pneumoconiosis.
5. A female of 50 years presented with lower abdominal pain and per vaginal bleeding.
Colonoscopic finding shows ulceration. What is your probable diagnosis? How will you confirm?

K-70
Full marks-80 Time: 2.40 hours
Answer all questions.
Group-A
1. Define leukemia Give blood picture of chronic granulocytic leukemia. What is 'blast crisis'?
2. Classify bleeding disorder. Mention the screening test for diagnosis of bleeding disorder.
3. Write clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis of haemophilia.
4. Short note: (i) Leukaemoid reaction (ii) DIG
5. Write down the hazards of blood transfusion.
6. 18 yrs. male shows the following blood picture Hb% 12.5 gm/dl, WBC-ll,000/mm3, N-55%L
26% M-04%, B-00%, Platelet normal. What is your provisional diagnosis? What are the causes
of it?
Group-B
1. What is diabetes mellitus? How ketoacidosis developed in uncontrolled diabetes?
2. What is proteinuria? Write common causes of massive proteinuria.
3. Name liver function test. Give important differences between three types of jaundice.
4. Short note: (i) Azotemia. (ii) Conjugated bilirubin.
5. What is the indication of DSF examination? Write down DSF find findings of virul, bacterial
and tubercular meningitis.
6. An 8 yrs. boy presented with oedema, raised blood pressure and RBC cash in urine. What is
your probable diagnosis/how would you proceed to investigate this case?

D`qvw`ª 79 52
 K-69
Full marks-80 Time: 2.40 hours
Answer all questions.
Group-A
1. What are indications of CSF examination? Write down CSF findings of viral, bacterial and
tubercular meningitis.
2. What are the tests included in lipid profile? Give their normal values. Why high level of LDL is
harmful?
3. What is diabetes mellitus? Give WHO criteria of DM. Write the complication of DM.
4. What is massive proteinuria? Write common causes of proteinuria.
5. Name the electrolytes with normal values. Write the causes metabolic acidosis & alkalosis.
6. Write short notes on: i) Azotemia ii) Glycosylated Hb
7. Name liver function test. Give the important biochemical differences in three types of jaundice.
8. A 50 years old female present with polyuria, polyphagia. Her random blood sugar is 9 mmol/L.
What is probable diagnosis? How would you proceed to investigate this case?
Group-B
1. Give blood picture of chronic granulocytic leukemia. What is blast crisis?
2. Classify bleeding disorder. Mention the screening test for diagnosis of bleeding disorder.
3. Write down indication of bone marrow examination. What are findings to be noted in BM
examination?
4. Classify leukemia. Write the bone marrow findings of acute leukemia.
5. Write clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis of hemophilia.
6. Write short notes on: i) DIC ii) Leukemoid reaction
7. Write the hazards of blood transfusion. Mention the clinical presentation of ITP.
8. A 18 years old male patient shows the following blood picture. Hb-12.5 g/dl, TC of WBC
11000/mm3, N-55%, L-26%, E-15%, M-04%, B-00%, Platelet-normal. What is your diagnosis?
What are the causes of it?

D`qvw`ª 79 53
 MICROBIOLOGY 1st Term
GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION & STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL CELLS
1. Classify bacteria. [75] [C-9]
2. List the essential and non-essential components of a bacterial cell. [79] [C-11]
3. Draw and label the cell wall of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. [78, 69] [C-15]
4. Mention the differences between Gram positive & Gram negative bacterial cell wall (with
diagram). [79, 73, 72] [C-16]
5. List the capsulated bacteria. / Name 4 capsulated bacteria. [70, 69] [C-20]
6. Name the pileated bacteria. [69] [C-23]
7. Classify bacteria on the basis of flagellar arrangement with example. [77] [C-23]
8. Define plasmid. [79, 77, 70] [C-26]
9. State the clinical significance of plasmid. [79, 78] [C-26]
10. Classify spore-bearing bacteria. / Name the spore forming bacteria. [73, 69] [C-27]
11. Write the differences between eukaryote and prokaryote. [72, 69] [C-5]

GROWTH OF BACTERIA
1. What do you mean by the growth and death-of bacteria? [76] [C-36]
2. Define generation time. [70] [C-36]
3. Draw and label bacterial growth curve with clinical importance of each phase. / Write the
clinical importance of different phases of bacterial growth curve with diagram. / State the
importance of log phase of bacterial growth curve. [79, 78, 77, 75, 73, 74, 70, 69] [C-37]
4. Classify bacteria on the basis of oxygen requirement with examples. [79, 76, 74] [C-41]
5. Why anaerobic bacteria cannot grow in presence of oxygen? [74, 73, 69] [C-41]
6. Classify anaerobic bacteria of medical importance. [76, 74, 71] [C-42]
7. Classify bacteria on the basis of oxygen requirement and temperature. [73] [C-42]

BACTERIAL GENETICS & NORMAL FLORA

1. Define transposon. [77, 70] [C-48]
2. Define normal flora. Mention the beneficial & harmful effects of normal flora. [70] [C-51]
3. Name the normal flora of the intestinal tract and female genital tract with their importance.
[79] [C-51]
D`qvw`ª 79 54
 BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS
1. Enumerate the virulence factors of bacterial pathogenicity. [74] [C-58]
2. Enumerate the steps of bacterial pathogenesis. [79, 69] [C-58]
3. Enumerate the bacterial agents that are transmitted by vertical and feco-oral route. [75] [C-
59]
4. Write the differences between exotoxin and endotoxin. / Tabulate five differences between
Exotoxin and Endotoxin. [79, 78, 75, 69] [C-65]
5. State the pathophysiological effects of endotoxin. / State the mechanism of endotoxin
shock. / Briefly discuss endotoxic shock. [76, 75, 74,71, 70] [C-70]
6. Briefly discuss Koch's postulates with their limitations. [79] [C-73]
7. What is Koch's Postulates? Discuss its limitations & new adjuncts. [70, 69] [C-73]
8. What do you understand by the term molecular Koch's Postulates? [70] [C-73]

ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS, MECHANISM OF ACTION & RESISTANCE

1. Mention the properties of ideal antimicrobial agents. [79, 76] [C-74]
2. Explain selective toxicity of bacteria with examples. / Define “selective toxicity” of
antibiotics. / Briefly discuss selective toxicity of bacteria. [79, 73, 71, 70, 69] [C-75]
3. Write down the mechanism of action of penicillin/ Cephalosporin. [79, 70] [C-79]
4. Classify cephalosporin with example. [78] [C-80]
5. Enumerate the advantage and disadvantage of use of antibiotics in combination. [69] [C-83]
6. Discuss the mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance. [78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70,
69] [C-86]
7. Briefly describe the genetic origin/basis of antimicrobial resistance. [79, 78] [C-86]
8. How does bacteria transfer antibiotic resistance genes from one bacterium to another? [79]
[C-89]
9. What is ESBL? [73]
10. Mention the drugs that can be used to treat MRSA, VRSA and ESBL producing bacteria. [70]
11. Define chemoprophylaxis and probiotics. [74, 72, 70]

D`qvw`ª 79 55
 STERILIZATION & DISINFECTION
1. Define sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis and chemical sterilant. [79, 73] [C-93]
2. Define & classify sterilization. [74, 69] [C-94]
3. Name four/different methods of sterilizations which can destroy bacterial spore [78,75,70] [C-94]
4. Differentiate sterilization from disinfection. [74, 72] [C-95]
5. Why moist heat is better than dry heat? [73] [C-95]
6. SN: Pasteurization. [79, 78] [C-96]
7. SN: Tyndallization. [79] [C-97]
8. Write down the principle and use of autoclave. / Discuss the principles of autoclaving. [79,
77, 72, 69] [C-98]
9. Why spores are destroyed at lower temperature in autoclave than in hot air oven? [71] [C-98]
10. Briefly describe different levels of disinfection with example. [79, 78, 77, 76, 74] [C-104]
11. Define critical,semi critical and non-critical objects with examples. [78,76,73,71,70,69] [C-105]
12. What is cold sterilization? [70]

STAINING METHODS & CULTURE MEDIA

1. Discuss the steps of Gram stain. [79] [C-115]
2. Write down the principles of 2 staining procedures. [70] [C-115, 118]
3. Classify bacterial culture media according to consistency. [72] [C-121]
4. Mention the advantage of solid media over liquid media. [72] [C-123]
5. Define indicator and selective media with examples. [79] [C-126, 128]
6. How selective media differ from indicator media? [72]

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
1. Name the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. [78, 77, 74] [C-145]
2. Enumerate the toxins & enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus. [78, 73, 72, 71] [C-146]
3. Write the pathogenesis / mechanism of staphylococcal food poisoning. [78, 74, 73, 72, 71]
[C-148]
4. Explain MRSA and VRSA. [78] [C-151]
5. Mention the drugs used to treat MRSA infected patients. [74, 73, 72]
6. Name the drugs that are used in MRSA and ESBL producing bacteria. [76, 75]

D`qvw`ª 79 56
 STREPTOCOCCUS
1. Classify Streptococcus. [76, 75, 72, 71] [C-156]
2. List the toxins and enzymes of Streptococcus pyogenes. [78] [C-159]
3. Short note: Post streptococcal disease. [74] [C-163]
4. Explain the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. [76, 72] [C-163]

NEISSERIA
1. Mention the virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [78] [C-176]
2. State the complications of gonorrhea. [73] [C-177]
3. Write the laboratory diagnosis of acute gonococcal urethritis in male patient in the
laboratory. / Mention the samples to be collected, tests to be done with findings for
diagnosis of gonococcal infection. [78, 77, 76, 75, 73, 71] [C-178]

BACILLUS
1. A 30 years old man came with a 2 cm lesion on his arm. It began as a painless papule that
enlarged, within a few days ulcerated and form a black crust. A Gram stain from the fluid
reveals large gram-positive rods [78]
a. What is the probable diagnosis?
b. Name the causative agent.
c. Mention the virulence factors produced by that organism. [Hints: B. anthracis] [C-188]
2. A 35 years old farmer has come with an ulcer on his left hand with profound edema around
ulcer. He handled meat of a cow one week back. Clinically it was diagnosed as a case of
cutaneous anthrax. [75]
a. Name the organism responsible for this condition.
b. Write modes of transmission of the causative bacteria.
c. Mention the virulence factors of the bacteria. [C-188, 191]
d. What findings you expect in gram-stained smear of ulcer exudates. [Hints: B. anthracis]

CLOSTRIDIUM
1. Name the medically important anaerobic bacteria with diseases they produce. [76, 74, 71]
2. Discuss the mechanism of action of tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin. [75, 72] [C-195, 200]
3. Describe the pathogenesis of tetanus. [78] [C-196]

D`qvw`ª 79 57
4. Write the management of a case of road traffic accident having tetanus-prone injury. [78]
[C-197]
5. State the clinical use of botulinum toxin. / What are the clinical uses of Botox? [73, 72] [C-
200]
6. Briefly describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. [78,
77, 76, 74, 73, 71] [C-204]

CORYNEBACTERIUM
1. Discuss the mechanism of pseudo membrane formation in Diphtheria. [78] [C-215]
2. Discuss the pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. [73] [C-216]
3. A 10 years old boy presented with sore throat and fever for 2 days. On examination there
was a white patch over the tonsil. [78, 77, 75]
a. Name the probable diagnosis and organism responsible for the condition.
b. What will be the microscopic findings of the stained specimen of throat swab?
c. Name the media used for isolation and colony morphology of the above organism.
[Hints: Diphtheria] [C-216]

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE - ESCHERICHIA COLI, SHIGELLA, SALMONELLA

1. Enumerate the causes of invasive diarrhea. [74]
2. Enumerate the common / general characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae. [78, 76, 73] [C-223]
3. Classify Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of lactose fermentation. [75] [C-224]
4. Enumerate the diarrheagenic strain of E. coli. [78] [C-228]
5. Write down the pathogenesis of diarrhea by Shigella flexnari and enterotoxigenic Esch. coli.
[74] [C-230]
6. What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? [78] [C-231]
7. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever. [78,77,76,75,74,72] [C-
235]
8. Write the interpretation of widal test. [71] [C-237]
9. Describe the pathogenesis of shigellosis. [73, 71] [C-240]

D`qvw`ª 79 58
 VIBRIO
1. Classify vibrio. [77, 76, 72] [C-249]
2. Discuss the mechanism of diarrhea caused by Vibrio. [77] [C-250]
3. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of cholera. [77, 76, 72] [C-251, 252]

PSEUDOMONAS
1. Explain why Pseudomonas is not an Enterobacteriaceae. [77] [C-254]
2. A patient was hospitalized with 20% burn in his lower limb. After one week, he develops
high-grade fever and greenish pus with a sweetish odor. Culture of pus yielded lactose non-
fermenting colonies. [76]
a. Name the causative organism.
b. Why the color of pus is green?
c. Name the test to identify the causative organism.
d. Name two antibiotics to treat this case. [Hints: P. aeruginosa] [C-255]
3. A 70 years-old man was admitted to the hospital after suffering from third-degree burns.
Three days later, he developed spiked a fever and the wound dressing had blue-green color
pus. Gram stain of pus revealed gram-negative rods. [78]
a. What is the probable organism causing this infection?
b. Name the biochemical test to identify the causative agent. [C-255]
c. Name three antibiotics that can be used in this case. [Hints: P. aeruginosa]

HELICOBACTER
1. State the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. [78,
77, 76] [C-260]
2. Discuss the steps of laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. [78, 77, 76, 71] [C-
261]
3. Enumerate the virulence factors of H. pylori. [78]

MYCOBACTERIA
1. Classify Mycobacteria. [78, 75] [C-272]
2. Enumerate the members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. [78] [C-272]
3. State briefly the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. [74] [C-276]
4. Write the differences between primary and secondary tuberculosis. [78, 77] [C-279]

D`qvw`ª 79 59
5. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. [78, 76, 75, 71] [C-281]
6. Write laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis & latent tuberculosis. [73] [C-282]
7. Mention the interpretation tuberculin test. [78, 77, 74] [C-282]
8. Define MDR-TB & XDR-TB. [78, 77, 73, 71] [C-285]
9. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of renal tuberculosis. [78]
10. Write three differences between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. [78] [C-291]
11. SN: Lepromatous leprosy. [74] [C-294]

SPIROCHETES
1. Name the bacteria causing STD. [73]
2. Classify Spirochetes with the diseases they produce. [74, 72, 71] [C-297]
3. Discuss the steps of laboratory diagnosis of primary syphilis. [76, 74, 72, 71] [C-301]
4. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis and congenital syphilis. [78] [C-304]
5. A 45 years old truck driver came with complaints of a hard ulcerative lesion on external
genitalia with lymphadenopathy. He had a history of exposure with a commercial sex
worker. [78, 77, 76]
a. What may be the probable diagnosis?
b. Mention the causative agent.
c. Name the sample to be collected for diagnosis. / What specimen will you collect for
demonstration of the causative agent?
d. How will you confirm your diagnosis in the lab? / List the serological test for diagnosis.
[Hints: Secondary syphilis]

RICKETTSIA, CHLAMYDIA, MYCOPLASMA

1. Mention the important characteristics of Chlamydia. [75] [C-306]
2. Write down the life cycle of Chlamydia. [71] [C-307]
3. Name some medically important Chlamydia with the disease they produce. [78, 77, 76] [C-
308]

D`qvw`ª 79 60
 IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY & IMMUNITY, COMPONENTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
1. Define and classify immunity. [72, 71, 69] [C-327]
2. Enumerate the differences between innate and acquired / adaptive immunity. [75, 74, 71,
69] [C-331]
3. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. [78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 72] [C-337]
4. Enumerate cellular components of innate and acquired immunity. [78, 76] [C-340]
5. Mention the soluble and cellular components of innate immunity. [69] [C-340]
6. Name the immune competent cells. [70] [C-341]
7. Name the professional antigen presenting cells. [76, 75] [C-341]
8. Describe the functions of Macrophage, CD4 & NK T cell? [70, 69] [C-342, 344, 347]
9. State the functions of macrophage, B lymphocyte and NK cell. [72]
10. Write a note on NK-T cell. [71] [C-344]
11. Mention different types of T lymphocytes with their functions. [76] [C-345]
ANTIGEN, IMMUNOGEN & HAPTEN
1. Define antigen, immunogen and hapten. [78, 77, 76, 74, 73, 72] [C-356, 359]
2. What are the criteria of an ideal antigen? / Discuss the criteria of a good immunogen. /
Mention the features of antigen that determine immunogenicity. [78, 74, 73, 69] [C-356]
3. How does antigen differ from hapten? [71] [C-360]

IMMUNOGLOBULIN, ANTIBODY
1. Define immunogen & immunoglobulin. [70, 69] [C-363]
2. Mention the biological functions of immunoglobulin. [69] [C-363]
3. Draw and label an immunoglobulin molecule. [78, 72] [C-364]
4. Enumerate the classes and subclasses of immunoglobulin. [69] [C-366]
5. Write down the differences between IgG & IgM. [70] [C-367]
6. Draw and label an IgG molecule. / Describe the structure of IgG with diagram. / Draw and
label the structures of IgG and secretory IgA with functions. [75, 74, 73] [C-368]
7. Draw and label the structures of IgM and secretory IgA with functions. [78, 77, 76] [C-369]
6. What is class switching? [78] [C-370]

D`qvw`ª 79 61
 IMMUNE RESPONSE
1. Write differences between primary and secondary immune response. [78, 75, 72, 71, 69] [C-
374]
2. Discuss how a foreign body is eliminated from body with diagram. [78, 77] [C-375]
3. Discuss ADCC. [78] [C-376]
4. Briefly discuss activation of T-cell to protein antigen (with the help of a diagram). [78, 76,
75, 74, 73, 71, 70] [C-379]

COMPLEMENTS
1. Define complement. [77, 73, 70] [C-388]
2. Mention the activators of different pathways of complement activation. / Name the
activators of alternate & classical pathways of complement. [78, 75, 73, 72, 70, 69] [C-389]
3. What are the biological functions / effects of complement components? [78, 77, 76, 75, 72,
71, 70, 69] [C-391]
4. Describe the biological functions of C3a, C3b, C4a, C4b, C5b,6,7 and membrane attack
complex. [73] [C-391]
5. Give examples of common complement deficiency disorders. [78, 77] [C-393]

MHC & TRANSPLANT IMMUNOLOGY

1. What is MHC? Mention the types of MHC. [77] [C-395]
2. What is MHC? State their distribution. [69] [C-395]
3. What are MHC genes and MHC proteins? [73, 71, 70]
4. Mention the biological importance of MHC. / Mention the importance of MHC in organ
transplantation / immune response. [77, 71, 70, 69] [C-398]
5. Discuss the mechanism of allograft rejection. [77] [C-401]
6. Mention the types of graft rejection. / Classify graft rejection. [73, 72] [C-403]
7. How can graft rejection be prevented? / Mention the steps that are taken to prevent graft
rejection. [73, 72, 71] [C-404]

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
1. Define hypersensitivity. [78, 70] [C-406]
2. Define and classify hypersensitivity with examples. [76, 72, 69] [C-406]
3. Discuss the mechanism of anaphylaxis. / Explain the mechanism of development of type I

D`qvw`ª 79 62
 hypersensitivity reaction with a diagram. [76, 72, 71, 70] [C-407]
4. Mention the mediators released from mast cell degranulation in type-I hypersensitivity. [75,
73] [C-408]
5. Write a note on desensitization. [76] [C-411]
6. Discuss the mechanism of Type-II hypersensitivity with example (with diagram). [78, 76, 74,
69] [C-412]
7. Outline the mechanism of type-III hypersensitivity with example. [78, 77, 75, 73] [C-415]
8. Mention the difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity. [77] [C-417]
9. State the differences between arthus reaction and serum sickness. [74, 72]

TOLERANCE, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES & TUMOR IMMUNITY

1. Define tolerance & autoimmunity. [74, 73, 71] [C-420, 423]
2. Discuss the mechanism of autoimmunity / autoimmune diseases. [76, 74, 73, 69] [C-423]
3. Briefly discuss tumor antigens. [70, 69] [C-434]
4. Name 2 tumor associated antigens with their clinical importance. [70]
5. Name and state the importance of different tumor markers. [69] [C-436]

LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY
1. Enumerate antigen-antibody reactions used in diagnostic laboratory with examples. [76] [C-
439]
2. Write the differences between agglutination and precipitation. [70] [C-444]
3. Write a note on ELISA. / State the principle of ELISA. [76, 70] [C-446]

D`qvw`ª 79 63
 1ST TERM QUESTIONS
K-79
Answer question no 1 and any three questions from each group
Full marks: 70 Time: 2.30 hour
GROUP –A
1. Describe the structure and function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls with diagram.
Mention the antibiotics that aet on peptidoglycan. Discuss bacterial spore. 3.5+1.5+2
2. Draw and label the bacterial growth curve and explain its significance in pathogenesis. Define
generation time with examples. 2.5+1
3. Explain selective toxicity. Discuss the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance. Define
chemoprophylaxis with examples. 1+1.5+1
4. Mention different level of disinfectants based on their microbicidal activity and give two
examples of each. Describe the mechanism of action of ionizing radiation. 2.5+1
5. State Koch's postulates and discuss their limitations. Differentiate exotoxin and endotoxin of
bacteria. 2+1.5
GROUP –B
1. Classify Mycobacterium. Discuss the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Outline the
laboratory diagnosis of tubercular meningitis. 2+3+2
2. Classify Streptococci on the basis of antigenic property. Discuss the immunopathogenesis of
rheumatic fever. 1.5+2
3. Describe the morphology, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Corynebacterium
diphtheriae. 3.5
4. Classify spore forming bacteria. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of tetanus.
5. A 30-year-old man presents with diffuse maculopapular rash involving the palms and soles
with low-grade fever and malaise. He reports having a painless genital ulcer a month ago,
which healed spontaneously. VDRL and TPHA both found positive. 1+1+1.5
a. What is the stage of syphilis in this patient?
b. Explain the advantages of VDRL over TPHA.
c. Mention the complications if untreated.
GROUP –C
1. Mention the properties of Enterobacteriaceae. Describe the different diarrheagenic strains
of Esch. coli with their major virulence factors and state the diseases caused by each type.
Briefly discuss hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) 1+4+2
2. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever. 1.5+2
3. Describe the morphology and virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori. State the laboratory
diagnosis of H. pylori infection. 1.5+2
4. List the medically important species of Chlamydia and Rickettsia and the diseases caused by
each. Discuss cold agglutinin test. 2+1.5
D`qvw`ª 79 64
5. A 15-year-old boy admitted in hospital with the history of acute watery diarrhea, vomiting
and signs of dehydration. Dark field microscopy of stool revealed shooting star like motility of
bacteria. 1+1.5+1
a. State the possible diagnosis and name the causative organism.
b. List the virulence factors of the organism.
c. Name one culture media and one biochemical test that will be helpful for confirming
the diagnosis.
GROUP –D
1. Explain how a foreign antigen is recognized and eliminated from the body. 7
2. Discuss the mechanism of anaphylaxis. Compare and contrast Type II and Type III
hypersensitivity reactions with examples. 1.5+2
3. Describe the structure of an antibody molecule with diagram. Mention the biological effects
of complement components. 2+1.5
4. Discuss the mechanism of autoimmunity with examples. Explain how T cell develop tolerance
to self-antigen. 2+1.5
5. Discuss the mechanisms of allograft rejection. Mention the methods of HLA typing in the
laboratory. 2+1.5

K-79 (Supple)
Answer all questions
Full marks: 35 Time: 1:30 hour
1. Classify bacteria on the basis of oxygen requirements. Draw and label bacterial growth curve
and write the importance of each phase. 1+2.5
2. Define critical, semi-critical and non-critical objects with examples. Briefly discuss the
mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. 1.5+2
3. List the toxins and enzymes produce by Streptococcus pyogenes. Describe the pathogenesis
of clostridial myonecrosis. 1.5+2
4. Mention the bacterial causes of invasive diarrhea. Briefly discuss the pathogenesis of enteric
fever. Write down the interpretation of widal test. 1+1.5+1
5. Write the differences between primary and secondary tuberculosis. Outline the laboratory
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis? 1.5+2
6. Mention the causes of non-gonococcal urethritis. Write the laboratory diagnosis of acute
gonococcal urethritis in male. What is chancroid? 1+1.5+1
7. State the virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori. Write down the specific and non-specific
tests for diagnosis of syphilis with their advantages and disadvantages. 1+2.5
8. What are the criteria of an ideal antigen? Discuss how a foreign antigen is eliminated from
the body. 1+2.5
9. Mention the activators of different pathways of complement activation. Discuss the
mechanism of allograft rejection. 1.5+2

D`qvw`ª 79 65
10. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. Describe type III
hypersensitivity with example. 1.5+2

K-79 (3rd Year)

Answer any 6 questions
Full marks: 30 Time: 1:00 hour
1. List the essential and non-essential components of a bacterial cell. Mention the differences
between gram positive and gram negative bacterial cell wall. 2+3
2. Classify bacteria on the basis of oxygen requirement. Draw and label bacterial growth curve
with clinical importance of each phase. 2+3
3. Mention the steps of bacterial pathogenesis. Tabulate five differences between exotoxin and
endotoxin. 2+3
4. Enumerate the properties of an ideal antimicrobial agents. State the mechanism of action of
cephalosporin. 2+3
5. Define antisepsis, disinfection and chemical sterilant. Write down the principle and use of autoclave.
6. Explain selective toxicity with examples. Describe the genetic origin of antibiotic resistance.
7. Define plasmid. State the clinical significance of plasmid. How does bacteria transfer
antibiotic resistance genes from one bacteria to another? 1+1.5+2.5
8. Name the normal flora of the intestinal tract and female genital tract with their importance.
Briefly discuss Koch's postulates with their limitations. 2+3
9. Briefly describe different level of disinfection. Write short note on tyndallization and
pasteurization. 2+3
10. Discuss the steps of Gram stain. Define indicator and selective media with examples. 3+2

K-78
Answer all the questions
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
1. Draw and label the cell wall of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Write the
differences between exotoxin and endotoxin. Mention the importance of plasmid. 2+2+1
2. Define critical and semi-critical objects with examples. Enumerate the methods that can
destroy bacterial spore. Discuss pasteurization. 1.5+1.5+2
3. Classify cephalosporin with example. Briefly describe the genetic basis of antimicrobial
resistance. 1.5+3.5
4. Mention the virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Write the laboratory diagnosis of
acute gonococcal urethritis in male. 2+3
5. Enumerate the diarrheagenic strain of E. coli. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory
diagnosis of enteric fever. 1+2+2
6. List the toxins and enzymes of Streptococcus pyogenes. Discuss the pathogenesis of
Staphylococcal food poisoning. Explain MRSA and VRSA. 2+2+1

D`qvw`ª 79 66
7. List the medically important Chlamydia with the diseases they produce. Outline the
laboratory diagnosis of syphilis and congenital syphilis. 2+3
8. A 70 years-old man was admitted to the hospital after suffering from third-degree burns.
Three days later, he developed spiked a fever and the wound dressing had blue-green colour
pus. Gram stain of pus revealed gram-negative rods. 1+0.5+1
a. What is the probable organism causing this infection?
b. Name the biochemical test to identify the causative agent.
c. Name three antibiotics that can be used in this case.
9. Enumerate the virulence factors of H. pylori. Discuss the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease
caused by H. pylori. Mention the steps of the laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori infection.1+2+2
10. Discuss the mechanism of pseudo membrane formation in Diphtheria. Write the
management of a case of road traffic accident having tetanus-prone injury. 3+2
11. Enumerate the members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Outline the laboratory
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Write three differences between tuberculoid and
lepromatous leprosy. 1+2+2
12. A 30 years old man came with a 2 cm lesion on his arm. It began as a painless papule that
enlarged, within a few days ulcerated and form a black crust. A Gram stain from the fluid
reveals large gram-positive rods- 1+0.5+1
a. What is the probable diagnosis?
b. Name the causative agent.
c. Mention the virulence factors produced by that organism.
13. Mention the activators of different pathways of complement activation. What are the
biological effects of complement components? Give examples of common complement
deficiency disorders. 1.5+2+1.5
14. What are the criteria of an ideal antigen? Draw and label an Immunoglobulin molecule.
What is class switching? 2+2+1
15. Describe type III hypersensitivity with example. Discuss ADCC. 2.5+2.5
16. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. Discuss how a foreign body is
eliminated from body. 2+3
17. List the cellular component of immunity. Mention the differences between primary and
secondary immune response. 2+3

K-78 (Supple)
Answer all the questions
Full marks: 40 Time: 1:20 hours
1. Briefly describe the different level of disinfection. Discuss the mechanism of antimicrobial
resistance. 1.5+3.5
2. Mention the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. Briefly describe the pathogenesis
and laboratory diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. 1+4

D`qvw`ª 79 67
3. Classify Mycobacteria. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of renal tuberculosis. Define MDR &
XDR tuberculosis. 2+2+1
4. A 45 years old truck driver came with the complaints of hard ulcerative lesion on external
genitalia with lymphadenopathy. He had a history of exposure with a commercial sex worker.
a. What may be the probable diagnosis? 1+.5+.5+5
b. Mention the causative agent.
c. Name the sample to be collected for diagnosis.
d. List the serological test for diagnosis.
5. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever. What is Hemolytic Uremic
Syndrome? 1.5+2+1.5
6. Define antigen, immunogen and hapten. Briefly discuss activation of helper T-cell to protein
antigen. 1.5+3.5
7. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. Discuss the mechanism of Type-
II hypersensitivity with example. 2+3
8. Draw and label the structure of IgM & secretory IgA molecule with functions. Write the
biological functions of complement. 3+2
9. A 10 years old boy presented with sore throat and fever for 2 days. On examination there
was a white patch over the tonsil. Answer the following questions- 1+1+.5
a. Name the probable diagnosis and organism responsible for the condition.
b. What will be the microscopic findings of the stained specimen of throat swab?
c. Name the media used for isolation of the above organism.

K-78 (Re-Supple)
Answer all the questions
Full marks: 50 Time: 1 hour
1. Write the clinical importance of different phases of bacterial growth curve with diagram.
Discuss the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. 4+4
2. Enumerate two toxins and enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Describe the
pathogenesis of tetanus. Write the laboratory diagnosis of acute gonococcal urethritis in male.
3. Write the differences between primary and secondary tuberculosis. How will you diagnose a
case of pulmonary tuberculosis? Write the interpretation of tuberculin test.
4. Enumerate the general characteristics of Enterobacteriacae. Describe the pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever.
5. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. Briefly discuss activation of
helper T-cell to protein antigen. 3+5
6. Define hypersensitivity. Outline the mechanism of type-III hypersensitivity with example.
Write the biological effects of complement components. 1+4+3

D`qvw`ª 79 68
 K-77
Answer all the questions
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
1. Classify bacteria on the basis of flagellar arrangement with example. Discuss the clinical
importance of different phases of bacterial growth curve with diagram. 2+3
2. Briefly describe different level of disinfection. Write the principles and uses of autoclave.
3. Define plasmid and transposon. Briefly discuss the mechanisms of Antimicrobial drug
resistance. 1+4
4. Name the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. Briefly describe the pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. 1+4
5. A young boy presented with sore throat and fever for 2 days. On examination there was a
white patch over the tonsil. Answer the following questions- 2+1+2
a) Name the probable diagnosis and organism responsible for the condition.
b) What will be the microscopic findings of the stained specimen of throat swab?
c) Name the media used and colony morphology or the above organism.
6. Explain why Pseudomonas is not an Enterobacteriaceae. Describe the pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever. 1+4
7. Write the differences between primary and secondary tuberculosis. Give the interpretation
of tuberculin test. Define MDR & XDR tuberculosis. 2+2+1
8. List some medically important Chlamydia with the diseases they produce. Write the
laboratory diagnosis of acute gonococcal urethritis in male. 2+3
9. Describe the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease caused by H. pylori. How H. pylori infection
can be diagnosed in the laboratory? 3+2
10. A 30 years old male with history of exposure came to you with hard ulcerative lesion on
external genitalia with lymphadenopathy. 2+1+2
a. What may be the probable diagnosis and causative agent causing this lesion?
b. What specimen will you collect for demonstration of the causative agent?
c. How will you confirm your diagnosis in the lab?
11. Classify Vibrio. Discuss the mechanism of diarrhea caused by Vibrio. How can you diagnose
cholera in laboratory? 1+2+2
12. Define antigen, immunogen and hapten. Discuss how a foreign antigen eliminated from
body with diagram. 1.5+ 3.5
13. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. Draw and level the structures
of IgM and secretory IgA with functions. 2+3
14. Discuss the mechanism of allograft rejection. What is MHC? Mention the types or MHC and
importance of MHC in organ transplantation. 2+1+2
15. Define complement. What are the biological effects of complement components? Give
examples of common complement deficiency disorders. 1+2+2
D`qvw`ª 79 69
16. Mention the difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity. Outline the mechanism
of type-III hypersensitivity with example. 2+3

K-76
Answer all the questions
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
1. What do you mean by the growth and death-of bacteria? Write the mechanism of endotoxic
shock.
2. Discuss the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. Name the drugs that are used in MRSA
and ESBL producing bacteria.
3. Classify Streptococci. Discuss the pathogenesis of Rheumatic fever.
4. State the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Write
laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
5. Classify anaerobic bacteria of medical importance. Briefly describe the pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis.
6. A 35 years old truck driver came with complaints of a hard ulcerative lesion on external
genitalia with lymphadenopathy. He had a history of exposure with a commercial sex worker.
a. What may be the probable diagnosis?
b. Mention the causative agent.
c. Name the sample to be collected for diagnosis.
d. List the serological test for diagnosis.
7. Classify vibrio. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of cholera.
8. Define critical, semi-critical, and non-critical objects with examples. State the pathogenesis
and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever.
9. Name some medically important Chlamydia with the disease they produce. Write the
laboratory diagnosis of acute gonococcal urethritis in male.
10. A patient was hospitalized with 20% burn in his lower limb. After one week, he develops
high-grade fever and greenish pus with a sweetish odor. Culture of pus yielded lactose non-
fermenting colonies.
a. Name the causative organism.
b. Why the color of pus is green?
c. Name the test to identify the causative organism.
d. Name two antibiotics to treat this case.
11. Enumerate cellular components of innate and acquired immunity. What are the differences
between active and passive immunity?
12. Draw and level the structure of a secretory IgA molecule with its functions. Write the
biological functions of complement.
13. Discuss the mechanism of anaphylaxis. Write a note on desensitization.

D`qvw`ª 79 70
14. Name the professional antigen-presenting cells. Briefly discuss the activation of helper T-
cell to protein antigen.
15. Mention different types of T lymphocytes with their functions. State the mechanism of
autoimmunity.
16. Enumerate antigen-antibody reactions used in diagnostic laboratory with examples. Write
a note on ELISA.

K-76 (Supple)
Answer all the questions
Total marks: 40 Time: 1 hour 20 min
1. Classify bacteria based on oxygen requirement with examples. Write the mechanism of
endotoxic shock.
2. Mention the properties of ideal antimicrobial agents. Discuss the mechanism of antimicrobial
resistance.
3. Name medically important Chlamydia with the diseases they produce. Write the laboratory
diagnosis of acute gonococcal urethritis in males.
4. Briefly describe the different levels of disinfection. How will you diagnose a case of pulmonary
tuberculosis?
5. Define antigen, immunogen, and hapten. Tabulate the difference between active and passive
immunity.
6. Enumerate the general characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae. Write down the pathogenesis
and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever.
7. Name the professional antigen-presenting cells. Briefly discuss the activation of helper T-cells
to protein antigen.
8. Define and classify hypersensitivity. Discuss the mechanism of type-III hypersensitivity with
examples.

K-75
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
(Answer all the questions)
1. Tabulate the differences between endotoxin and exotoxin of bacteria. Write mechanism of
endotoxic shock. 3+2
2. Briefly discuss the mechanisms of Antimicrobial drug resistance. 5
3. Name the different sterilization methods which can kill spores. Name the drugs that are used
in MRSA and ESBL producing Bacteria. 3+2
4. Enumerate the bacterial agents that are transmitted by vertical and feco-oral route. Write
down the pathogenesis of Enteric fever. 2.5+2.5
5. Classify bacteria. Discuss the clinical importance of different phases of bacterial growth curve
with diagram. 2.5+2.5

D`qvw`ª 79 71
6. A young boy presented with sore throat and fever for 2 days. On examination there was a
white patch over the tonsil. Answer the following questions- 2+1+2
a. Name the probable diagnosis and organism responsible for the condition.
b. What will be the microscopic findings of the stained specimen of throat swab?
c. Name the media used for isolation of the above organism.
7. Classify Streptococcus. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of Acute Gonococcal urethritis.
8. Discuss the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin. Classify
enterobacteriacae on the basis of lactose fermentation. 4+1
9. Classify Mycobacteria. How will you diagnose a case of pulmonary tuberculosis? 2+3
10. Mention the important characteristics of Chlamydia. Write down the laboratory diagnosis
of primary syphilis. 2+3
11. A 35 years old farmer has come with an ulcer on his left hand with profound edema around
ulcer. He handled meat of a cow one week back. Clinically it was diagnosed as a case of
cutaneous anthrax.
a. Name the organism responsible for this condition. 1+1+2+1
b. Write modes of transmission of the causative bacteria.
c. Mention the virulence factors of the bacteria.
d. What findings you expect in gram stained smear of ulcer exudates.
12. Write the difference between primary immune and secondary immune response. How does
innate immunity differ from acquired immunity? 2.5+2.5
13. Name the professional antigen presenting cells. Draw and level the structures of IgG and
secretory IgA with functions. 1+4
14. Write the differences between active and passive immunity. Briefly discuss activation of
helper T-cell to protein antigen. 1.5+3.5
15. Name the activators of classical and alternative complement pathway. Write the biological
functions of complement. 2+3
16. Mention the mediators released from mast cell degranulation in type -1 hypersensitivity.
Outline the mechanism of type-III hypersensitivity with example. 2+3

K-74
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all questions
Q1. Define and classify sterilization. Differentiate sterilization from disinfection. Briefly describe
different levels of disinfection with example. 1.5+1.5+2
Q2. Define chemoprophylaxis and probiotics. State briefly the mechanisms of antimicrobial
resistance. 2+3
Q3. Classify bacteria according to oxygen requirement. Why anaerobic bacteria cannot survive
in presence of oxygen. State the importance of log phase of bacterial growth curve. 1.5+2+1.5

D`qvw`ª 79 72
Q4. Enumerate the virulence factors of bacterial pathogenicity. State the pathophysiological
effects of endotoxin. 2+3
Q5. Name the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. Write the pathogenesis of
staphylococcal food poisoning. Mention the drugs used to treat MRSA infected patients.
Q6. Enumerate the causes of invasive diarrhea. Write down the pathogenesis of diarrhea by
Shigella flexneri and enterotoxigenic Esch. coli. 1+2+2
Q7. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever. 2.5+2.5
Q8. Classify anaerobic bacteria of medical importance. Briefly describe the pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. 1.5+3.5
Q9. Classify spirochetes with the disease they produce. State the laboratory diagnosis of
primary syphilis. 2+3
Q10. State briefly the pathogenesis of primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Mention the
interpretation of tuberculin test. 2+3
Q11. Write the difference between innate and adaptive immunity. How active immunity differs
from passive immunity. 2.5+2.5
Q12. Explain the mechanism of development of type II hypersensitivity reaction with diagram.
Write the difference between arthus reaction and serum sickness. 3+2
Q13. Define antigen and hapten. Mention the features of antigen that determine
immunogenicity. Draw and label an IgG molecule. 2+3
Q14. Define tolerance and autoimmunity. Discuss the mechanism of autoimmunity.
Q15. Briefly discuss how T cell is activated to protein antigen. 5
Q16. Write short notes on (a) Post streptococcal disease 2.5+2.5
(b) Lepromatous leprosy

K-73
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all questions
1. Mention the differences between Gram positive & Gram negative cell wall with diagram.
State the different phases of growth curve with importance.
2. Classify bacteria on the basis of oxygen requirement and temperature. Why anaerobic
bacteria cannot grow in presence of oxygen?
3. Define “selective toxicity” of antibiotics. Discuss the mechanism by which antibiotic
resistance develops. What is ESBL?
4. Define sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis. What are the critical, semi-critical & non-
critical objects? Why moist heat is better than dry heat?
5. Classify spore-bearing bacteria. Write the pathogenesis of clostridial myonecrosis.
6. Enumerate the toxins & enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Write the
pathogenesis of staphylococcal food poisoning. Mention the drugs used to treat MRSA infected
patients.
D`qvw`ª 79 73
7. Define MDR-TB & XDR-TB. Write laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis & latent
tuberculosis.
8. Name the bacteria causing STD. mention the samples to be collected, tests to be done with
findings for diagnosis of gonococcal infection. State the complications of gonorrhea.
9. Discuss the pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. State the clinical use of
botulinum toxin.
10. Mention the common characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae. Describe the pathogenesis of
shigellosis.
11. Define complement. Name the activators of alternate & classical pathways of complement.
Describe the biological functions of C3a, C3b, C4a, C4b, C5b,6,7 and membrane attack complex.
12. Define antigen, immunogen & hapten. What are the features of antigen that determine
immunogenicity? Describe the structure of IgG with diagram.
13. What is MHC gene & MHC protein? Mention the types of graft rejection. How can graft
rejection be prevented?
14. Mention the mediators released from mast cell degranulation in type-I hypersensitivity.
Outline the mechanism of type-III hypersensitivity with example.
15. Define tolerance & autoimmunity. Discuss the mechanism of autoimmunity.
16. Briefly discuss how T-cell is activated to protein antigen with the help of a diagram.

K-72
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all questions.
1. Write the differences between eukaryote and prokaryote. How does cell wall of gram positive
bacteria differ from gram negative bacteria? 2+3
2. Define chemoprophylaxis and probiotics. Briefly describe the mechanisms by which bacteria
develop resistance. 2+3
3. Classify bacterial culture media according to consistency. How selective media differ from
indicator media? Mention the advantage of solid media over liquid media. 2+2+1
4. Differentiate sterilization from disinfection. Discuss the principles of autoclaving. 2+3
5. Enumerate the toxins and enzymes produced by Staph. aureus. Write the pathogenesis of
staphylococcal food poisoning, Mention the drugs used to treat MRSA infected patients?
6. Classify vibrio. Write the pathogenesis of cholera. 2+3
7. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever. 3+2
8. Classify Spirochetes with the diseases they produce. Discuss the steps of laboratory diagnosis
of primary syphilis. 2+3
9. Discuss the mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum toxin. What are the clinical uses
of Botox? 4+1
10. Classify Streptococcus. Explain the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. 2.5+2.5

D`qvw`ª 79 74
11. Define antigen and hapten. Write differences between primary immune response and
secondary immune response. How does active immunity differ from passive immunity?
12. Classify hypersensitivity with examples. Explain the mechanism of development of type I
hypersensitivity reaction with a diagram. 1.5+3.5
13. Define and classify immunity. State the functions of macrophage, B lymphocyte and NK cell.
14. Mention the activators of different pathways of complement. Write the biological functions
of complement. 2.5+2.5
15. Draw and label an immunoglobulin molecule. State the differences between Arthus reaction
and serum sickness. 2.5+2.5
16. Classify graft rejection. What measures should be taken for graft rejection? 2+3

K-71
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. Briefly discuss endotoxic shock. 5
2. Define selective toxicity. Discuss the mechanism of drug resistance. 2+3
3. Define critical, semi critical and non-critical objects with examples. Why spores are destroyed
at lower temperature in autoclave than in hot air oven? 3+2
4. Enumerate the toxins and enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Discuss the
mechanism of food poisoning by staphylococcus aureus. 2+3
5. Classify streptococcus. Write the diagnosis of acute gonococcal urethritis in male patient in
the laboratory. 2+3
6. Name the medically important anaerobic bacteria with diseases they produce. Briefly discuss
the pathogenesis of clostridial myonecrosis. 1.5+3.5
7. Classify Spirochetes with diseases they produce. Write the laboratory diagnosis of primary syphilis.
8. Write the interpretation of Widal test. Briefly discuss the pathogenesis of shigellosis. 2+3
9. Define MDR & XDR TB. How pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed in the laboratory?
10. Write down the life cycle of Chlamydia. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter
pylori infection 2.5+2.5
11. Define and classify immunity Enumerate the differences between innate and acquired
immunity. 2.5+2.5
12. Mention the difference between primary and secondary immune response. How does
antigen differ from hapten? 2.5+2.5
13. Write the biological functions of complements. Mention the steps that are taken to prevent
graft rejection. 2.5+2.5
14. What are MHC genes and MHC proteins? Mention the biological importance of MHC. Write
a note on NK-T cell. 2+2+1
15. Define tolerance and autoimmunity. Discuss briefly activation of T lymphocyte. 2.5+2.5
16. Discuss the mechanism of type I hypersensitivity with the help of diagram. 5
D`qvw`ª 79 75
 K-70
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. What is Koch's Postulates? Discuss its limitations & new adjuncts. What do you understand
by the term molecular Koch's Postulates?
2. Write down the principles of 2 staining procedures. Name 4 capsulated bacteria. What are
the functions of ale? Is selective toxicity of antibiotics?
3. Write down The mechanism of action of penicillin. Mention the drugs cap be used to treat
MRSA, VRSA and ESBL producing bacteria.
4. What down the mechanisms of drug resistance?
5. Name four methods of sterilizations which can destroy bacterial spore.
6. What is cold sterilization? Define critical, semi critical and noncritical objects with examples.
7. State the mechanism of endotoxin shock. Write down the clinical importance of growth curve.
8. Define normal flora. Mention the beneficial & harmful effects of normal flora.
9. Define Chemoprophylaxis, probiotics, plasmid, transposon & generation time.
10. Name the immune competent cells. Describe the functions of Macrophage, CD4 & NK T cell?
11. Define complement. Name the activators of alienate pathway of complement? State the
biological functions of complements.
12. Define immunogen & immunoglobulin. Write down the differences between IgG & IgM.
13. Describe activator of helper T cell lo an antigen with the help of a diagram. Define
hypersensitivity.
14. Discuss with diagram of type-1 hypersensitivity. What is MHC & MHC proteins? Stale the
importance of MHC proteins in immune response.
15. Briefly discuss humor antigens. Name 2 tumor associated antigen with their clinical importance.
16. Write the differences between agglutination and precipitation. Slate the principle of ELISA.

K-69
Total marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all questions. All questions carry equal marks.
1. List the capsulated bacteria. Enumerate the difference between Eukaryote and Prokaryote.
Draw and label structure of cell wall of gram positive bacteria. 1+1.5+2.5
2. Name the spore forming bacteria. State the differences between Exotoxin and Endotoxin.
3. Define sterilization. Mention the principles of autoclave. Define critical, semi-critical and non-
critical objects. 1+2+2
4. Why anaerobic bacteria can't survive in presence of [Link] the different phases of
bacterial growth curve. 2+3
5. Briefly discuss selective toxicity of bacteria. Enumerate mechanism by which antibiotic
resistance developed. 2+3
D`qvw`ª 79 76
6. Enumerate the steps of bacterial pathogenesis. Write the limitations and new adjuncts of
Koch's postulates. 3+2
7. Name the pileated bacteria. Enumerate the advantage and disadvantage of use of antibiotics
in combination. 1+4
8. Define immunity. Mention the soluble and cellular components of innate immunity. State the
differences between innate and acquired immunity. 1+2+2
9. Define and classify hypersensitivity. Write the immune-pathogenesis of type-II hypersensitivity.
10. Enumerate the classes and subclasses of immunoglobulin. Mention the biological functions
of immunoglobulin. 2+3
11. Define immunogen. Discuss the criteria of a good immunogen. 1+4
12. What is MHC? State their distribution. Write the importance of MHC. 1+1.5+2.5
13. State the difference between primary and secondary immune response. Mention the
functions of Macrophage. 3+2
14. Name and state the importance of different tumor markers. Discuss tumor antigens.
15. Discuss the mechanism of autoimmune diseases. 5
16. Mention the activators of different pathways of complement system. Write the biological
functions of the complements. 2+3

D`qvw`ª 79 77
 MICROBIOLOGY 2nd TERM
MYCOLOGY
1. Classify fungus.
2. Classify fungus morphologically with example. [77, 76, 75, 74, 73]
3. Name the dimorphic fungi. [76]
4. Classify antifungal drugs according to their mechanism of action. [78, 76]
5. Describe the predisposing factors and lab diagnosis of Ptyriasis versicolor.
6. Name the dermatophytes.
7. What is dermatophytid (‘id’) reaction? [78, 76, 74]
8. How will you diagnose ring worm infection in the laboratory?
9. How will you diagnose a case of tinea capitis / tinea corporis / tinea cruris? [78, 77, 76, 75,
74, 73]
10. Describe the laboratory diagnosis dermatophytosis.
11. Write down the pathogenesis & lab diagnosis of mycetoma.
12. Write the causative agents and laboratory diagnosis of Madura foot.
13. Name the common opportunistic fungal agents with the diseases they produce. [78, 77]
14. Describe the predisposing factors and lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis.
15. Mention the factors that predispose to candida infection.
16. How will you diagnose vaginitis caused Candida albicans? / Give the laboratory diagnosis of
Moniliasis. [77]
17. What is fungal ball? [78, 77, 76, 75]
18. Write down laboratory diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. [78, 76]
19. Short Note: Madura foot, Opportunistic fungi, Fungal ball
20. Problem: A patient of lymphoma has complained of severe headache. Clinical features are
consistent with meningitis.
a. Mention the fungal cause.
b. Name 3 tests to confirm it.
c. Write its mode of transmission. [Hints: Cryptococcus neoformans]
21. A 12 years old boy came to you with ulcer in his oral cavity on clinical examination whitish
patches on palate and lips were seen.
a. What is your clinical diagnosis?

D`qvw`ª 79 78
 b. Enumerate the predisposing factor of this condition.
c. How will you diagnose the case in laboratory? [Hints: Oral Candidiasis]
22. A 10-year-old boy presents with circular, dry, scaly, and pruritic lesions on his trunk and
limb. Skin scraping from the lesions is taken. [78]
a. What is the most probable diagnosis?
b. Write the microscopic findings.
c. Mention two drugs that may be used to treat the disease. [Hints: Trychophyton rubrum]

VIROLOGY
BASIC VIROLOGY
1. Draw & label the basic structure of a virus. [75, 74, 73]
2. Mention the structural component of a virus.
3. Enumerate the stages of replication of virus.
4. Mention the steps of replication of a DNA enveloped virus with a diagram. [78, 76, 75, 73]
5. State the steps of replication of an RNA enveloped virus with diagram. [77, 76, 74]
6. Mention the process by which the virus is released from infected cell.
7. Name the atypical virus.
8. What is a prion? [75]
9. Explain defective virus and prion. [78]
10. Name the viruses that enter through blood transfusion.
11. Name the viruses that enter through respiratory route.
12. Discuss lysogeny and latent viral infection. [76]
13. Write a note on cytopathic effects. [77]

HERPESVIRUS, ORTHOMYXOVIRUS, PARAMYXOVIRUS, RUBELLA VIRUS

1. Mention the common characteristics of herpes viruses and classify them on cell tropism.
[77, 73]
2. State the important criteria of herpes virus. [74]
3. Mention the mode of transmission of CMV. [74]
4. State the complications of Mumps in male patient with explanation. [74]
5. State the characteristics of Herpes virus and classify it. [75]
6. What is antigenic shift & drift? [78, 76, 75, 73]
D`qvw`ª 79 79
7. Write the characteristics of Herpes virus family.
8. Mention the complication of Measles and Mumps virus. [73]
9. Write down the characteristics of herpes viruses.
10. Mention the differences between HSV-1 & HSV-2.
11. State the difference between orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus.
12. Name the viruses that cause congenital anomalies.
13. Discuss “Congenital Rubella Syndrome”. [78, 77]
14. State the complications of rubella during pregnancy. [73]
15. A patient reported with fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy & splenomegaly. Hematological
investigation revealed absolute lymphocytosis with 30% abnormal lymphocytes.
a. What is your probable diagnosis?
b. Mention causative agent.
c. How will you confirm your diagnosis?
d. Name other diseases produced by this virus. [Hints: EBV]

HEPATITIS VIRUSES, ONCOGENIC VIRUSES

1. Define window period of HIV and HBV infection with clinical importance. [78, 76, 74]
2. State the role of reverse transcriptase enzyme in replication of hepatitis B virus. [77]
3. Mention the sero-markers of HBV infection with their clinical importance. [78, 76, 75, 73] /
Write different serological markers and their interpretation in hepatitis B virus infection. [77]
4. Write down the mode of liver cell injury in HCV infection.
5. 'HCV infection is more dangerous than HBV infection'- explain. [77, 75]
6. Enumerate the complications of HCV & HEV infection. [73]
7. Name the oncogenic viruses. [76]
8. Mention 4 DNA oncogenic viruses with the diseases they produce. [75, 73]
9. Write the mechanism of oncogenesis by Human Herpes Virus-8 and Human Papilloma Virus. [76]

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

1. 1. Mention the mode/route of transmission and lab diagnosis of HIV infection. [75, 73]
2. Name the serological markers of HIV infection.
3. Discuss the immune pathogenesis of HIV infection.
4. State the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. [76]
D`qvw`ª 79 80
5. Write down the prevention of AIDS.
6. Why HIV is called retrovirus?
7. Discuss how CD4+ T helper cells are killed in HIV infection. / Discuss the mode of death of
CD4 T cells in HIV infection. / Discuss the mechanism of CD4+ T cell destruction in HIV
infection. [77, 76, 74]
8. Write a note on immune reconstitiution inflammatory response (IRIS). [76, 75, 73]
9. Write down the laboratory diagnosis and prevention of AIDS. [78, 76]
10. What is window period in HIV infection and how will you diagnose during this period? [77]

POLIO, RABIES, DENGUE, ROTAVIRUS

1. Name the neurotropic viruses.
2. Write down the pathogenesis of paralytic poliomyelitis. [77]
3. Mention prevention against poliomyelitis in Bangladesh. [76]
4. What are the merits of killed & live polio vaccine?
5. Mention the merits & demerits of live & killed polio vaccines. [75, 73]
6. What is herd immunity? [77]
7. State the difference between street and Fixed Rabies virus.
8. What measures will you take after rabid dog bite? / Mention the measures needed after a
bite by a cat. / Write down the management of rabid dog bite. [78, 76, 75, 73]
9. Write the post exposure prophylaxis of Rabies.
10. Write the post exposure prophylaxis of Scabies. [74]
11. Name 2 important serological tests for diagnosis dengue fever.
12. Describe the pathogenesis of Dengue shock syndrome. [78, 77, 76, 74]
13. Briefly discuss the immune-pathogenesis and Diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. [78,
75, 73]
14. Describe the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever and paralytic poliomyelitis.
15. Name the viruses responsible for watery diarrhea.
16. Describe the pathogenesis & lab diagnosis of Rotavirus infection.
17. Mention the conditions on which the incubation period of rabies depends. [78]

D`qvw`ª 79 81
 PARASITOLOGY
BASIC CONCEPTS OF HOST, PARASITES, CLASSIFICATION
1. Classify parasite.
2. Define different types of hosts with examples.
3. Classify host with example.
4. Name parasites that use human as intermediate host.
5. Classify protozoa according to organ of locomotion.
6. List the protozoa that cause diarrhea. [73]
7. Name 4 protozoa causing diarrheal disease in human.
8. Name parasites (4) that cause autoinfection. [75]

ENTAMOEBA, FREE LIVING AMOEBA, GIARDIA, BALANTIDIUM

1. Write the infective form and diseases produced by Entamoeba histolytica. [76]
2. Describe pathogenesis of amebic liver abscess. [78, 76, 75, 74, 73]
3. Write the lab diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. [78, 76, 75, 74]
4. State the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis. [77, 73]
5. Describe the pathogenesis of intestinal amoebiasis. [77]
6. Mention the differences between Entamoeba histolytica & E. coli.
7. List the free-living amoebae, their mode of transmission and the diseases caused by them.
[78, 77, 75, 74]
8. How will you diagnose infection caused by free living amebae. [74]
9. Write the lab diagnosis of giardiasis.
10. Mention the pathogenicity of giardiasis. [76]
11. Write the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of giardiasis.

LEISHMANIA, TRICHOMONAS, TRYPANOSOMA

1. Name the hemoflagellates. [78, 77]
2. Classify Leishmania. [73]
3. Name the leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis in the New World and Old World.
[75, 74]
4. Mention the different forms of L. donovani.
5. State the mechanism of anemia in kala-azar. [73]
D`qvw`ª 79 82
6. Write laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. [77, 76, 74]
7. Briefly discuss the laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar. [75, 73]
8. Briefly discuss PKDL. [77]
9. Write the laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. [78]

PLASMODIUM
1. Mention different mode of transmission of malaria. [74]
2. Mention 4 differences between sporozoite induced malaria & trophozoite induced malaria. [73]
3. Describe erythrocytic schizogony.
4. How Plasmodium vivax can be differentiated from Plasmodium falciparum in the
laboratory? [76]
5. Discuss the mechanism of anemia in malaria and visceral leishmaniasis.
6. Define relapse & recrudescence of malaria.
7. Explain the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of cerebral malaria. [75]
8. Discuss pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. [78, 77, 76, 74, 73]
9. SN: Tropical splenomegaly syndrome
10. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of malaria. [78]

TOXOPLASMA
1. Name the morphological forms of Toxoplasma gondii with modes of transmission. / Write
the modes of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to human with its infective form. [78, 77,
76, 75, 73]
2. Enumerate the infective forms of Toxoplasma gondii and how they are transmitted into human.
3. Mention mode of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. [74]
4. Write the laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. [77, 76, 75, 73]

HELMINTHS CESTODES: TAENIA, ECHINOCOCCUS, DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM

TREMATODES: SCHISTOSOMA, FASCIOLAPSIS
1. State the major differences between Cestodes & Nematodes in tabulated form. [77]
2. Mention the differences between Cestodes and Trematodes
3. Mention the differences between cestode, trematode and nematode.
4. Enumerate the general characteristics of cestodes. [75]

D`qvw`ª 79 83
5. Name the blood flukes.
6. Name blood & liver flukes.
7. Name the intestinal and blood flukes.
8. Name the species of Echinococcus with the disease they produce. [76]
9. Describe a hydatid cyst with diagram. [78, 76, 75, 74]
10. Describe the different components and contents of hydatid cyst with diagram. [73]
11. Write the lab diagnosis & management of hydatid disease.
12. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of hydatid cyst. [78, 77, 76, 75, 74]
13. Write a note on hydatid cyst.
14. Discuss the mechanism of anemia caused by hookworm and Diphylobothrium latum infection.
[78, 76, 75, 74]
15. Mention the infective form and mode of transmission of Taenia saginata and Taenia
solium. [76]
16. Compare between Taenia saginata & Taenia solium. [73]
17. State the differences between Taenia saginatum & Taenia solium.
18. Explain why T. solium is more dangerous than T. saginata in human infection. [73]
19. Briefly discuss cysticercosis. / Write a note on cysticercosis. [78, 77]
20. Briefly discuss mode of transmission and lab diagnosis of Fasiolopsis buski infection.
21. State the mechanism of anemia and laboratory diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum.
22. Discuss the mechanisms of anemia produced by Ancylostoma duodenale and
Diphyllobothrium latum.
23. Classify trematodes. [78]
24. A 7 years old boy presented with itching around the anus at night. His mother gave the
history of visible small worms in his stool. [78]
a. Name the probable helminth.
b. Enumerate the infective form of this parasite.
c. Mention the modes of transmission of this parasite.
d. Which sample should be taken for diagnosis?

D`qvw`ª 79 84
 NEMATODES: ASCARIS, ENTEROBIUS, STRONGYLOIDES, TICHURIS
HOOKWORM, FILARIASIS, ONCOCERCA VOLVULUS
1. Classify tissue nematodes. [78, 76, 75]
2. Name the intestinal nematodes.
3. Discuss the pathogenic lesions produced by Ascaris lumbricoidis. [77, 74]
4. Define autoinfection, larva migrans, ectopic ascariasis, hygiene hypothesis. [73]
5. What is hyper infection syndrome, auto infection & hygiene hypothesis?
6. Define larva currens & larva migrans. [74]
7. Name the clinical conditions caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. [73]
8. Name 2 conditions where motility of Ascaris lumbricoides is increased. [73]
9. Define auto-infection and retrograde infection with examples.
10. Discuss the mode of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis
infection. [77]
11. Briefly discuss ectopic ascariasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
12. Describe mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii & Enterobius vermicularis.
13. Write laboratory diagnosis and management of enterobiasis.
14. Write the mechanism of anemia in hookworm infection / fish tapeworm infection. [78, 77, 76]
15. Write a note on larva migrans and hyper-infection syndrome. [78]
16. Define different types of periodicity of microfilaria with example. [76]
17. Write differences between classical and occult filariasis. [77]
18. State the pathogenesis of Elephantiasis. [77]
19. Mention the causes of lymphatic filariasis. Write laboratory diagnosis of elephantiasis. [78]
20. State the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. [78, 76, 75, 74, 73]
21. How will you diagnose a case of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?
22. What do you mean by provocative test for filariasis? [78, 77, 73]
23. Write notes on hyper-infection syndrome. [78, 73]
24. Short Note: Larva migrans, Provocative test, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
25. Describe the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis. [78]
26. What is tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and hyperinfection syndrome? [77]
27. What do you mean by ectopic ascariasis, hyper infection syndrome, autoinfection &
hygiene hypothesis? [76]

D`qvw`ª 79 85
 CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
EXAMINATION OF URINE, URINARY TRACT INFECTION
1. Mention the causes of UTI. [74]
2. Mention the bacterial cause of UTI.
3. Enumerate the bacterial causes of lower urinary tract infection.
4. How will you differentiate upper and lower UTI both in clinically and microscopic urine
examination? [77]
5. What are the causes of culture negative UTI? [76, 74]
6. What is sterile pyuria? [74]
7. Mention the causes of aseptic pyuria. [73]
8. Mention the causes where significant number of pus cells present in- urine but culture yield
no growth.
9. How will you collect urine in a catheterized patient? [73]
10. How will you diagnose a case of UTI in laboratory?

EXAMINATION OF CSF, MENINGITIS

1. Name the organisms causing meningitis according to different age groups. [78, 76, 75]
2. Enumerate the causes of pyogenic meningitis.
3. Mention the CSF findings of pyogenic, viral, and tubercular meningitis. [78, 77, 76]
4. How will you differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis by examining CSF. [76, 75, 74]
5. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis.
6. Write down laboratory diagnosis streptococcal meningitis.
7. Write the differences between pyogenic, aseptic, and tubercular meningitis. [78]
8. List the bacterial causes of meningitis in different age groups.

BLOOD CULTURE, PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN

1. Mention the indications of blood culture. [78, 77, 76, 75]
2. Name and Describe the different methods of blood culture. [78, 77, 76, 75]
3. Mention the ideal procedure of blood collection for blood culture. [75, 74, 73] / Mention
the ideal procedure for collection of urine & blood for microbiological examination. [76]

D`qvw`ª 79 86
SPUTUM, CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA, VAGINAL & URETHRAL DISCHARGE
BASICS OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
1. Mention the causes of sexually transmitted diseases. / Enumerate the sexually
transmitted diseases with their causative agents. [77, 75, 74]
2. Mention the bacterial and fungal causes of vaginal discharge. How will you diagnose such
case in laboratory?
3. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of a case of vaginal discharge. [74]
4. How will you diagnose common infectious causes of vaginal discharge in lab?
5. Write the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, vaginal trichomoniasis and vaginal candidiasis.
[75]

D`qvw`ª 79 87
 2ND TERM QUESTIONS
K-79
Total marks 70 Time: 2.30 hours
Answer question no 1 and any three questions from each group
GROUP-A
1. Describe the different morphological forms of Toxoplasma gondii with diagram. Discuss the
pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. 3+4
2. List the tissue nematodes with their habitat. Discuss the pathogenesis of elephantiasis.
3. Tabulate 4 differences between Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. State the composition of
a hydatid cyst with diagram. 2+1.5
4. Discuss the morphological forms of Leishmania donovani with diagram. Mention the steps of
laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar. 1.5+2
5. A 30-year-old male from Rangamati District presents with high-grade intermittent fever,
chills, and sweating for 7 days. Peripheral blood smear shows Plasmodium falciparum
trophozoites. 1.5+1+1
a. Mention different routes of transmission of malaria.
b. List two complications of falciparum malaria.
c. Mention the microscopic findings of falciparum malaria.
GROUP-B
1. Describe atypical virus like agents. Mention 4 important difference between live vaccine and
killed vaccine. Explain herd immunity with example. 4+2+1
2. List three important differences between Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus. Explain
pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Dengue hemorrhagic fever. 1.5+2
3. Mention the important properties of HIV with diagram and laboratory diagnosis of HIV
infection. 1.5+2
4. List the serological markers of Hepatitis B virus and their clinical significance. Describe the
management of rabid dog bite according to category of wound. 2+1.5
5. A 32-year-old female healthcare worker develops sore throat, loss of smell, and low-grade
fever for 3 days. She worked in Covid-19 dedicated ward in the hospital.
a. Mention the possible modes of transmission of this infection.
b. Mention the rapid diagnostic methods and confirmatory test for this infection.
c. State two important infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in hospital
settings. 1+1.5+1
GROUP-C
1. Classify fungi according to the anatomical site of infection with examples. Mention 3 common
mycotoxin with their toxic effects. Discuss fungal ball. 2+3+2
2. List the dermatophytes with examples from each genus. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of
Tinea capitis. Explain Dermatophytid reaction. 1+1.5+1

D`qvw`ª 79 88
3. Enumerate 3 opportunistic fungal agents with the diseases they produce. Discuss the
laboratory diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. Mention the predisposing factors for candida
infection. 1+1.5+1
4. Classify antifungal agents according to site of action. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of
histoplasmosis. 2+1.5
5. A 38 years old bare footed farmer presented with painful swelling and multiple discharging
sinuses on his left foot for 5 months. There was pus with granular discharge from the sinus tract.
a. What may be the probable diagnosis? 1+1+1.5
b. Enumerate the causative organisms.
c. Write down the microscopic findings of the sample.
GROUP-D
1. Describe ideal procedure for collection of blood for culture. Enumerate different methods of
blood culture procedure with advantages and disadvantages. Mention 5 important indications
of blood culture. 2+3+2
2. Define nosocomial infection. Mention 4 important nosocomial infections. State 5 moments
of hand hygiene. 1+1.5+1
3. Define polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mention 5 important types of PCR. Describe the
principle of conventional PCR. 1+1+1.5
4. Enumerate the bacterial causes of meningitis in different age group. Mention 4 important
differences of bacterial, viral and tubercular meningitis. 1.5+2
5. A 30-year-old woman presented with history of fever, increased frequency, urgency and
burning sensation during micturition for 3 days. 1+1+1.5
a. State the probable diagnosis.
b. List 3 causative agents of this case.
c. Mention the microscopic findings and name of culture media, identify the organism.
Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q1-10
Marks -20 Time: 30 minutes
1. Parasites requiring an intermediate host
a) Ancylostoma duodenale
b) Toxoplasma gondi
c) Taenia saginata
d) Ascaris lumbricoides
e) Echinococcus granulosus

2. Regarding Plasmodium species

a) P ovale causes relapse
b) P vivax infect both young and old RBCs
c) P falciparum causes multiple infection in single RBC
d) Species can be identified by thick film of blood
e) Recrudescence seen in P falciparum infection
D`qvw`ª 79 89
3. Parasites that infect the liver include
a) Entamoeba histolytica
b) Echinococcus granulosus
c) Taenia saginata
d) Naegleria fowleri
e) Wuchereria bancrofti

4. Oncogenic viruses are

a) Human papilloma virus
b) Hepatitis A virus
c) Hepatitis B virus
d) Epstein-Barr virus
e) Polio virus

5. Regarding Herpes virus

a) All herpesviruses are enveloped
b) All are double-stranded DNA viruses
c) HSV-1 infect genital region
d) Replicate in cytoplasm of infected cell
e) HHV-8 is linked with Kaposi's sarcoma

6. Dengue virus
a) are single stranded RNA virus.
b) infection by one serotype confers life-long immunity to all serotype
c) is a non-enveloped virus
d) infection causes Negri body formation in cytoplasm
e) can be detected by NSI in 3 days of infection

7. Histoplasma capsulatum
a) transmitted by inhalation of spore
b) exist as yeast in soil and mold in tissue
c) survive in macrophage
d) can release fungal toxins
e) can spread to liver and spleen

8. Cryptococcus neoformans
a) is a dimorphic fungus in nature
b) has polysaccharide capsule
c) can cause meningitis in HIV patients

D`qvw`ª 79 90
 d) capsule can be detected by gram stain
e) can be transmitted from human to human

9. Regarding biosafety and waste disposal

a) BSL-2 labs handle moderate-risk pathogens
b) PPE is not required in BSL-2 labs
c) Yellow bin is used for infectious waste
d) Black bin for sharp objects
e) Red bin for IV sets, catheters, gloves

10. Organisms that cause neonatal meningitis are

a) Listeria monocytogenes
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Streptococcus agalactiae
d) Neisseria meningitidis
e) Escherichia coli

Single Best Answer (SBA): Q11-Q20

11. Which of the following parasite transmitted through skin penetration?
a) Plasmodium falciparum
b) Leishmania donovani
c) Necator americanus
d) Wuchereria bancrofti
e) Onchocerca volvulus

12. Which clinical sample is most appropriate for the diagnosis of kala-azar
a) Bone marrow aspiration
b) Lymph node aspirate
c) Splenic aspiration
d) Liver aspiration
e) Peripheral blood smear

13. A 8-year-old child develops foul-smelling steatorrhea. Stool examination reveals cysts of a
protozoa with four nuclei. Which parasite is most likely responsible?
a) Entamoeba histolytica
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Entamoeba coli
d) Cryptosporidium parvum
e) Trichomonas vaginalis

D`qvw`ª 79 91
14. Parasite causes microcytic hypochromic anemia is
a) Schistosoma haematobium
b) Diphyllobothrium latum
c) Leishmania donovani
d) Plasmodium falciparum
e) Ancylostoma duodenale

15. Which of the following is most common respiratory pathogen in infants

a) Influenza virus
b) Respiratory syncytial virus
c) Adeno virus
d) Rhino virus
e) Coxsackie virus

16. Most common route of HIV transmission is

a) feco-oral route
b) vertical transmission
c) airborne droplets
d) sexual contact
e) organ transplantation

17. Sexual spore of fungi is

a) Arthospore
b) Blastospore
c) Chlamydospore
d) Ascospore
e) Sporangiospore

18. A 15-year-old boy presents with a ring-shaped itchy lesion with clear center on his forearm.
KOH microscopy finding is
a) short, curved hyphae
b) short hyphae with yeast cells
c) budding yeast cells with pseudohyphae
d) septate branching hyphae
e) long, branched septate hyphae with arthrospore
19. AMSEL criteria is diagnostic for
a) Candidiasis
b) Trichomoniasis

D`qvw`ª 79 92
 c) Bacterial vaginosis
d) Bacterial vaginitis
e) Non gonococcal urethritis
20. Which one is not required for conventional PCR
a) Primer
b) TaqMan probe
c) Taq polymerase
d) Nucleotide
e) Buffer solution

K-79 (Supple)
Full marks: 35 Time: 1:30 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Draw and label the basic structure of a virus. Discuss the pathogenesis of Dengue shock
syndrome. 1.5+2
2. Enumerate the characteristics of Herpes virus family. State the seromarkers of HBV infection
with their clinical importance. 1+2.5
3. Mention the complications of measles and mumps virus infection. Describe the management
of rabid dog bite according to category of wound. 2+1.5
4. Write down the morphological forms of Entamoeba histolytica. Outline the laboratory
diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. 1+2.5
5. Describe the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of visceral
leishmaniasis. 2+1.5
6. Mention 3 important differences between cestode, trematode and nematode. Discuss
hydatid cyst with diagram. 1.5+2
7. Name the intestinal nematodes with their habitat. Discuss the mechanism of anemia in hook
worm infection and Diphylobothriasis. 1+2.5
8. Differentiate classical filariasis from occult filariasis. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of
lymphatic filariasis. 1.5+2
9. Define dimorphic fungus with examples. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of pityriasis
versicolor. 1.5+2
10. Name the opportunistic fungal agents. Write down the laboratory diagnosis of cryptococcal
meningitis. What is fungal ball? 1+1.5+1

D`qvw`ª 79 93
 K-78
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Mention the steps of replication of DNA virus with diagram. Explain defective virus and prion.
2. Define antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Write down the pathogenesis and diagnosis of
Dengue hemorrhagic fever.
3. Mention the conditions on which the incubation period of rabies depends. Write down the
management of rabid dog bite. Discuss congenital rubella syndrome.
4. Define window period of HIV and window period of HBV with importance. Write down the
laboratory diagnosis and prevention of AIDS.
5. What are the indications of blood culture? Describe different methods of blood culture.
6. Enumerate the causes of meningitis according to different age group. Write the differences
between pyogenic, aseptic, and tubercular meningitis.
7. List the free-living amoeba and the diseases caused by them. Discuss the pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.
8. Name hemoflagellates. Write the laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
9. Write the mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii with its infective form. Discuss the
pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of malaria.
10. Classify trematodes. Describe hydatid cyst with diagram. Write a note on cysticercosis.
11. Describe the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis. Discuss the mechanism of anemia caused
by hookworm. Write a note on larva migrans and hyperinfection syndrome.
12. Mention the causes of lymphatic filariasis. Describe the pathogenesis of elephantiasis. What
is provocative test?
13. A 7 years old boy presented with itching around the anus at night. His mother gave the
history of visible small worms in his stool.
a. Name the probable helminth.
b. Enumerate the infective form of this parasite.
c. Mention the modes of transmission of this parasite.
d. Which sample should be taken for diagnosis?
14. Define tolerance and autoimmunity. Discuss the basic mechanisms of autoimmune diseases.
15. Discuss the mechanism of allograft rejection. Briefly describe the principle of ELISA.
16. Classify antifungal drugs according to their mechanism of action. Write the laboratory
diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. What is dermatophytid ('id') reaction?
17. A 10-year-old boy presents with circular, dry, scaly, and pruritic lesions on his trunk and
limb. Skin scraping from the lesions is taken.
a. What is the most probable diagnosis?
b. Write the microscopic findings.
c. Mention two drugs that may be used to treat the disease.
D`qvw`ª 79 94
 K-78 (Supple)
Full marks: 50 Time: 1:00 hour
Answer all the questions
1. Mention the seromarkers of HBV infection with their clinical importance. Discuss the
pathogenesis of Dengue shock syndrome.
2. Name the common opportunistic fungal agents with the diseases they produce. Write the
diagnosis of tinea capitis. What is fungal ball?
3. Classify tissue nematodes. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic
filariasis.
4. Describe pathogenesis of amoebic liver abscess. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of Kala azar.
5. Discuss the mechanism of anaemia caused by hook worm and Diphylobothrium latum
infection. How hydatid disease can be diagnosed in the laboratory?
6. List the bacterial causes of meningitis in different age groups. Mention the CSF findings of
pyogenic, viral, and tubercular meningitis.

K-77
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Enumerate the replication steps of RNA enveloped virus with a diagram. Write a note on
cytopathic effects. 3+2
2. State the role of reverse transcriptase enzyme in replication of hepatitis B virus. Why hepatitis
C virus is more dangerous than hepatitis B virus? Write different serological markers and their
interpretation in hepatitis B virus infection. 1+1+3
3. Mention the common characteristics of herpes viruses and classify them on cell tropism.
Discuss "Congenital Rubella Syndrome". 3+2
4. Discuss the pathogenesis of paralytic poliomyelitis and Dengue shock syndrome. What is herd
immunity? 2+2+1
5. What is window period in HIV infection and how will you diagnose during this period? Discuss
the mechanism of CD4+ T cell destruction in HIV infection. 2+3
6. Classify fungus morphologically with example. Write the laboratory diagnosis of tinea cruris.
7. Name the common opportunistic fungal agents with the diseases they produce. Give the
laboratory diagnosis of Moniliasis. What is fungal ball? 2+2+1
8. List the free-living amoeba and mention the mode of transmission and disease caused by
them. Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis. 2+3
9. Write the differences between cestodes and nematodes in tabulated form. How hydatid
disease can be diagnosed in the laboratory? What is cysticercosis? 2+2+1
10. Mention the infective forms of Toxoplsma gondii. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of
toxoplasmosis in a pregnant lady. Discuss the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. 1+2+2

D`qvw`ª 79 95
11. Name the hemoflagellates. Write the Step of diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Briefly
discuss PKDL. 1+2+2
12. Write the mechanism of anemia in hook worm and fish tape worm infection. Mention the
pathogenic lesions produced by Ascaris lumbricoides. 3+2
13. Write differences between classical and occult filariasis. Describe the pathogenesis of
elephantiasis. What is provocative test? 1.5+2.5+1
14. What is tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and hyperinfection syndrome? State the laboratory
diagnosis of Enterobias vermicularis infection. 3+2
15. Enumerate the sexually transmitted diseases with their causative agents. Mention the CSF
findings of pyogenic, viral, and tubercular meningitis. 2+3
16. Mention the indications and different methods of blood culture. How will you differentiate
upper and lower UTI both in clinically and microscopic urine examination? 2+3

K-76
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Enumerate the replication steps of DNA enveloped virus with a diagram. Discuss lysogeny
and latent viral infection.
2. Define the window period of HBV and HIV infection with clinical significance. Mention the
seromarkers of HBV infection with their clinical importance.
3. Name the oncogenic viruses. Write the mechanism of oncogenesis by Human Herpes Virus-8
and Human Papilloma Virus. What is antigenic shift and antigenic drift?
4. Discuss the mode of death of CD4 T cells in HIV infection. Enumerate the opportunistic
infections associated with AIDS. Write a note on immune reconstitution inflammatory
syndrome (IRIS).
5. Discuss the pathogenesis of Dengue shock syndrome. Mention the measures needed after a
bite by a cat.
6. List the bacterial causes of meningitis in different age groups. Mention the CSF findings of
pyogenic, viral, and tubercular meningitis.
7. Enumerate the indication of blood culture. Mention the ideal procedure for the collection of
urine & blood for microbiological examination. Write the causes of culture- negative UTI.
8. Write the infective form and diseases produced by Entamoeba histolytica. Discuss the
pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.
9. Write the mechanism of anaemia in hookworm infection. Discuss laboratory diagnosis of
visceral leishmaniasis.
10. Mention Echinococcus species. Briefly discuss the hydatid cyst with a diagram. How hydatid
disease can be diagnosed in the laboratory?

D`qvw`ª 79 96
11. Name the morphological forms of Toxoplasma gondii with modes of transmission. Write the
laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the pregnant woman. Mention the pathogenicity of
giardiasis.
12. What do you mean by ectopic ascariasis, hyper infection syndrome, autoinfection & hygiene
hypothesis?
13. Discuss the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. How Plasmodium vivax can be differentiated
from Plasmodium falciparum in the laboratory?
14. Define the different types of periodicity of microfilaria with examples. Briefly discuss the
pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis.
15. Name the dimorphic fungi. How will you diagnose a case of tinea capitis? What is
dermatophytid (‘id’) reaction?
16. Classify anti-fungal drugs according to the mechanism of action. Write down laboratory
diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.

K-76 (Supple)
Total marks: 40 Time: 1 hour 20 min
Answer all the questions
1. Discuss the steps of replication of a RNA virus with a diagram. Mention the seromarkers of
HBV infection with their clinical importance.
2. Classify fungus morphologically. How will you diagnose a case of tinea corporis? What is
fungal ball?
3. Discuss the pathogenesis of Dengue shock syndrome. Write laboratory diagnosis of HIV
infection. Mention prevention against poliomyelitis in Bangladesh.
4. Briefly discuss the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Outline the laboratory diagnosis of
visceral leishmaniasis.
5. Classify tissue nematodes. State the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic
filariasis.
6. Mention the infective form and mode of transmission of Taenia saginata and Taenia solium.
How hydatid disease can be diagnosed in the laboratory?
7. Discuss the mechanism of anaemia caused by hookworm and Diphyllobothrium latum.
Describe the laboratory diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.
8. What are the indications of blood culture? Name the different methods of blood culture. How
will you differentiate bacterial and viral meningitis by CSF examination?

D`qvw`ª 79 97
 K-75
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1) Draw and label the basic structure of a virus. Mention the steps of replication of DNA virus
with diagram. What is a prion? 2+2+1
2) Mention the sero-markers of HBV infection with their clinical importance. 'HCV infection is
more dangerous than HBV infection'- explain. Mention four DNA oncogenic viruses with the
cancers they produce. 3+1+1
3) Discuss the pathogenesis of Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Mention the measures needed after
a bite by a rabid animal. 2.5+2.5
4) Mention the mode of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. Write a note on
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). 1.5+1 5+2
5) State the characteristics of the herpes virus family and classify it. What are an antigenic shift
and antigenic drift? What are the merits and demerits of live polio vaccine? 2+1.5+1.5
6) Classify fungus morphologically. How will you diagnose a case of tinea capitis? What is fungal ball?
7) Mention the causes of sexually transmitted diseases. Write the diagnosis of bacterial
vaginosis, vaginal trichomoniasis and vaginal candidiasis. 2+3
8) What are the indications of blood culture? Name the different methods of blood culture.
Mention the ideal procedure of blood collection for blood culture. 1+2+2
9) Name the organisms causing meningitis according to different age groups. How will you
differentiate bacterial and viral meningitis by CSF examination? 2+3
10) Discuss the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of cerebral malaria. 3+2
11) Classify tissue nematodes. State the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis.
12) List the free-living amoebae with modes of transmission and diseases they produce.
Describe the pathogenesis of amoebic liver abscess. Write laboratory diagnosis of amoebic
liver abscess. 2+1.5+1.5
13) Name the Leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis. Outline the laboratory
diagnosis of Kala-azar. 2+3
14) Enumerate the general characteristics of cestodes. Briefly discuss hydatid cyst with diagram.
How hydatid disease can be diagnosed in the laboratory? 1.5+2.5+1
15) Name the morphological forms of Toxoplasma gondii with modes of transmission. Write the
laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in a pregnant woman. 2+3
16) Name four parasites that cause autoinfection. Discuss the mechanism of anaemia caused
by hookworm and Diphylobothrium latum infection. 1+4

D`qvw`ª 79 98
 K-74
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Draw and label the basic structure of a virus. State the steps of replication of a RNA virus with
diagram. 2+3
2. State the important criteria of Herpes viruses. Mention the mode of transmission of CMV.
State the complications of Mumps in male patient with explanations? 1.5+1.5
3. Describe the pathogenesis of Dengue Shock Syndrome. Write the post exposure prophylaxis
of Scabies. 2.5+2.5
4. Define window period of HBV and HIV infection with their importance. Discuss how CD4 + T
helper lymphocytes are killed in HIV infection. 2+3
5. Mention the ideal procedure of collection of blood for blood culture. How will you
differentiate bacterial and viral meningitis by examining CSF. 2+3
6. Mention the causes of sexually transmitted diseases and bloody diagnosis of vaginal
discharge. 2.5+2.5
7. Mention the causes of urinary tract infection. What is sterile pyuria? What are the causes of
culture negative UTI? 2+1+2
8. Classify Fungus morphologically. How will you diagnose a case of Tinea capitis. dermatophytid
reaction? 2+2+1
9. Describe hydatid cyst with diagram. Write the lab diagnosis of hydatid cyst. 3+2
10. Discuss the pathogenic lesions produced by Ascaris lumbricoides. Discuss the lab diagnosis
and pathogenesis of amoebic liver abscess. 2+3
11. Define larva currens & larva migrans. Discuss the mechanism of anaemia caused
Diphylobothrium latum infection. 1+4
12. State pathogenesis of Elephantiasis. Write laboratory diagnosis of Filariasis. 2.5+2.5
13. List the free-living amoebae with their laboratory modes of transmission. How will you
diagnose infections caused by the free-living amoebae? 2.5+2.5
14. Mention different mode of transmission of malaria. Discuss the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
15. Mention the mode of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. 1.5+3.5
16. Name the Leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis in the New World and Write
laboratory diagnosis of Visceral leishmaniasis. 2.5+2.5

K-73
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. List the protozoa that cause diarrhea. Describe pathogenesis of amebic liver abscess. State
the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis.

D`qvw`ª 79 99
2. Classify Leishmania. State the mechanism of anemia in kala-azar. Briefly discuss the
laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar.
3. Describe the different components and contents of hydatid cyst with diagram. Compare
between Taenia saginata & Taenia solium. Explain why T. solium is more dangerous than T.
saginata in human infection.
4. Mention 4 differences between sporozoite induced malaria & trophozoite induced malaria.
Briefly describe the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
5. Define autoinfection, larva migrans, ectopic ascariasis, hygiene hypothesis. Name the clinical
conditions caused by Ascaris lumbricoides.
6. State the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis.
7. Name the morphological forms of Toxoplasma gondii with modes of transmission. Write the
laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.
8. Describe the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Mention the complications of
mumps virus infection.
9. State the complications of rubella during pregnancy. Mention the measures needed after bite
by a rabid animal.
10. Mention the mode of transmission and lab diagnosis of HIV infection. Write a note on
immune reconstitution inflammatory response (IRIS).
11. Draw & label the basic structure of a virus. Mention the steps of replication of a DNA virus
with a diagram.
12. Name 2 conditions where motility of Ascaris lumbricoides is increased. Write notes on
Provocative test and Hyper-infection syndrome.
13. State the characteristics of Herpes virus and classify it. What is antigenic shift & drift? What
are the merits of killed & live polio vaccine?
14. Mention the sero-markers of HBV infection with their clinical importance. Enumerate the
complications of HCV & HEV infection. Mention 4 DNA oncogenic viruses with the diseases they
produce.
15. Classify fungus morphologically with example. How will you diagnose a case of tinea capitis?
16. Mention the ideal procedure of blood collection for blood culture. Mention the causes of
aseptic pyuria. How will you collect urine in a catheterized patient?

K-72
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Mention the differences between cestode, trematode and nematode. Discuss the pathogenic
effects caused by Ascaris lumbricoides.
2. Define auto-infection and retrograde infection with examples. Discuss the mode of
transmission and laboratory diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis infection.

D`qvw`ª 79 100
3. Discuss the mechanism of anemia in malaria and visceral leishmaniasis. Write a note on larva
migrans.
4. State the pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis.
5. Give the morphological features of hydatid cyst with diagram. Discuss the laboratory
diagnosis & management of hydatid disease.
6. Mention the causes of sexually transmitted diseases. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of a
case of vaginal discharge.
7. Name 4 protozoa causing diarrheal disease in human. Describe the pathogenesis of intestinal
amoebiasis. Mention the differences between Entamoeba histolytica & E. coli.
8. Name blood & liver flukes. Compare between Taenia saginata & Taenia solium. Explain why
Taenia solium infections more dangerous than T. saginata in human.
9. Write morphological classification of fungus with examples. Describe the predisposing factors
and lab diagnosis of Ptyriasis versicolor.
10. Name 5 opportunistic fungus with the diseases they produce. Describe the predisposing
factors and lab diagnosis of oral candidiasis.
11. Name the neurotropic viruses. Mention the merits & demerits of live & killed polio vaccines.
Name the viruses that cause congenital anomalies.
12. Write down the characteristics of herpes viruses. Mention the differences between HSV-1
& HSV-2. State the complications of Mumps in male patient & why?
13. Draw & label the basic structure of a virus. State the steps of replication of an RNA virus
with diagram.
14. Name the serological markers of HIV infection. Discuss the immune pathogenesis of HIV
infection. State the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
15. Name the viruses responsible for watery diarrhea. Describe the pathogenesis & lab
Diagnosis of Rotavirus infection.
16. A patient reported with fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy & splenomegaly.
Hematological investigation revealed absolute lymphocytosis with 30% abnormal
lymphocytes.
i) What is your probable diagnosis?
ii) Mention causative agent.
iii) How will you confirm your diagnosis?
iv) Name other diseases produced by this virus.
17. A patient of lymphoma has complained of severe headache. Clinical features are consistent
with meningitis.
i) Mention the fungal cause.
ii) Name 3 tests to confirm it.
iii) Write its mode of transmission.

D`qvw`ª 79 101
 K-71
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Classify protozoa according to organ of locomotion. State the major differences between
Cestodes & Nematodes. 2+3
2. Describe the pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. 3+2
3. Define periodicity of microfilaria with example. Describe the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis
of elephantiasis. 1+4
4. Describe mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii & Enterobius vermicularis. Describe a
hydatid cyst with diagram. How Hydatid disease can be diagnosed in the lab? 2+2+1
5. Define relapse & recrudescence of malaria. Briefly describe the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
6. What do you mean by provocative test for filariasis, hyper infection-syndrome, auto-infection
& hygiene hypothesis? 5
7. Write the mechanism of anemia in hookworm infection. Discuss laboratory diagnosis of
visceral leishmaniasis. 2+3
8. Differentiate between orthomyxo & paramyxo virus. Define antigenic shift & drift. 3+2
9. Describe the pathogenesis of Dengue shock syndrome. Name 2 important serological tests
for diagnosis dengue fever. 4+1
10. Why HIV is called retrovirus. Enumerate the route of transmission & lab diagnosis of HIV
infection. 1+4
11. Define window period of HBV and HIV infection with clinical significance. Name the serologic
markers of HBV infection with their clinical importance. 2+3
12. State the complications of Rubella infection during pregnancy. Mention the measures
needed after bite by a rabid animal. 2+3
13. Briefly discuss ectopic ascariasis and tropical and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
14. Name 4 opportunistic fungi with the disease they produce. Describe laboratory diagnosis of
dermatophytosis. 2+3
15. Classify anti-fungal drugs according to mechanism of action. Write down laboratory
diagnosis streptococcal meningitis. 3+2
16. Mention the ideal procedure for collection of urine & blood for microbiological examination.
Mention the causes of culture negative UTI. 3+2

D`qvw`ª 79 102
 K-70
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
Group-A
1. Classify host with example. Name parasites that use human as intermediate host. What is
hyper infection syndrome?
2. Name the blood flukes. Briefly discuss mode of transmission and lab diagnosis of Fasiolopsis
buski infection.
3. Name parasites that cause autoinfection. Discuss the mechanism of anemia produced in
malaria and Diphyllobothriasis.
4. Write laboratory diagnosis and management of enterobiasis.
5. Write the modes of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to human. Write the lab diagnosis of
toxoplasmosis in pregnant lady.
6. Short note : a. Larva migrans b. Provocation test
Group-B
7. Mention the structural component of a virus. Name the atypical virus. Enumerate the stages
of replication of virus.
8. Write the characteristics of Herpes virus family. Mention the complication of Measles and
Mumps virus.
9. Briefly discuss the immunopathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Write the laboratory
diagnosis of rota virus infection.
10. Briefly discuss the pathogenesis of polio virus. State the difference between street and Fixed
Rabies virus.
11. Write down the mode of transmission of HIV. Give the laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection.
12. Define window period of HBV infection. Write down the seromarkers of HBV infection with
interpretation.

K-69
Full marks: 80 Time: 2:40 hours
Answer all the questions
1. Classify parasite. Write down the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis.
2. Mention the differences between Cestodes and Trematodes. State the mechanism of anemia
and laboratory diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium Latum.
3. Define different types of hosts with examples. Describe erythrocytic schizogony.
4. Mention the different forms of L donovani. How will you diagnose a case of kala-azar?
5. Explain the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of cerebral malaria.
6. Name the intestinal nematodes. How will you diagnose a case of enterobiasis?
7. What do you know about periodicity of microfilaria? Mention the pathogenesis of
D`qvw`ª 79 103
 elephantiasis and laboratory diagnosis of filariasis.
8. Enumerate the infective forms of Toxoplasma gondii and how they are transmitted into
human. Write the lab diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in a pregnant lady.
9. Name the species of Echinococcus with the disease they produce. Write a note on hydatid cyst.
10. Write the lab diagnosis of giardiasis. Briefly discuss cysticercosis.
11. Name the atypical virus. Write the steps of replication of a virus. Mention the process by
which the virus is released from infected cell.
12. Name the viruses that enter through blood transfusion. Enumerate the characteristics of
Herpes virus family. Mention the complications of measles and mumps.
13. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Rota virus.
14. Write down the pathogenesis of paralytic poliomyelitis. What measures will you take after
rabid dog bite?
15. Why HIV is called retrovirus? Mention the opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and lab
diagnosis of infection.
16. Define window period of HIV and HBV infection with clinical importance. Write down the
different sero-markers of HBV infection with interpretation.

D`qvw`ª 79 104
 COMMUNITY MEDICINE 1st Term
CONCEPT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COMMED, HEALTH & DISEASE
1. Define Community Medicine. [K-77, 76, 75, 71, 70, 69] [C-1]
2. State the differences between Community Medicine and Clinical Medicine. [K-78, 77, 72, 69] [C-6]
3. Mention the criteria of ideal health care. [K-77, 76, 75, 72, 71] [C-298]
4. Briefly discuss the changing concepts of health. [K-78, 77, 76, 75, 74] [C-18]
5. What do you mean by PQLI? [K-76, 75] [C-25]
6. What are the components of comprehensive health care? [K-75] [C-3]
7. Write down the criteria of a mentally healthy person. [K-74, 68] [C-22]
8. What do you mean by mentally healthy people? [K-78] [C-22]
9. Briefly discuss the different stages of disease cycle. [K-75]
10. Enlist the indicators of health. [K-75, 74, 71, 68] [C-29]
11. Define Community with its features. [K-78] [C-4]
12. Treatment is a part of prevention- justify. [K-76, 74]
13. Briefly discuss different stages of a disease cycle with diagram. [K-78, 73, 68] [C-52]
14. Write down the uses/importance of health indicators. [K-77, 76, 73, 71] [C-29]
15. What are the characteristics of comprehensive health care? [K-78, 76] [C-3]
16. Enlist the characteristics of health care. [K-74, 73] [C-298]
17. Differentiate between medical care and health care. [K-73] [C-298]
18. State the responsibilities of health. [K-76] [C-33]
19. Mention the criteria of an ideal health indicator. Which one is most sensitive indicator and
why? [K-77] [C-29]
20. Discuss health promotional phase of public health. [K-77] [C-9]
21. State determinants of health with example. [K-76, 74]
22. Explain social engineering phase of public health. [K-76] [C-9]
23. State the modern theories of disease causation. [K-76, 72, 68] [C-43]
24. Explain Iceberg phenomenon of disease with its importance. [K-77, 75, 68] [C-53]
25. How can a person maintain his positive health? [K-78] [C-23]
26. “Health is multidimensional” – justify. [K-77, 71, 70] [C-19]
27. Discuss about epidemiological triad. [K-75] [C-46]
28. What does the natural history of disease imply? [K-72] [C-45]
29. Define comprehensive health care. [K-72, 71] [C-3, 300]
30. Discuss modes of intervention of disease. [K-72, 70] [C-60]
31. Write down about health promotion phase of public health. [K-70] [C-9]
32. Write down the indicators related to socio-economic status and health care delivery for
each. [K-70]

D`qvw`ª 79 105
33. Name the modern factors of disease causation. [K-70]
34. Discuss “health for all” phase of public health. [K-69] [C-34]
35. Discuss ecological concept of health. [K-69]
36. Name the utilization rate indicators. [K-69]
37. Discuss the Disease control phase of Public Health. [K-68]
38. Explain biomedical concept regarding health. [K-68]
39. What are the different stages of public health? [K-72]
40. Explain Accessibility as a characteristic of health care. [K-69]
41. Discuss Environment as an important Determinant of health. [K-68]

HFA, PHC, MDG, HNPSDP

1. Briefly explain PHC with its elements. [K-78, 74] [C-303]
2. Why Primary Health Care is an essential healthcare? [K-76, 73] [C-304]
3. Define PHC. Mention the principles of PHC. [K-76, 75, 72, 70] [C-303]
4. Give an example of appropriate technology. [K-78] [C-309]
5. Write in short about SDG. [K-77] [C-37]
6. Briefly discuss Alma Ata conference. [K-73]
7. Discuss the role of community clinic in MDG achievement in context of Bangladesh. [K-72]
8. What are the components of PHC in Bangladesh? [K-71]
9. Write down achievement gained by Bangladesh in health related MDGs till now. [K-70]

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
1. Write down the activities/ functions of UNICEF in Bangladesh. [K-78, 75, 74, 73, 71] [C-349]
2. Enumerate the WHO regional organization with their headquarters. [K-76, 75, 74, 73] [C-346]
3. Enumerate the function of WHO in Bangladesh. [K-74, 72, 71] [C-345]
4. When are the activities of Red Crescent Society in Bangladesh? [K-74, 70] [C-352]
5. Enlist the health-related NGOs acting in Bangladesh. [K-77] [C-354]
6. List 5 National and 5 International NGOs working in Bangladesh. [K-78] [C-354]
7. What are the common child health problems in Bangladesh? How UNICEF is playing role to
ensure child health? [K-77] [C-350]
8. Enlist the international health agencies working in Bangladesh. [K-73]
9. Mention the role of UNICEF in promoting maternal and child health. [K-72] [C-349]
10. Mention the role of UNESCO in promoting maternal and child health. [K-71]
11. Why international health is important for protection of health and prevention of diseases?
[K-70]

D`qvw`ª 79 106
 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
1. What is learning? What are the types of learning? [K-78, 72, 70, 68] [C-80]
2. Mention the factors/conditions influencing/affecting learning. [K-78, 77, 76, 75, 72, 70, 68]
[C-81]
3. What is the role of family on health? [K-77, 75] [C-91]
4. Define motivation. Classify motive with example. [K-78] [C-74]
5. Enumerate the functions of family. [K-78, 70] [C-90]
6. What is BCC? [K-78] [C-98]
7. Classify people according to IQ range. [K-77] [C-87]
8. How doctor patient relationship may be hampered? [K-77] [C-97]
9. Classify family. [K-76] [C-89]
10. Write down the theories of learning. [K-76] [C-82]
11. What are the principles involved in habit formation? [K-76] [C-80]
12. Define and classify behavior. [K-74] [C-70, 71]
13. What is IQ? Calculate IQ of a boy of 20 years with mental age 12 and interpret. [K-75] [C-87]
14. Mention different types of behavior with related health & disease problems. [K-73]
15. Mention the criteria of good/ ideal leader. Enlist functions of democratic leader. [K-78, 77,
75, 71, 70] [C-92]
16. State the domains of learning. [K-71] [C-81]
17. Mention Benjamin Bloom’s 3 domains of learning. [K-69] [C-81]
18. Calculate and interpret IQ of a 10 years boy with mental age of 2. [K-68]
19. What are the components of behavioral science? [K-72, 70] [C-69]
20. Define and classify behavior. [K-72] [C-70]
21. Mention the criteria of a good/ democratic/ideal leader. [K-72] [C-92]
22. Mental age of 20 years’ boy is 2. Calculate his IQ and interpret. [K-71]
23. State the role of BCC in public health. [K-69]
24. Describe the illness behavior of a person when he is exposed to a disease. [K-69]
25. Mention the role of emotion on health and disease. [K-68]
26. Name some personality traits. [K-70] [C-84]
27. How can you motivate a community for healthful living? [K-68]
28. Discuss impact of family on mother and child health. [K-70]

HEALTH COMMUNICATION
1. Define Communication. [K-78] [C-148]
2. What are the barriers of communication? [K-76, 75, 72] [C-153]
3. With diagram state the elements/components of communication process. [K-77, 76, 75, 74,
72, 71, 70] [C-151]
4. Draw the model of communication process. [K-76, 75] [C-151]
D`qvw`ª 79 107
5. State the components of communication with flow chart. [K-78, 68] [C-151]
6. How a physician can improve communication skill with patients? [K-78] [C-154]
7. Mention the criteria of a good message. [K-74, 73] [C-152]
8. Define medical ethics. What are the specific health issues to be dealt with medical ethics? [K-
71]
9. What are the barriers between health educator and community? [K-70]

HEALTH EDUCATION
1. State the stages of adoption of new ideas or practices. [K-78, 77, 76, 75, 73, 68] [C-159]
2. State the principles of health education. [K-77, 76, 72, 71] [C-160]
3. State the process of adoption in changing behavior. [K-74] [C-159]
4. What are the methods used in health education/ health communication? [K-72, 71] [C-163]
5. Discuss comprehensiveness as a principle of Health education. [K-69]
6. State the role of folk media in Health Communication. [K-69]

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
1. Classify arthropods of medical importance. [K-77, 76, 75] [C-362]
2. Enlist arthropods of medical importance with related diseases. [K-74] [C-364]
3. Discuss the modes of disease transmission by arthropods/ vector borne disease. [K-78, 77,
76, 74, 68] [C-365]
4. Write down the measures for arthropod control. [K-73] [C-366]
5. What do you mean by integrated vector control measurement? [K-76] [C-366]
6. Name the diseases transmitted by arthropods. [K-78, 72]
7. Write down methods for control of aedes mosquito. [K-76, 74] [C-370]
8. What is biological transmission of diseases. [K-76, 70] [C-365]
9. What do you mean by arthropod? [K-72] [C-362]
10. Mention common arthropod borne diseases prevalent in Bangladesh. [K-71] [C-365]
11. Name the three wingless insects and mention diseases produced by them. [K-68]
12. Give the outline of principles of arthropod control. [K-69, 68]
13. Enlist arthropod associated bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. [K-69]
14. Give the differences between sand fly and mosquito. [K-70, 69] [C-374]
15. Outline the control measures of adult mosquito. [K-70]
16. Distinguish the characteristics of insect and Arachnida. [K-70] [C-363]

EPIDEMIOLOGY : DEF, COMPONENTS, TOOLS, METHODS, SCREENING

1. Write down the components of epidemiology. [K-78, 77, 76, 75] [C-617]
2. Classify epidemiological method. [K-77, 76, 75, 74, 73] [C-628]

D`qvw`ª 79 108
3. How cohort study differs from case control study. [K-75, 71] [C-636]
4. Mention the aims of epidemiology. [K-73, 68] [C-618]
5. Write down the types & uses of prevalence rate. [K-78, 73] [C-622]
6. What are the tools of measurement used in epidemiology? [K-76, 75, 71] [C-620]
7. What is index case and primary case? [K-78] [C-651]
8. What are prevalence and incidence? Differences between them. [K-76, 70] [C-622, 624]
9. Mention the advantages of any one of epidemiological studies/ cohort study. [K-77, 74] [C-
635]
10. Discuss role of isolation as communicable disease control measure. [K-77] [C-660]
11. Write down uses of epidemiology. [K-77] [C-618]
12. Classify observational study. Mention advantages of any one of them. [K-76] [C-628, 629]
13. What are the different types of cases? [K-76] [C-651]
14. In a community in 2017, total population was 10,000. Among them 50 persons were
suffering from COPD previously and 10 new cases developed in 2017. Calculate the prevalence
rate of COPD. [K-74]
15. What is screening? Mention the criteria of a disease to be screened. [K-72] [C-662]
16. In a community, total population registered in 2014 was 10000. Among them, 3000 were
women of reproductive age. If 5 females were diagnosed with carcinoma of cervix, calculate
prevalence rate of Ca-cervix in that community. [K-72]
17. Epidemiology helps in completing natural history of disease- justify. [K-68]
18. To estimate the magnitude of recent dengue outbreak what study design you can apply?
Mention its advantages? [K-70]
19. In a flooded area there is outbreak of diarrhea- write the step of investigation in this case.
[K-70] [C-657]
20. Smoking causes lung cancer- which type of study you can choose to justify the statement
and why? State the disadvantages of this study. [K-69] Case control study [C-631]
21. A study intends to find out the etiological factors associated with Ca cervix. Draw the flow
chart. [K-68]
22. Plan the study design to formulate a hypothesis regarding cholera outbreak. [K-68] [C-657]

EPIDEMIOLOGY : EPIDEMIC, ENDEMIC, PANDEMIC, ZOONOSIS, INFECTION

TREATMENT, DYNAMICS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION, PREVENTION
1. Define epidemic, endemic and pandemic. [K-78] [C-643, 644, 645]
2. Define: Epidemic, endemic and eradication of disease. [K-76, 74] [C-647]
3. What do you mean by control, elimination and eradication of disease? [K-77, 76, 75, 71, 69,
68] [C-647]
4. Differentiate disease control, elimination and eradication. [K-78] [C-648]
5. Discuss about the levels of prevention. [K-77, 76, 75, 71] [C-57, 58]
D`qvw`ª 79 109
6. What are the elements in a carrier state? [K-77] [C-651]
7. Enumerate dynamics of disease transmission. [K-77, 76] [C-653]
8. Describe the different steps for prevention and control of an epidemic disease. [K-77] [C-655]
9. Differentiate between isolation and quarantine. [K-77, 76] [C-661]
10. Explain community diagnosis and community treatment. [K-76, 74] [C-62, 64]
11. Define community diagnosis and community treatment with example. [K-77, 76]
12. What is primary prevention? Explain modes of interventions at different levels of
prevention. [K-77] [C-58]
13. Differentiate between clinical, subclinical and latent case. [K-77] [C-651]
14. State importance of incubation period. [K-75, 68] [C-648]
15. Enlist different levels of prevention with their related interventions. [K-73] [C-58]
16. Discuss the modes of disease transmission. [K-73] [C-653]
17. Write down the importance of period of communicability. [K-73]
18. Classify host factors with examples. [K-73] [C-642]
19. Different types of epidemics can be differentiated with the help of figures- explain. [K-73]
[C-644]
20. State the indirect modes of disease transmission. [K-74]
21. Explain disease distribution. [K-68]
22. Define reservoir. Differentiate between source and reservoir? [K-70, 68] [C-650]
23. Mention common iatrogenic health problems. [K-68]
24. Discuss primordial prevention of diseases. [K-69]
25. State the principles of disease control. [K-68]

BIOSTATISTICS, DATA, VARIABLE, SAMPLE

1. Define and classify data with examples. [K-77, 76, 74] [C-107, 108]
2. What are the sources of data? Classify data according to source. [K-78, 75, 72, 71] [C-108]
3. Mention the methods of data collection. [K-78, 75, 73, 69] [C-109]
4. How Data can be presented? [K-78] [C-110]
5. Define sampling/ sampling technique & classify sampling methods/ technique. [K-78, 77, 76,
73] [C-118, 120]
6. What are the advantages of sampling? [K-75] [C-119]
7. Define & classify research instrument. [K-73] [C-109]
8. What is variable? [K-77] [C-106]
9. Define and classify variable with examples. [K-76, 70] [C-106]
10. Distinguish between statistic & parameter. [K-72]
11. Define parameter. [K-69]
12. How take a sample from a heterogeneous population? [K-68]

D`qvw`ª 79 110
 DATA PRESENTATION, CENTRAL TENDENCY & DISPERSION
1. Write down data presentation techniques. [K-77, 76, 75, 73] [C-110]
2. Write down the methods for presentation of quantitative data. [K-76, 75, 74] [C-110]
3. Causes of maternal death due to hemorrhage 20%, Anemia 30%, PET 30% and DIC 20%.
Construct appropriate diagram using above information. [K-78] Pie diagram
4. Write down application of normal distribution in biological science. [K-78] [C-134]
5. Age (years) of 8 workers is as follows: 52, 42, 65, 60, 45, and 38. Find out the mean age of
them. [K-77]
6. Mention measures of dispersion. [K-76] [C-131]
7. Calculate median from following observation of age in years: 5, 7, 2, 3, 10, 4 and 5. [K-76, 74,
68]
8. It was observed that in 2016, there were 200 students at Kalibari High School. Of them 110
were Muslim, 75 were Hindu and the rest were Christians. Present these findings with
appropriate title & labeling. [K-73]
9. Find the mean, median and mode of the following values: 3,7,5,7,4,5,1,2. [K-72, 70, 69]
10. State the different methods of presentation of statistical data. [K-71] [C-110]
11. Name the contents of a table. [K-68] [C-112]
12. If variance of a data is 16 calculate the SD. [K-69]
13. Mention the properties of a normal distribution curve. [K-69] [C-134]
14. What are the measures of central tendency? [K-69] [C-125]
15. What are the features of a statistical table? [K-69]

IMMUNITY, IMMUNIZATION, DISINFECTION & STERILIZATION

1. Define and classify immunity with example. [K-78, 76, 75, 74] [C-401]
2. How herd immunity can be achieved? [K-75] [C-405]
3. Differentiate between primary and secondary immune responses. [K-76, 74] [C-404]
4. Live vaccines are superior to inactivated/ Killed vaccines- justify. [K-78, 73] [C-410]
5. Active immunity is superior to passive immunity- justify. [K-77, 76, 72] [C-402]
6. An unvaccinated infant with age 2 months/ 50 days was brought to EPI outreach center.
Name the vaccines that can be administered to him on that day. [K-76, 74, 73]
7. Write down the vaccination schedule for MR vaccine. [K-76, 73] Check EPI Schedule [C-418]
8. Write down the vaccination schedule for PCV vaccine. [K-74]
9. Classify immunizing agent. [K-77, 76] [C-407]
10. Write down vaccination schedule for a 6 weeks aged boy. [K-77, 76]
11. What is cold chain? Mention its components & importance. [K-73, 72] [C-415]
12. Enlist the components of cold chain system. [K-75] [C-415]
13. Define herd immunity. Write down the update schedule of EPI in Bangladesh. [K-71] [C-405,
418]
D`qvw`ª 79 111
14. Mention the role of protein in body immunity. [K-68]
15. Differentiate disinfection from sterilization. [K-71] [C-390, 397]
16. How can you disinfect hospital bedding (linen and clothes)? [K-71]
17. Name the different type of disinfection with example. [K-70]
18. State the characteristics of an ideal disinfectant. [K-69]
19. Classify disinfection with example. How can you sterilize urine, soiled bed sheet? [K-69]
20. How terminal disinfection is benefited for prevention of disease transmission? [K-68]

FOOD, DIET, PEM, VITAMINS

1. Mention the role/functions of dietary fibers. [K-78, 76, 75, 73, 71] [C-550]
2. How malnutrition can be prevented? [K-78] [C-584]
3. How xerophthalmia can be prevented? [K-77] Vit A [C-575]
4. How nutrients are classified? [K-76] [C-540]
5. What do you mean by supplementary action of protein. [K-76, 74, 69] [C-552]
6. Enlist WHO staging of Xerophthalmia with their characteristics. [K-74] [C-573]
7. State WHO recommended dietary goals. [K-77] [C-544]
8. Write down the functions of vitamin A. [K-75] [C-556]
9. Explain preventive measures of PEM. [K-75] [C-572]
10. Discuss the causes and management of PEM. [K-76, 75] [C-570]
11. How can you manage a girl aged 3 years presenting with features of vitamin A deficiency?
[K-76]
12. Enlist the common nutritional deficiency diseases of Bangladesh. [K-73, 72]
13. Mention the different stages of vitamin A deficiency/ xeropthalmia. [K-76, 72]
14. Write down the methods for nutrition status assessment for a children under 5 years. [K-
74] [C-546]
15. What are ocular signs of Vit-A deficiency? [K-69] [C-557]
16. Discuss possible intervention to prevent nutritional anemia of a teen aged girl. [K-69] [C-
580]
17. What is food gap? How can you prevent protein deficiency in a vegetarian community? [K-
68]
18. What is PEM? Compare Kwashiorkor with Marasmus. [K-72] [C-570]
19. Discuss measure for prevention and control to PEM in our country. [K-71] [C-572]
20. State the WHO strategy for prevention of PEM. [K-70]
21. What is prudent diets? [K-71]
22. Mention common nutritional deficiency disorders among under 5 children. [K-71]
23. How nutritional states of a primary school student can be assessed? [K-69]
24. State contributory factors for nutritional blindness. [K-68]
25. State the non-calorie role of fat. [K-68]
D`qvw`ª 79 112
26. How can we prevent PEM of under 5 children? [K-68]
27. Illustrate the web of causation regarding malnutrition in Bangladesh. [K-68]

MINERALS, FOOD & MILK BORNE DISEASES

FOOD FORTIFICATION, ADULTERATION & SAFETY
1. Enlist the functions of zinc in body. [K-78, 77, 76, 75] [C-565]
2. Name some food borne diseases? How can you prevent them? [K-75] [C-586]
3. Mention disabling effect of Iodine deficiency. [K-68] [C-565]
4. Classify milk borne disease. [K-70] [C-587]
5. What are the iodine deficiency disorders? [K-70] [C-565]
6. How can you ensure safe milk supply in a community with in short period? [K-68]
7. Explain different methods of pasteurization. [K-70] [C-587]
8. “Malnutrition predisposes to infection & infection to malnutrition”- justify. [K-69]
9. Name six trace elements. [K-69] [C-562]

D`qvw`ª 79 113
 1ST TERM QUESTIONS
K-79
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2.30 hours
[Answer 3 questions from each group numbered 1 to 4.
Question number 5 is mandatory for all groups.]
Group A
1. Enlist the six (6) indicators of health. Briefly discuss the natural history of the disease. 1.5+2
2. What are the principles of health education? How is an individual adopted to a new idea
through the stages of health education? 1.5+2
3. What interventions are taken at the primary level of disease prevention? Enumerate the
factors affecting learning. 1.5+2
4. Mention the tools of measurement in epidemiology. What are the steps of outbreak
investigation in epidemiology? 1.5+2
5. Briefly discuss the dynamics of disease transmission of communicable diseases. 7
Group B
1. Define variables. Discuss different types of variables with examples. 1+2.5
2. How data can be presented in a study. State the characteristics of a normal distribution curve.
3. Mention the criteria of an ideal screening test. Differentiate between a cohort study and a
case-control study. 1+2.5
4. What do you mean by an integrated approach? Write down the mode of transmission of
vector-borne disease with an example. 1+2.5
5. What are the measures of dispersion? The mid-upper arm circumference (in cm) of 18 people
is given: 18, 17, 14, 20, 12, 18, 16, 17, 21, 24, 22, 20, 18, 19, 20, 18, 17, and 20. Calculate the
mean, median, and mode from the above data. 1+6
Group C
1. What do you mean by "dietary goals" recommended by the WHO expert committees? What
do you mean by the supplementary action of protein? 2.5+1
2. Differentiate between active and passive immunity. What are the elements of herd
immunity? 2+1.5
3. Write down the activities of UNICEF in Bangladesh. Mention the regional headquarters of
WHO. 2+1.5
4. Draw and label different stages of the disease cycle. What do you mean by disease control
and disease eradication with an example? 1.5+2
5. Name the vaccines along with the dose schedule giver to a child of 6 weeks coming to the
vaccination center for the first time. What are the Adverse Events Following Immunization may
arise from the vaccines? 4+3

D`qvw`ª 79 114
 Group D
1. What are the epidemiological study methods? Mention two characteristics of a randomized
controlled trial (RCT). 2.5+1
2. State health-related SDGs. What do you mean by community diagnosis and community
treatment? 1+2.5
3. What is research? Mention the importance of research in biomedical science. 1+2.5
4. Discuss the natural habits of the Aedes mosquito. How can we control the Aedes mosquitoes
in our community? 1.5+2
5. List the components of Primary Health Care (PHC). Mention the functions of Health Assistant
in PHC in Bangladesh. 4+3

Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q1-10

Marks -20 Time: 30 minutes
1. Larvicides that act as stomach poisons include:
a. Carbon disulphate F
b. Lindane F
c. Mineral oil F
d. Paris green T
e. Sodium fluoride T

2. Which is/ are true for Live vaccines:

a. Should not be given to people with an immune deficiency T
b. Usually produces a durable immunity T
c. Can be administered at the same site when two are required F
d. Can be given 12 weeks after an injection of IG F
e. Should not be administered during pregnancy T

3. Which of the following are the Key tools of Preventive Medicine?

a. Chemotherapy F
b. Emergency treatment F
c. Health education T
d. Vaccination T
e. Quarantine and isolation T

4. The criteria for an ideal health care indicator are:

a. Affordable T
b. Economic F
c. Comprehensive T

D`qvw`ª 79 115
d. Specific F
e. Relevant T

5. The quality of a good questionnaire is/are:

a. Could be of any length F
b. Should be relevant to the study sample size F
c. Should be specific and logical T
d. Easy questions should be asked last F
e. Doubled-barreled questions should be discouraged T

6. Vital events include:

a. Census F
b. Divorce T
c. Graduation F
d. Marriage T
e. Migration T

7. The personality traits of an individual should include:

a. Comprehensiveness F
b. Honesty T
c. Perseverance F
d. Reliability T
e. Tactfulness T

8. Drawbacks of didactic methods is/are:

a. Influence behavior F
b. Knowledge is imposed T
c. The audience may put their ideas F
d. Lack of feedback T
e. Learning is active F

9. Health care providers of a community clinic are:

a. CHCP T
b. Health Assistant T
c. FWA T
d. FWV F
e. Sanitary Inspector F

D`qvw`ª 79 116
10. A cohort study is suitable for:
a. Rare disease F
b. Measuring risk factors T
c. Incidence rate T
d. Prevalence rate F
e. Relative risk T
Single Best Answer (SBA): Q1-Q10
1. The most important feature of RCT is:
a. Blinding
b. Random allocation 
c. Placebo control
d. Random sampling

2. The most important essential fatty acid for our body is:
a. Arachidonic acid
b. Linolenic acid
c. Linoleic acid 
d. Olic acid

3. To find out the association between smoking and lung cancer, which is the most common
study method?
a. Case-control study
b. Cohort study 
c. Cross-sectional study
d. Randomized control trial

4. Rat flea cannot transmit diseases by:

a. Bite of a blocked flea
b. Faeces
c. Mechanical transmission 
d. Vomit drop

5. Immunity that is present from birth is:

a. Active immunity
b. Acquired immunity
c. innate immunity 
d. Passive immunity

D`qvw`ª 79 117
6. Which of the government institutions is involved in investigating a disease outbreak in
Bangladesh?
a. IPH
b. IEDCR 
c. IPHN
d. NIPSOM

7. Which of the following best describes the mental dimension of health?

a. Ability to perform daily physical activities without fatigue
b. Ability to form and maintain interpersonal relationships
c. Ability to think, reason, and make decisions 
d. Economic independence and job satisfaction

8. Which one of the following statements about the criteria for good health indicators is true?
a. Should be comprehensive
b. Must always require an advanced laboratory test
c. Should be easily measurable, reliable and valid 
d. They are considered good only if they vary significantly between populations

9. Which is the most accurate form of data presentation?

a. Diagram
b. Tabulation 
c. Graphical
d. Picture

10. People react to symptoms through which type of behavior?

a. Health behavior
b. Treatment behavior
c. Sickness behavior
d. Illness behavior 

K-79 (Supple)
Full Marks: 50 Time: 1.30 hours
Answer any 5 questions
1. Enlist the indicators of health. Briefly discuss the natural history of the disease. What
interventions are taken at the primary level of disease prevention? 4+4+2
2. Mention the tools of measurement in epidemiology. Briefly discuss the dynamics of disease
transmission of communicable diseases. 3+7
D`qvw`ª 79 118
3. Define variables. Discuss different types of variables with examples. How data can be
presented in a study. State the characteristics of a normal distribution curve. 1+3+4+2
4. Mention the criteria of an ideal screening test. Differentiate between a cohort study and a
case-control study. Classify the study methods of epidemiology. 2+4+4
5. What do you mean by an integrated approach? Write down the mode of transmission of
vector-borne disease with an example. How mosquitoes can be controlled in a community.
6. What are the measures of dispersion? What do you mean by central tendency? The mid-
upper arm circumference (in cm) of 18 people is given: 18, 17, 14, 20, 12, 18, 16, 17, 21, 24,
22, 20, 18, 19, 20, 18, 17, and 20. Calculate the mean, median, and mode from the above data.
7. What do you mean by "dietary goals" recommended by the WHO expert committees?
Differentiate between active and passive immunity. What are the elements of herd immunity?

Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q1-5

Marks -10 Time: 15 minutes
1. Larvicides that act as stomach poisons include:
a. Carbon disulphate F
b. Lindane F
c. Mineral oil F
d. Paris green T
e. Sodium fluoride T

2. The criteria for an ideal health care indicator are:

a. Affordable T
b. Economic F
c. Comprehensive T
d. Specific F
e. Relevant T

3. A cohort study is suitable for:

a. Rare disease F
b. Measuring risk factors T
c. Incidence rate T
d. Prevalence rate F
e. Relative risk T

4. Vital events include:

a. Census F
b. Divorce T

D`qvw`ª 79 119
c. Graduation F
d. Marriage T
e. Migration T

5. Health care providers of a community clinic are:

a. CHCP T
b. Health Assistant T
c. FWA T
d. FWV F
e. Sanitary Inspector F

Single Best Answer (SBA): Q1-Q5

1. The most important feature of RCT is:
a. Blinding
b. Random allocation 
c. Placebo control
d. Random sampling

2. To find out the association between smoking and lung cancer, which is the most effective
study method?
a. Case-control study
b. Cohort study 
c. Cross-sectional study
d. Randomized control trial

3. Immunity that is present from birth is:

a. Active immunity
b. Acquired immunity
c. Innate immunity 
d. Passive immunity

4. Which of the government institutions is solely assigned to investigate a disease outbreak in

Bangladesh?
a. IPH
b. IEDCR 
c. IPHN
d. NIPSOM

D`qvw`ª 79 120
5. Which one of the following statements about the criteria for good health indicators is true?
a. Should be comprehensive
b. Must always require an advanced laboratory test
c. Should be easily measurable, reliable, and valid 
d. They are considered good only if they vary significantly between populations

K-78
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40 mins
(Group A, B, C: Answer any three questions from each group)
(Group-D: Answer three questions including Question No-13)
Group A
1. State the changing concept of Public Health. Define Community with its features. Mention
the differences between Community Medicine and Clinical Medicine. 2+2+2
2. Write down the characteristics of Comprehensive Health Care. What do you mean by
mentally healthy people? How can a person maintain his positive health? 2+2+2
3. What are the stages of disease cycle? Differentiate disease control, elimination and
eradication. Enumerate the functions of family. 2+2+2
4. Briefly discuss factors influencing learning. What are the types of learning? Classify motive
with example. 2+2+2
Group B
5. Define Communication. State the components of communication with flow chart. What is
index case and primary case? 2+3+1
6. Write down the stages of adoption of new ideas or practices. Define epidemic, endemic and
pandemic. Classify Sampling technique. 2+2+2
7. What are the sources of data? What are the methods of data collections? How data can be presented?
8. Causes of maternal death due to hemorrhage 20%, Anemia 30%, PET 30% and DIC 20%.
Construct appropriate diagram using above information. Write down application of normal
distribution in biological science.
Group C
9. What are the diseases transmitted by arthropods. Discuss the mode of transmission of
vector borne diseases. Write down the control measure of scabies. 2+2+2
10. Define refuse with the sources of it. Mention the methods of refuse disposal. What is
sanitation barrier? 2+2+2
11. What are the functions of dietary fiber? How malnutrition can be prevented? What are the
functions of Zinc in body? 2+2+2
12. What are the importances of good lighting? What are the health hazards of noise? How
sound pollution can be prevented in Dhaka City? 2+2+2
Group D
13. What is BCC? How a physician can improve communication skill with patients? 6
D`qvw`ª 79 121
14. Enumerate water related public health problems in Bangladesh. What are the criteria of
healthful housing as per WHO recommendation? 3+2
15. Define and classify the immunity with example. Why live vaccines are superior to killed vaccine.
16. Briefly discuss components of epidemiology. What are the uses of prevalence rate? 3+2

K-77
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40 mins
(Group A, B, C: Answer any three questions from each group)
(Group-D: Answer three questions including question No-1)
Group A
1. What are the differences between community medicine and clinical medicine? State the
changing concept of health. Health is multidimensional – justify the statement.
2. Mention the criteria of an ideal health indicator. Which one is most sensitive indicator and
why? What are the uses of indicators of health?

3. Explain importance of iceberg phenomenon of disease. What is disease elimination and

eradication? Discuss role of isolation as communicable disease control measure.
4. Discuss health promotional phase of public health. What is primary prevention? Explain
modes of interventions at different levels of prevention.
Group B
1. Write down uses of epidemiology. Classify epidemiological methods. Mention advantages of
any one of them.
2. What are the elements in a carrier state? Write down the difference between subclinical and
latent cases. Enumerate dynamics of disease transmission.
3. Classify data with example. What are the different sampling methods? Age (years) of 8
workers is as follows: 52, 42, 65, 60, 45, and 38. Find out the mean age of them.
4. Active immunity is superior to passive immunity – justify. Classify immunizing agent. Write
down vaccination schedule for a 6 weeks aged boy.
Group C
1. Classify arthropods of medical importance. How arthropod borne disease are transmitted?
Discuss control measures of scabies.
2. Write down criteria of safe and wholesome water. Differentiate between polluted and
contaminated water. Suggest the safe sources of water for people in an arsenic affected area.
3. Discuss about sanitation barrier. Mention the hospital waste disposal methods. Write down
the health hazards due to improper disposal of human excreta.
4. Mention the air pollutants with sources of emission. What are the after effects of global
warming? Who are exposed to radiation in a hospital and how can we protect them?
Group D
1. Describe the different steps for prevention and control of an epidemic disease.
D`qvw`ª 79 122
2. What are the dietary goals recommended by WHO? How xerophthalmia can be prevented?
3. Classify people according to IQ range. How doctor patient relationship may be hampered?
4. State elements of communication process. What are the principles of health education?

K-77 (Re-assessment)
Full marks: 50 Time: 1 hr 30 minutes
1. a) Define community medicine. Explain the changing concepts of health. 2+3
b) What are the uses of indicators of health? What do you mean by disease control and
elimination? 2+3
2. a) Mention the criteria of ideal health care. What do you mean by community diagnosis and
community treatment? 2+3
b) Differentiate between isolation and quarantine. Discuss Iceberg phenomenon of disease.
3. a) Discuss about the levels of prevention. Write down the function of zinc. 3+2
b) What is variable? Write down data presentation techniques. 2+3
4. a) State different components of epidemiology. Classify epidemiological methods. 2+3
b) Classify sampling techniques. How data can be presented? 3+2
5. a) What do you mean by water pollution and contamination? Discuss about prevention of air pollution.
b) Mention the health hazards due to improper waste disposal. What are the health impacts of
climate change? 2+3
6. a) State the stages of adoption of new ideas and practices. Name the factors influencing learning.
b) What is the role of family on health? Enumerate the elements of communication process.

K-76
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40 mins
(Group A, B, C: Answer any three questions from each group)
(Group-D: Answer three questions including question No-1)
Group-A
1. Define Community Medicine. State the changing concept of Health. What are the
characteristics of comprehensive health care? 1+3+2
2. State determinants of health with example. What are the uses of indicators of health?
Mention the criteria of an ideal health care. 2+2+2

3. Write down the modern theories of disease causation. What do you mean by disease control
and eradication? Differentiate between isolation and quarantine? 2+2+2
4. What do you mean by community diagnosis and community treatment? State the
responsibilities of health. Discuss about levels of prevention. 2+2+2
Group-B
1. State different components of epidemiology. Classify observational study. Mention
advantages of any one of them. 2+2+2
D`qvw`ª 79 123
2. Distinguish between incidence & prevalence? What are the different types of cases? What
do you mean by dynamics of disease transmission? 2+2+2
3. Classify data with example. How data can be presented? Classily different sampling
techniques. 2+2+2
4. Classify immunizing agents. Why active immunity is superior to passive immunity? Write
down vaccination schedule for a 6 weeks aged boy in context of Bangladesh. 2+2+2
Group-C
1. What are the arthropods of medical importance? What is biological transmission? What do
you mean by integrated vector control approach? 2+2+2
2. How water can be purified on small scale? What are the safest sources of water in an arsenic
affected area? Differentiate between polluted and contaminated water. 2+2+2
3. Discuss about sanitation barrier. Classify solid waste disposal method. Mention health
hazards due to improper waste disposal. 2+2+2
4. State the sources of air pollution. What are the health impacts of climate change? How can
we prevent radiation exposure? 2+2+2
Group-D
1. Describe the different steps for prevention and control of Covid-19. 6
2. How nutrients are classified? Mention the different stages of vitamin A deficiency? How can
you manage a girl aged 3 years presenting with features of vitamin A deficiency? 1+2+2
3. Classify family. State the stages of adoption process. Write down the factors that influences
learning process. 1+2+2
4. What are the principles of health education? Enumerate elements of communication process.

K-76 (Re-assessment)
Full marks-70 Time: 2.40 hours
(Answer any three questions from each group of A, B, C.)
(Question no. 13 of Group D is compulsory; answer another two from the rest.)
Group A
1. Briefly discuss the changing concepts of health. What do you mean by PQLI?
2. Mention the role of dietary fibers. Enlist the functions of Zinc.
3. Write down the criteria of safe and wholesome water. Explain sanitation barrier with diagram.
4. Draw the model of communication process, What are the barriers of communication?
Group-B
5. Define and classify immunity with example. Differentiate between primary and secondary
immune responses
6. Write down the tools of measurement of epidemiology. Classify epidemiological methods.
7. What do you mean by supplementary action of protein? Enlist WHO staging of Xeropthalmia.
8. An unvaccinated infant with age 2 months has brought to EPI outreach centre. Name the vaccines
that can be administered to him on that day. Write down the vaccination schedule for MR vaccine.
D`qvw`ª 79 124
 Group-C
9. Define and classify variable with examples. Write down the methods for presentation of
quantitative data
10. Explain community diagnosis and community treatment. Define: Epidemic, endemic and
eradication of disease.
11. Mention health hazards due to improper disposal of excreta, Mention effects of air pollution.
12. Explain social engineering phase of public health. Treatment is a part of prevention-justify.
Group-D
13. Discuss the causes and management of PEM.
14. Write down the theories of learning. What are the principles of habit formation?
15. Enlist the measures of dispersion, Calculate median from following observation of age in
years: 16 and 5 3.16,4 and 5
16. Mention the control measures of Aedes mosquito. Discuss the modes of disease
transmission by arthropods.

K-75
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40 mins
(Group A, B, C: Answer any three Questions from each group)
[Group-D: Answer three Questions including Question No-13]
Group - A
1. Briefly discuss the changing concepts of health. What do you mean by PQLI? 4+2
2. Define Community Medicine. What are the components of comprehensive health care?
Mention the criteria of ideal health care.
3. What are the levels of prevention? Discuss one of them.
4. Briefly discuss the different stages of disease cycle. Write down the importance of incubation
period.
Group - B
5. What are the sources of data? How can you present qualitative data? What are the
advantages of sampling?
6. Write down the components of epidemiology. How cohort study differ from case control study?
7. Mention the role of dietary fibers. Enlist the functions of zinc.
8. What measures you can adopt to prevent faecal-borne diseases? Mention a trap.
Group - C
9. Classify arthropods of medical importance. Enlist the components of cold chain system.
10. What are the sources of water pollution in Dhaka city. Mention the biological effects of radiation.
11. Mention the diseases transmitted by contaminated water. How water can be purified in a
flood affected area for drinking purpose?
12. What is IQ? Calculate IQ of a boy of 20 years with mental age 12 and interpret.

D`qvw`ª 79 125
 Group - D
13. Discuss the causes and management of PEM.
14. Draw the model of communication process. What are the barriers of communication
15. Define and classify immunity. How herd immunity can be achieved?
16. Mention the hazards to improper disposal of solid waste. Name some food borne diseases?
How can you prevent them?

K-75 (Re-assessment)
Full Marks-50 time: 1hour 20 min
1. a) Explain changing concepts of health. Name the indicators of health. 2+3
b) Discuss about epidemiological triad. What do you mean by disease control? 2+3
2. a) Mention the criteria of ideal health care. Discuss iceberg phenomenon of disease. 2+3
b) Write down the functions of vitamin A. Explain preventive measures of PEM. 2+3
3. a) Name the methods of data collection. Write down data presentation techniques.
b) State the tools of measurements in epidemiology. Classify epidemiological method. 2+3
4. a) Write down the criteria of safe and wholesome water. What do you mean by water
pollution and contamination? 2+3
b) Write down the effects of noise on health. Discuss about prevention of air pollution. 2+3
5. a) State the stages of adoption of new ideas. Name the factors influencing learning. 3+2
b) Discuss about the elements of communication process. What is the role of family on health?

K-74
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40mins
[Answer any three questions from each group and question no. 13 is compulsory.]
Group A
1. Enlist the characteristics of health care. Write down the criteria of a mentally healthy person.
2. Explain the determinants of health. Enlist the indicators of health.
3. Write down the criteria of safe and wholesome water. With diagram explain the term
“sanitation barrier”.
4. With diagram explaining the elements of communication process. Mention the criteria of a
good message.
Group B
5. Define and classify immunity with example. Differentiate between primary and secondary
immune responses.
6. Enlist arthropods of medical importance with related diseases. Write down methods for
control of aedes mosquito.
7. With example explain the supplementary action of protein. Enlist WHO staging of
Xerophthalmia with their characteristics.

D`qvw`ª 79 126
8. An unvaccinated infant with age 2 months has brought to EPI outreach centre. Name the vaccines
that can be administreted to it on that day. Writhe down the vaccination schedule for PCV.
Group C
9. Define and classify data with examples. Write down the methods for presentation of
quantitative data.
10. Explain community diagnosis and community treatment. Define: Epidemic, endemic and
eradication of disease.
11. Mention health hazards due to improper disposal of excreta. Enlist hazards of radiation exposure.
12. Explain the changing concepts of health. Treatment is a part of prevention- justify.
Group D
13. Write down the methods for nutrition status assessment for a children under 5 years.
14. Classify water-borne diseases. Mention the methods for purification of water in large scale.
15. Calculate median from following observation of age in years: 5, 7, 2, 3, 10, 4 and 5.
16. Write down the sources of noise. Discuss the modes of disease transmission by arthropods.

K-73
Full marks: 70 Time: 2hrs 30min
Answer any 3 questions from each group, Question no. 13 is compulsory.
Group A
1. Mention the aims of epidemiology. Write down the types & uses of prevalence rate.
2. Briefly discuss different stages of a disease cycle with diagram. Write down the uses of health
indicators.
3. Enlist different levels of prevention with their related interventions. Hand-flushed water seal
latrine acts as a sanitation barrier- explain.
4. Enlist the characteristics of health care. Differentiate between medical care and health care.
Group B
5. Different types of epidemics can be differentiated with the help of figures- explain. Classify
epidemiological methods.
6. Define cold chain and write down its components. Enlist the common nutritional deficiency
diseases of Bangladesh.

7. Write down the criteria of a good message. Briefly discuss the various stages of adoption of
new ideas & practices.
8. Write down the functions of dietary fibers. An unvaccinated infant with age 50 days was
brought to EPI outreach center. Name the vaccines that can be administered to it on that day.
Write down the vaccination schedule for MR vaccine.
Group C
9. Mention the methods of data collection & data presentation. Write down the steps for
disinfection of wells.
D`qvw`ª 79 127
10. Mention the sources of water pollution with examples. It was observed that in 2016, there
were 200 students at Kalibari High School. Of them 110 were Muslim, 75 were Hindu and the
rest were Christians. Present these findings with appropriate title & labeling.
11. Mention health hazards due to improper disposal of solid waste. Live vaccines are superior
to inactivated vaccines- justify.
12. Mention different types of behavior with related health & disease problems. Write down
the measures for arthropod control.
Group D
13. Discuss the modes of disease transmission.
14. Write down the criteria of a sanitary latrine. Briefly discuss the measures for prevention and
control of air pollution.
15. Write down the importance of period of communicability. Classify host factors with examples.
16. Define & classify research instrument. Define sampling & classify sampling methods.

K-72
Full marks: 70 Time: 2hrs 40min
Group A, B, C: Answer any 3 questions from each group
Group D: Answer 3 questions including question no. 1
Group A
1. Define comprehensive health care. What does the natural history of disease imply? What are
the different stages of public health?
2. State the theories of disease causation. Discuss modes of intervention of disease.
3. How does clinical medicine differ from community medicine? Mention the characteristics of
ideal health care.
4. What is PEM? Compare Kwashiorkor with Marasmus.
Group B
1. Classify data according to source. Distinguish between statistic and parameter. Find the
mean, median and mode of the following values: 3,7,5,7,4,5,1,2.
2. What are the components of behavioral science? Describe the criteria of a good leader.
3. What are the types of learning? Briefly state the conditions affecting learning.
4. List green house gasses. Discuss the WHO strategy for control & prevention of air pollution.
Group-C
1. Mention the criteria of a disease to be screened. In a community, total population registered
in 2014 was 10000. Among them, 3000 were women of reproductive age. If 5 females were
diagnosed with carcinoma of cervix, calculate prevalence rate of Ca-cervix in that community.
2. Write down the principles of health education. What are the methods used in health
communication?
3. What is cold chain? Mention its importance. Active immunity is superior to passive immunity- justify.
4. State the components of communication process. Mention the barriers of communication.
D`qvw`ª 79 128
 Group D
1. Classify major nutritional deficiency problems in Bangladesh. What are the stages of
xeropthalmia?
2. What are the types of behavior? Mention the effects of noise on health.
3. What do you mean by arthropod? Name the diseases transmitted by arthropods of medical
importance.
4. Illustrate sanitation barrier. Mention the sources of water pollution of the river Buriganga.

K-71
[Answer any three questions from group A, B, C.]
[Question no 1 of group D is compulsory and answer another one from the rest.]
Group A
1. Define community medicine. “Health is multidimensional” – justify.
2. What do you mean by comprehensive health care? List the different levels of prevention.
3. List the indicators of health. Mention its importance.
4. What do you mean by control, elimination and eradication of disease? State the characteristic
of ideal health care.
Group B
1. Define medical ethics. What are the specific health issues to be dealt with medical ethics?
2. Write down the non-auditory effects of noise on health. How X-ray technologists can be
protected from radiation hazard?
3. Define herd immunity. Write down the update schedule of EPI in Bangladesh.
4. What are the components of communication? Mention common arthropod borne diseases
prevalent in Bangladesh?
Group C
1. Classify data according to sources? State the different methods of presentation of statistical data.
2. What are the tools of measurement used in epidemiology? Differentiate between case
control and cohort study.
3. State the domains of learning. Mental age of 20 years’ boy is 2. Calculate his IQ and interpret.
4. Differentiate disinfection from sterilization. How can you disinfect hospital bedding (linen and
clothes)?
Group D
1. Mention common nutritional deficiency disorders among under 5 children. Discuss measure
for prevention and control to PEM in our country.
2. State the principles of health education. What are the methods used in health education?
What is prudent diets? Discuss the role of dietary fibers in health and disease.
3. Write a note on Domiciliary Health Care. What is planning cycle?
4. State the activities of UNICEF in Bangladesh. Discuss the characteristics of a good leader.

D`qvw`ª 79 129
 K-70
Full marks-70 Time: 2.30 hours
(Answer any three questions from each group of A, B, C.)
(Question no. 1 of Group D is compulsory; answer another one from the rest.)
Group-A
1. Define community medicine. Write down about health promotion phase of public health. 2+4
2. Health is multidimensional –explain. Write down the indicators related to socio-economic
status and health care delivery for each. 3+3
3. Name the modern factors of disease causation. What are the different modes of
interventions? 2+4
4. What are the common school health problems among secondary level of school students?
What do you mean by healthful school environment? 2+4
Group-B
1. Discuss about sanitation barrier. Write down the steps of modern sewage treatment. 3+3
2. States methods of water purification at household level. What are the effects of noise? 3+3
3. Mention the common occupational hazards of industrial worker. How can you measure air
pollution in Mohakhali area? 4+2
4. Mention characteristics of a rural housing. How can you protect a worker from
pneumoconiosis? 3+3
Group-C
1. State the component of communication process. What are the barriers between health
educator and community? 3+3
2. State types of learning. Enlist conditions that affect learning. Name some personality traits.
2+2+2
3. Why international health is important for protection of health and prevention of diseases?
Mention the activities of Red Cross in context of Bangladesh. 3+3
4. What are the components of behavioral science? Briefly describe functions of family. 2+4
Group-D
1. Discuss in brief the health care delivery mechanism of Bangladesh at primary care level. 10
2. Describe in brief the principles of primary health care. Write down achievement gained by
Bangladesh in health related MDGs till now. 4+2
3. What are the types of planning? Mention the steps of planning cycle. Enlist functions of
democratic leader. 2+2+2

D`qvw`ª 79 130
 K-69
Full marks-70 Time: 2.30 hours
(Answer any three questions from each group of A, B, C.)
(Question no. 1 of Group D is compulsory; answer another one from the rest.)
Group-A
1. Define Community medicine. Write down 3 important differences between community
medicine and clinical medicine. Discuss “health for all” phase of public health.
2. Draw and label the health care pyramid existing in Bangladesh. Explain Accessibility as a
characteristic of health care. Discuss ecological concept of health.
3. What is disease control? Name the utilization rate indicators. Discuss primordial prevention
of diseases.
4. Mention Benjamin Bloom’s 3 domains of learning. State the role of BCC in public health.
Describe the illness behavior of a person when he is exposed to a disease.
Group-B
1. Explain Socratic Method of communication. Discuss comprehensiveness as a principle of
Health education. State the role of folk media in Health Communication.
2. Write down the sources of air pollution. State the health impact of ozone layer depletion.
How water can be purified by storage only?
3. Mention the sources of noise in Dhaka city. Illustrate mode of transmission of fecal-borne
diseases. List the criteria of healthful housing.
4. Mention the sources of Municipal waste. How refuse can be disposed in rural setting?
Overcrowding is an important public health problem- explain.
Group-C
1. Enlist the health problems due to industrialization. Mention at risk workers for Plumbism.
State the preventive measures taken by radio- imaging technicians.
2. What is occupational disease? Mention common infections of a farmer. X-Ray chest of a
worker of a ceramic industry shows “snowball” opacities – state the diagnosis and preventive
measures.
3. What is “wool sorters disease”? Mention the occupational health problems a surgeon may
suffer from and suggest the personal protective measures for them.
4. State offensive trade with example. Mention mental health problems of school children. How
can you ensure healthful school environment?

D`qvw`ª 79 131
 K-68
Full marks-70 Time: 2.30 hours
(Answer any three questions from each group of A, B, C.)
Question no. 1 of Group D is compulsory; answer another one from the rest.)
Group –A
1. State modern theories of disease causation. Mention the characteristics of a mentally healthy
person. Discuss the Disease control phase of Public Health.
2. Discuss Environment as an important Determinant of health. Mention Duties and
responsibilities of a Health Assistant.
3. Name the indicators of health. Illustrate existing levels of health care in Bangladesh. Explain
biomedical concept regarding health.
4. Explain Iceberg phenomenon of disease. Mention the stages of disease cycle. State the
principles of disease control.
Group-B
1. What is learning? State factors influencing health behavior. Calculate and interpret IQ of a 10
years boy with mental age of 2.

2. How can you motivate a community for healthful living? Enlist the stages for adaption of a
new idea. Mention the role of emotion on health and disease.
3. What are the toxic effects of lead poisoning? Mention the elements of communication with
flow -chart. Write down common occupational biological hazards.
4. State environmental Health problems in school. Enumerate the principles of accident
prevention in workplace. What is farmer’s lung?
Group-C
1. Mention the role of Air conditioner in ventilation. Discuss Prevention and Control measures
of air pollution as recommended by WHO.
2. What is safe wholesome water? State the water purification methods you suggest on small
scale in flood situation. Discuss about radiation protection measures to be taken in hospital
settings.
3. Mention refuse borne health hazards. State possible methods of hospital waste
management. Healthful housing for healthy life-explain it.
4. Write short notes on: a) Noise pollution
b) Greenhouse effect
c) Arsenicosis.

D`qvw`ª 79 132
 COMMUNITY MEDICINE 2nd Term
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH : WATER
1. Enumerate water related public health problems in Bangladesh. [K-78] [C - p178]
2. Write down the criteria of safe and wholesome water. [K-79, 77, 76, 75, 74] [DU] [C - p179]
3. What do you mean by water pollution and contamination? [K-77, 75] [C-p178 and Park 27th
- p833, 837]
4. Differentiate between polluted and contaminated water. [K-77, 76] [C-p178 and Park 27th -
p833, 837]
5. What is safe wholesome water? State the water purification methods you suggest on small
scale in flood situation. [K-76, 68] [DU] [C - p179, p194]
6. Suggest the safe sources of water for people in an arsenic affected area. [K-77, 76] [DU] [C -
p203]
7. What are the sources of water pollution in Dhaka city/ river Buriganga. [K-75, 72] [DU] [C -
p184]
8. Write down the microbiological parameters of drinking water according to the WHO
guideline. [K-79]
9. Mention the diseases transmitted by contaminated water. How water can be purified in a
flood affected area for drinking purpose? [K-75] [DU] [C - p184, p194]
10. Classify water-borne diseases. [K-74] [DU] [C- p184]
11. Mention the methods for purification of water in large scale. [K-74] [DU] [C - p187]
12. Write down the steps for disinfection of wells. [K-73] [DU] [C - p196]
13. Mention the sources of water pollution with examples. [K-73] [DU] [C- p183]
14. States methods of water purification at household level. [K-70] [DU] [C - p194]
15. How water can be purified by storage only? [K-69] [C- p187]
16. SN – Arsenicosis. [K-68] [C - p200]

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH : AIR, NOISE, RADIATION, LIGHT

1. Mention the air pollutants with sources of emission. [K-77] [DU] [C - p222]
2. Briefly discuss the measures for prevention and control of air pollution. (Discuss WHO strategy) [K-
77, 75, 73, 72, 68] [DU] [C - p225]
3. Write down the sources of air pollution. [K-76, 69] [DU] [C- p222]
4. Name the indicators of air pollution. [K-79]
5. State the health effects of air pollution in Dhaka city. [K-79 ,76] [DU] [C - p223]
6. How can you measure air pollution in Mohakhali area? [K-70] [DU] [C - p224]
7. Mention the role of Air conditioner in ventilation. [K-68] [C-p228 and Park 27th - p866]
8. Write down the sources of noise (in Dhaka city). [K-74, 69] [C - p208]
9. Mention the effects/ hazards of noise on health. [K-78, 75, 72, 70] [DU] [C - p208]

D`qvw`ª 79 133
10. How sound pollution can be prevented in Dhaka City? [K-78] [C - p209]
11. Write down the non-auditory effects of noise on health. [K-71] [C - p209]
12. Who are exposed to radiation in a hospital and how can we protect them? [K-77] [C - p216, p217]
13. Mention the biological effects of radiation. [K-75] [DU] [C- p216]
14. Enlist hazards of radiation exposure. How can we prevent radiation exposure? [K-76, 74]
[DU] [C - p216, p217]
15. How X-ray technologists can be protected from radiation hazard? [K-71, 69] [DU] [C - p281]
16. Discuss about radiation protection measures to be taken in hospital settings. [K-68] [DU] [C
- p217]
17. What are the importances of good lighting? [K-78] [C - p204]
18. What are the components of climate change? What are health impacts of climate change?
[K-77, 76] [DU] [C - p230]
19. What are the after effects of global warming? [K-77] [DU] [C - p231]
20. Name the greenhouse gases. Briefly describe the greenhouse effects in Bangladesh. [K-72]
[DU] [C - p229, p230]
21. State the health impact of ozone layer depletion. [K-69] [DU] [C - p232]
22. SN – Noise Pollution [K-68] [C-p208, 209 and Park 27th - p868, 869, 870]
Greenhouse Effect [K-68] [C - p229]

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH : SOLID WASTE, EXCRETA, HEALTHFUL HOUSING

1. Illustrate sanitation barrier. [K-78, 77, 76, 74, 72, 70] [DU] [C - p238]
2. Mention the hazards to improper disposal of solid waste/ human excreta. [K-77, 76, 75, 74,
73] [DU] [C - p234, p237]
3. State methods of hospital waste management/ disposal. [K-77, 68] [C-p235, p236 and Park
27th - p916-919]
4. Define refuse with the sources of it. [K-78] [DU] [C - p234, p235]
5. Mention the methods of refuse disposal/ Classify solid waste disposal method. [K-78, 76] [DU]
[C - p235]
6. What measures you can adopt to prevent fecal-borne diseases? Mention a trap. [K-75] [C-
p239, p242 & Park 27th - p883, 885]
7. Write down the criteria of a sanitary latrine. [K-73] [DU] [C - p240]
8. Hand-flushed water seal latrine acts as a sanitation barrier- explain. [K-73] [C- p238, p242,
and Park 27th - p883, 884]
9. Mention the sources of Municipal waste. [K-69] [C- p235 and Park 27th - p881]
10. How refuse can be disposed in rural setting? [K-69] [DU] [C - p236]
11. Mention refuse/fecal borne health hazards. Mode of transmission of fecal-borne diseases.
[K-69, 68] [DU] [C - p235, p237]
12. Write down the steps of modern sewage treatment. [K-70] [C - p246]
13. List the criteria /WHO criteria of healthful housing. [K-78, 70, 69] [DU] [C - p212]
D`qvw`ª 79 134
14. Healthful housing for healthy life-explain it. [K-68] [DU] [C - p213]
15. Overcrowding is an important public health problem-explain. [K-69] [C - p214]

EPIDEMIOLOGY : EPI DISEASES, DIARRHEAL DISEASES & ENTERIC FEVER

1. Write down the epidemiology of typhoid fever. What are the complications of typhoid? Name
the vaccine for typhoid with the dose schedule that has been recently introduced in the EPI?
[K-79]
2. Write down the management of acute watery diarrhea with some dehydration. [K-73] [C -
p860]
3. Define open case of tuberculosis with its epidemiological importance. [K-73] [DU] [C - p700]
4. What are the modes of transmission of hepatitis B? How can you prevent Hepatitis B? [K-79,
76, 75, 72] [DU] [C - p686, p689]
5. What are the objectives of National Tuberculosis Control Program? Explain DOTS. Mention
the activities of DOTS in Bangladesh. [K-78, 72] [DU] [C - p701, p702]
6. What do you mean by "DOTS" and "FDCs"? Enlist 5 (five) advantages of FDCs during TB
treatment. [K-79]
7. State in brief epidemiology of Tuberculosis. What is “DOTS-Plus”? [K-77, 76] [DU] [C - p693,
p702]
8. Why Bangladesh government adopted DOTS strategy to control tuberculosis? [K-75] [C -
p703]
9. Mention the clinical features of Polio. [K-79]
10. Write down the epidemiological basis of poliomyelitis eradication. [K-73, 71] [C - p718]
11. What are the types of dehydration? Write their features. [K-78, 77, 76] [C - p858, p859]
12. How can you assess levels of dehydration? Mention the signs of severe dehydration. [K-75,
74, 72] [C - p859]
13. Mention the complications of diphtheria. Discuss the control measures of Diphtheria. [K-76,
72] [DU] [C - p707, p708]
14. How can Diphtheria be prevented in a community? [K-79]
15. How can you prevent enteric fever? [K-78] [DU] [C - p741]
16. Write on sanitation measures to control cholera. [K-78] [C - p865]
17. Write down the composition and advantages of reduced osmolarity ORS. [72] [C - p861,
p862]
18. What are the types of Tetanus? Write its epidemiology. [K-78] [C - p721, p720]
19. What is tetanus neonatarum? How can you prevent it? [K-76] [C - p721, p722]
20. What is “Congenital Rubella Syndrome”? Write down preventive measures. [K-76, 75] [C -
p727, p726]
21. Write the characteristics and distribution of measles rash. [K-79]
22. What are the complications of measles? [K-78, 77, 75] [DU] [C - p682]

D`qvw`ª 79 135
23. Classify modes of transmission of communicable diseases. [K-77] [DU] [C - p653, p673]
24. Name the diseases that we are trying to eliminate. [K-77] [C - p336]
25. Who are the/ Define chronic carriers of hepatitis B? [72, 71] [C - p652]
26. What advices will you give to an adult male as a hepatitis B carrier? [72, 71] [C- p690 and
Park 27th - p255]

EMERGING & RE-EMERGING DISEASES, KALA-AZAR, MALARIA, FILARIA, LEPROSY

HELMINTHIC DISEASES, SARS, AVIAN FLU, NIPA VIRUS, MERS CORONA, ANTHRAX
1. What are the cardinal features of leprosy? Differentiate between multibacillary and
paucibacillary leprosy. Mention the epidemiology of leprosy. [K-78, 77, 76, 75, 74] [C - p729,
p732, p730]
2. Classify leprosy for treatment purpose with their characteristics. [K-73] [C - p731, p732]
3. Mention diseases with fever & skin rash. [K-73] [DU] [C - p678]
4. Helminthic diseases are more prevalent in rural area-explain. [K-75] [C - p798, p800]
5. Discuss about the preparedness activities against emerging diseases in Bangladesh. [K-75] [C
- p678]
6. What are the features of Kala-azar? [K-78] [C - p823]
7. Discuss approaches of hookworm prevention and control. [K-78] [DU] [C - p801]
8. Discuss the clinical features of Malaria. [K-79]
9. Write down the prevention control measures of malaria. [K-73] [C - p812]
10. What do you mean by "Roll Back Malaria"? [K-79 ,76] [DU] [C - p813]
11. What do you mean by emerging disease? Give examples. [72, 71] [C - p678]
12. Write down the prevention & control measures of filariasis. [72] [C - p819, p820]

ARI, CHICKENPOX, MUMPS, RUBELLA, DENGUE, YELLOW FEVER

RABIES, VIRAL HEPATITIS-A, C, D, HIV/AIDS, STDS
1. State the prevention and control measures of HIV/AIDS. [K-75, 74] [DU] [C - p845]
2. Mention the Control Measures of Scabies. [K-78, 77] [DU] [C - p839]
3. Classify ARI among children aged 2 months to 5 years with management. [K-79]
4. Classify ARI according to age (IMCI Classification). [K-78, 76] [C - p869]
5. A Patient admitted at hospital with rash, joint pain, high fever with low platelet count. What
is your diagnosis? Write down the epidemiology with its management. [K-78]
6. What do you mean by confirmed and probable case of dengue fever? [K-77] [C - p767, p769]
7. Classify pneumonia. Explain role of fast breathing in categorizing pneumonia. [K-77, 74] [C -
p869]
8. What is street virus? Differentiate between street virus and fixed virus. [K-79 ,76, 71] [DU] [C
- p778]
9. A man comes to you with the history of dog bite- how can you manage the patient/ Discuss
D`qvw`ª 79 136
 post exposure prophylaxis of rabies. [K-76, 71] [DU] [C - p779, p780]
10. Classify and grade the severity of dengue infection according to WHO. How can dengue be
controlled in our country? [K-79, 76] [C - p770, p771]
11. Outline the steps of epidemiological investigation during outbreak of dengue fever. [69]
[DU] [C - p657]
12. Write in short the epidemiology of Dengue fever. [71] [C - p769, p768, p771]

CANCER, DIABETES, HTN, CHD, STROKE

RHEUMATIC FEVER, OBESITY, ARSENICOSIS
1. Mention the criteria/ cardinal characteristics of Non-Communicable Diseases. [K-79, 78, 74,
73] [C - p873]
2. State the risk factors of non-communicable diseases. [K-78, 74, 73] [C - p874]
3. Identify the garget women of cervical cancer screening. Discuss about cancer screening. [K-
75, 74] [C - p903]
4. Enlist risk factors of NCDs. Write down the warning signs/ danger signals of cancer. [K-74, 73,
72] [DU] [C - p874, p900]
5. Classify diabetes according to WHO. Self-care is a crucial element in secondary prevention of
diabetes mellitus-explain. How can you measure DM in a community? [K-75, 71, 69] [DU] [C -
p890, p894, p892]
6. List the complication of diabetes mellitus. Who are at risk of developing diabetes mellitus?
[K-77, 71] [DU] [C - p891, p892]
7. What is 'self-care' in Diabetes patient. How will you take care of diabetic foot? [K-76, 71] [DU]
[C - p894, p896]
8. Mention types of cancer. What are the investigations to identify and prevent them? [K-76] [C
- p900, p903]
9. List major manifestations of rheumatic fever. Outline epidemiological factors of rheumatic fever.
[K-75] [DU] [C - p885, p884]
10. Enumerate gaps in natural history of Non communicable Diseases. [K-76, 75] [DU] [C - p875]
11. How can we prevent emergence of hypertension among young population. [K-75] [DU] [C -
p884]
12. Define Obesity. How can you prevent obesity? Discuss consequences of obesity. [K-78, 75]
[C - p897, p899, p898]
13. How breast cancer can be screened? How can we prevent lung cancer? [K-77] [C - p905,
p906]
14. What are the criteria of chronic diseases? What are the common cancers in Bangladesh?
[K-77, 76] [DU] [C - p873, p902]
15. Mention the Jones criteria for diagnosis of Rheumatic fever. [K-76] [DU] [C - p885]
16. Hypertension is an iceberg of disease'-explain. [K-79, 76] [C - p882]
17. Enlist the risk factors of hypertension. [K-79]
D`qvw`ª 79 137
18. Classify BMI. [K-76] [C - p897]
19. Briefly describe the epidemiological determinants of Obesity. [K-79, 76] [C- p898]
20. How can we prevent non communicable diseases? [K-74] [DU] [C - p875]
21. Describe the risk factors of cervical cancer in context of Bangladesh. [72] [C - p903]
22. What is rule of halves in hypertension? [71] [C - p882]
23. Explain importance of patient compliance in treatment of hypertension. [71] [C- p884 and
Park 27th - p429]
24. What are risk factors of CHD? Make a dietary plan for a community to prevent CHD. [68]
[DU] [C - p878]
25. A 12-year-old girl presented with fever, joint pain with knee swelling and reports migration
of pain to elbows. She suffered from a throat infection several weeks back. Her mother
complains that she is breathing heavily and appears fatigued. On examination she has
tachycardia and a heart murmur. [K-79]
a) What do you think is the diagnosis?
b) How can we diagnose the disease according to WHO criteria
c) State the preventive measures of the disease.

MCH, WARNING SIGNS OF PREGNANCY, NEONATAL CARE, IYCF, LBW

1. What are stages of maternity cycle? [K-74, 73] [DU] [C - p450]
2. Mention the immediate care of a new born baby? [K-74] [C - p470]
3. State the objectives of ANC. What are the warning signs of pregnancy? [K-78, 74, 72, 71, 69,
68] [DU] [C - p454, p461]
4. Write down the beneficial effects/ advantages of breast feeding. [K-75, 73, 72, 71, 68] [DU]
[C - p481]
5. Enlist the at risk mothers and at risk children. [K-73] [DU] [C - p462, p473]
6. How does the APGAR score help in the identification of high-risk infants? [K-79]
7. Mention specific protection of women during pregnancy. [K-73, 68] [DU] [C - p460]
8. Who are the high-risk mothers in our society? Enumerate causes of maternal mortality. [K-
78, 74, 72, 71] [DU] [C - p462, p494]
9. What is risk approach? Enlist high risk mother. [K-76, 69] [DU] [C - p462]
10. Write down the preventive measures for LBW? [K-76, 69, 68] [DU] [C - p476]
11. Briefly discuss the measures for reducing MMR in Bangladesh. [K-76, 73] [DU] [C - p495]
12. What is milk injury? How milk injury can be prevented? [K-75, 69, 68] [DU] [C - p481]
13. Enlist common MCH problems in Bangladesh. [K-78, 70] [C - p451]
14. Define exclusive breast feeding. Enlist high risk infants. [K-75] [DU] [C - p481, p473]
15. Write down the services for pregnant women during fast antenatal visit. What are the
features of pre-eclamptic toxemia? What is risk approach? [K-75] [DU] [C - p458, p460, p462]
16. Define perinatal mortality with importance. [K-79, 78, 76] [C - p490]
17. Explain 1st antenatal visit? [K-78, 76] [C - p458]
D`qvw`ª 79 138
18. Enlist the objectives and components of MCH services/ care. [K-78, 77] [DU] [C - p448]
19. How can you prevent postnatal complications of a mother? [K-78, 77] [C - p467]
20. How can you prevent night blindness? [K-78] [C - p575]
21. Enlist the causes of IMR in Bangladesh. [K-76] [DU] [C - p488]
22. Mention the importance/ uses of the growth chart. [K-79, 76] [DU] [C- p479]
23. What are the causes of low birth weight babies? [72, 71] [DU] [C - p475]
24. Find out the social factors responsible for high MMR. [68] [DU] [C - p495]
25. State the concept of bedding in. [68] [C- p466 and Park 27th - p605]
26. How to restore optimum health of mother during pregnancy? [68] [DU] [C - p467]
27. How can you prevent ophthalmia neonatorum? [70] [C - p473]
28. How to ensure specific health protections to a pregnant mother. [68] [DU] [C - p460]
29. Mention the importance of colostrum among neonate. [68] [C - p480]
30. Find out the factors affecting child health. [68] [C - p469]

FAMILY PLANNING, CPR, MCH, CONTRACEPTIVE, MR

1. Mention the scopes of family planning services in Bangladesh. [K-77, 69] [DU] [C - p503]
2. Enlist contraceptive methods. Mention the beneficial effects of oral contraceptive pill. [K-75,
74] [DU] [C - p508, p514]
3. Write down the mechanism of action of IUCD/ Cu-T. [K-79, 73] [DU] [C - p519]
4. Mention the mode of action and complications of OCP. [K-76, 70] [DU] [C - p512]
5. What do you mean by CPR? [K-77] [DU] [C - p504]
6. Classify hormonal contraceptive methods. [K-75] [C - p509, p511]
7. What do you mean by target couple and couple-protection rate? [K-78] [DU] [C - p504]
8. Classify methods of contraception with examples. Write non-contraceptive advantages of
barrier method? [K-78, 77, 74, 71] [C - p508, p509, p511]
9. A woman of 40 years old came to you for family planning advice, what will you suggest her?
[K-77] [C - p534]
10. What is "safe period"? [K-79, 76] [DU] [C- p531]
11. Mention the objectives of Family Planning. [K-76] [DU] [C - p502]
12. Write down the complications of unsafe abortion. [K-75] [C - p525]
13. Mention the criteria of ideal contraceptive method. [K-74] [C - p508]
14. Write down the contraceptive methods suitable for a newly married couple. [72] [C - p534]
15. What are the merits family planning? Enlist the MCH problems in Bangladesh. [71] [C - p502,
p451]
16. Discuss impact of family planning on mother and child health. [70] [C - p503]
17. Who are the ideal candidates for IUCD? [69] [DU] [C - p520]
18. Define unmet need for family planning. List 4 major causes of unmet need in developing
countries. State two strategies to reduce unmet need. [K-79]
D`qvw`ª 79 139
19. Identify the factors behind un-met-need for FP. [69, 68] [DU] [C - p505]
20. Write down the post-operative advices after male sterilization. [68] [C - p528]

DEMOGRAPHY, STATISTICS, POPULATION PYRAMID, FERTILITY, CENSUS

1. Define census. Briefly discuss the stages of demographic cycle. [K-77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 70, 69]
[C - p441, p431]
2. Write down the factors responsible for influencing fertility. [K-76, 75, 74, 71, 69] [DU] [C -
p439]
3. Compare the characteristics of the Population pyramids of developing and developed
countries. [K-79]
4. Differentiate between developed and developing countries in respect of demographic
characteristics. [K-73] [DU] [C - p434]
5. Mention the demographic process. Discuss the different stages of demographic cycle. [K-75,
69] [DU] [C - p429, p431]
6. What is Population Pyramid? How population pyramid helps in planning? [K-77, 76] [DU] [C -
p434, p435]
7. What is demography? Name the processes that influence demographic change. [72, 71] [DU]
[C - p428, p429]
8. If growth rate of a country is 1.5%, when will the population of that country be doubled? [72]
[C - p436]
9. Name some fertility related statistics. [70] [C - p444, p445]
10. Define GRR and NRR. [69] [C- p443]
11. Discuss demographic transition of world population since 1650 AD. [68] [DU] [C - p431]
12. Illustrate and interpret population pyramid of LDCs. [68] [DU] [C - p434]

SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES

1. Mention the major school health problems in Bangladesh. [K-79 ,78, 75, 74, 72] [DU] [C -
p256]
2. What are the duties of school health medical officer? [K-74, 72] [DU] [C - p260]
3. What are the importance of mid-day school meal? [K-74] [C - p257]
4. Classify the school desk according to importance. [K-79, 73] [DU] [C - p258]
5. Mention behavioral/ mental health problems of school children. [K-73, 69] [C - p256, p257]
6. Enumerate criteria of Mid-Day Meal. [K-78, 77] [C - p257]
7. What do you mean by healthful school environment & How can you ensure? [K-76, 75, 70,
69] [DU] [C - p255]
8. What are the common school health problems among secondary level of school students?
[70] [DU] [C - p256]
9. State environmental Health problems in school. [68] [C - p257]

D`qvw`ª 79 140
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
1. Write down the occupational hazards for health care providers. [K-79, 74] [C - p283]
2. List the measures to prevent occupational health hazard? [K-76, 74] [DU] [C - p289]
3. Enlist the occupational hazards of agricultural workers/ industrial workers. [K-75, 73, 70] [DU]
[C - p283, p288]
4. Mention measures/ medical measures for prevention of hazards in an industry. [K-73] [DU]
[C - p289, p290]
5. Classify/ State the occupational hazards. Common occupational biological hazards. [K-78, 74,
72, 68] [C - p270]
6. State offensive trade with example/ types. [K-78, 69] [DU] [C - p294]
7. Mention the hazards of industrialization. What is sickness absenteeism? [K-77, 69] [DU] [C -
p287, p288]
8. What is ergonomics? Mrs. Rehana has been working in a garments factory for 20 years, enlist
the hazards she may encounter. [K-76] [DU] [C - p270, p284]
9. How can we prevent radiation hazards in hospital? [K-74] [C - p217]
10. What are the measures that can be taken for the prevention of occupational diseases? [72]
[DU] [C - p289]
11. What is pneumoconiosis? Mention the characteristics of the dust particle causing pneumoconiosis?
[K-79]
12. How can you protect a worker from pneumoconiosis? [70] [C - p275]
13. Mention at risk workers for Plumbism. What are the toxic effects of lead poisoning? [69, 68]
[DU] [C - p273]
14. What is occupational disease? Mention common infections of a farmer. [69] [C - p271, p284]
15. X-Ray chest of a worker of a ceramic industry shows “snowball” opacities – state the
diagnosis and preventive measures. [69] Silicosis [C- p275, p277 & Park 27th - p933]
16. What is “wool sorters disease”? Mention the occupational health problems a surgeon may
suffer from and suggest the personal protective measures for them. [69] [C - p747, p283, p291]
17. Enumerate the principles of accident prevention in workplace. What is farmer’s lung? [68]
[DU] [C - p598, p278]

PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT

1. State five important functions of community clinic. [K-74] [DU] [C- p319]
2. What are the duties & responsibilities of UHFPO/ HA. [K-78, 77, 74, 73, 72, 68] [DU] [C - p316,
p317]
3. State the services available at community clinic. [K-76, 75] [DU] [C - p319]
4. Enlist the activities and service providers of a community clinic. [K-77] [DU] [C - p319, p320]
5. Illustrate the organogram of UHC/ UHC with 50 beds. [K-78, 73, 72] [C - p316]

D`qvw`ª 79 141
6. State the levels of health care/ health care delivery system in Bangladesh. [K-77, 74] [DU] [C
- p301]
7. Define Planning with its types. Give flow chart of planning cycle. [K-78, 77, 71, 70] [DU] [C -
p325, p326]
8. Write down the components of the planning cycle. Draw a figure of the planning cycle. [K-79]
9. Define Management. [K-79]
10. Mention the differences between administration and management. [K-79, 74] [DU] [C -
p331]
11. Mention the purpose of planning. Mention the functions of management. [K-77, 75, 73, 71]
[DU] [C - p325, p328]
12. Discuss in brief the health care delivery mechanism of Bangladesh at primary care level. [70]
[DU] [C - p305]

D`qvw`ª 79 142
 2ND TERM QUESTIONS
K-79
Full marks: 70 Time: 2:30 hours
Answer 3 questions from each group numbered 1 to 4
Question number 5 is mandatory for all groups
Group A
1. Define Management. Mention 5 (five) differences between management and administration.
2 What do you mean by "DOTS" and "FDCs"? Enlist 5 (five) advantages of FDCs during TB
treatment. 1+2.5
3. Write down the components of the planning cycle. Draw a figure of the planning cycle.
4. What are the modes of transmission of viral Hepatitis B? Classify ARI among children aged 2
months to 5 years with management. 1+2.5
5. Write down the epidemiology of typhoid fever. What are the complications of typhoid? Name
the vaccine for typhoid with the dose schedule that has been recently introduced in the EPI?
Group B
1. List four differences between street and fixed viruses. Write the characteristics and
distribution of measles rash. 2+1.5
2. Hypertension is an iceberg of disease- explain. Enlist the risk factors of hypertension.
3. Mention the criteria of Non-Communicable Diseases. Briefly discuss the epidemiological
determinants of Obesity. 1.5+2
4. What are the common school health problems in Bangladesh? Classify the school desk
according to importance. 2+1.5
5. Classify and grade the severity of dengue infection according to WHO. How can dengue be
controlled in our country? 3+4
Group C
1. How does the APGAR score help in the identification of high-risk infants? Mention the
importance of the growth chart. 2.5+1
2. Mention the clinical features of Polio. How can Diphtheria be prevented in a community?
3. What do you mean by safe period? Briefly describe the mechanism of action of IUCD.
4. Define perinatal mortality with importance. Compare the characteristics of the Population
pyramids of developing and developed countries. 1.5+2
5. Define unmet need for family planning. List 4 major causes of unmet need in developing
countries. State two strategies to reduce unmet need. 2+3+2
Group D
1. Mention the criteria for safe and wholesome water. Write down the microbiological
parameters of drinking water according to the WHO guideline. 1.5+2
2. What is pneumoconiosis? Mention the characteristics of the dust particle causing pneumoconiosis?
Write down the occupational hazards for health care providers. 1+1+1.5
3. Name the indicators of air pollution. State the health effects of air pollution in Dhaka city.
4. Discuss the clinical features of Malaria. What do you mean by "Roll Back Malaria".
D`qvw`ª 79 143
5. A 12-year-old girl presented with fever, joint pain with knee swelling and reports migration
of pain to elbows. She suffered from a throat infection several weeks back. Her mother
complains that she is breathing heavily and appears fatigued. On examination she has
tachycardia and a heart murmur.
a) What do you think is the diagnosis? 1
b) How can we diagnose the disease according to WHO criteria 3
c) State the preventive measures of the disease. 3

Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q1-10

Marks -20 Time: 30 minutes
1. The Population Pyramid shows:
a. Age distribution T
b. Mortality F
c. Sex distribution T
d. Future population trend T
e. Migration rate F

2. Danger signals during labor are:

a. Fetal heart rate > 120/min F
b. Meconium-stained liquor T
c. Prolapse of hand T
d. Sluggish pain after membrane rupture T
e. Temperature < 36°C F

3. According to Henry Fayol, management is:

a. Budgeting F
b. Controlling T
c. Commanding T
d. Reporting F
e. Organizing T

4. In fixing priorities in the planning cycle, attention is paid to:

a. financial constraints T
b. mortality and morbidity data T
c. diseases which can be prevented at a high cost F
d. saving the lives of older people F
e. political and community interests and pressures. T

5. Major manifestations of rheumatic fever include:

a. Chorea T
b. Fever F
D`qvw`ª 79 144
c. Polyarthralgia F
d. Prolonged PR interval F
e. Subcutaneous nodule T

6. Factors responsible for the emergence and re-emergence of disease are:

a. Microbial genetic mutation T
b. Poor sanitation T
c. Planned urbanization F
d. Resistance to antibiotics T
e. Rapid international travel T

7. Risk factors for cervical cancer include:

a. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the most important risk factor. T
b. Early age at first sexual intercourse increases the risk of cervical cancer. T
c. Multiparity is a protective factor against cervical cancer. F
d. Use of barrier contraceptives (condoms) increases the risk of cervical cancer. F
e. Low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher incidence of cervical cancer. T

8. Air Pollution can be monitored by:

a. Dust measurement T
b. Hypochlorite test F
c. Orthotolidine test F
d. SO2 T
e. Smoke index T

9. Contraceptives that act by preventing ovulation are:

a. Copper T F
b. Condom F
c. Ligation F
d. Norplant T
e. Oral contraceptive pill T

10. Which of the following is a late complication of abortion?

a. Infertility T
b. Low birth weight T
c. Puerperal sepsis F
d. Shock F
e. Uterine perforation F

D`qvw`ª 79 145
 Single Best Answer (SBA): Q1-Q10
1. In which stage of the demographic cycle is Bangladesh currently?
a. High stationary
b. High expanding
c. Early expanding
d. Late expanding 

2. What physical examination should be done in every antenatal check-up?

a. Blood pressure 
b. Foetal lie
c. Foetal heart rate
d. Respiratory rate

3. The Major and important type of tetanus is:

a. Otogenic
b. Traumatic 
c. Tetanus neonatorum
d. Puerperal

4. Primary purpose of health planning:

a. To ensure equal distribution of healthcare services across the country.
b. To meet the health needs and demands of the people in the country. 
c. To minimize the cost of healthcare while improving service delivery.
d. To focus primarily on preventative measures in health systems.

5. Which of the following is a curable STD?

a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. HIV infection
d. Syphilis 

6. A 46-year-old obese woman presents with a painless lump in her right breast for 3 months.
She had her first childbirth at 35 years, and her mother also had breast cancer. On examination,
a hard, irregular lump is felt in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. The most widely
used screening test for early detection of breast carcinoma is-
a. MRI
b. FNAC
c. Mammography 
d. Ultrasound

D`qvw`ª 79 146
7. Which major complication may arise in the 3rd week of untreated Typhoid?
a. Pneumonia
b. Cough
c. Rose spots
d. Intestinal perforation 
8. Urinary bladder carcinoma can develop due to exposure to the following, except:
a. dye
b. rubber
c. asbestos 
d. Smoking cigarettes
9. The height of the roof of standard housing should not be less than:
a. 10 feet 
b. 15 feet
c. 20 feet
d. 25 feet
10. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for prescribing combined oral
contraceptive pills (COCP)?
a. Migraine without aura
b. History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 
c. Smoking at age 25
d. Mild hypertension

K-79 (Supple)
Full Marks: 50 Time: 1.30 hours
Answer any 5 questions
1. State the regular schedule of antenatal visits. What do you mean by a high-risk approach?
Relate investigations of a pregnant woman in 1st antenatal visit to a high-risk approach. 2+4+4
2. Write down the danger signals of labor. Mention the causes of IMR in Bangladesh. Write
down the composition of the school health team. Describe the duties of a school medical
officer. 2+2.5+2.5+3
3. A 4-month-old child was brought to the hospital with fever, cough and respiratory difficulty.
On examination, the respiratory rate was 65/min, no chest indrawing but wheeze was present.
a. Diagnose the type of ARI according to anatomical site and the WHO guideline.
b. What danger signs will you look for?
c. How you will manage the child at the primary health care level. 4+2+4
4. Name three zoonotic diseases with the causative agents. What are the complications of
Mumps? What are the modes of transmission of hepatitis B? Mention the treatment of
Typhoid fever. 2+3+3+2

D`qvw`ª 79 147
5. What are the criteria of a good message? Mention the key elements in an effective
communication process. What are the contents of health education? 3+3+4
6. What are the causes of sickness absenteeism? Mention the occupational hazards of
agricultural workers. What are the factors responsible for pneumoconiosis? Mention the types
of domestic accidents? 2+3+3+2
7. What do you mean by dengue shock syndrome? Discuss the preventive measures of dengue
in our country. Mention the complications of pertussis. 2+4+4

Multiple Choices Question (MCQ): Q1-5

Marks -10 Time: 15 minutes
1. The best indicators of air pollution are:
a. Carbon monoxide F
b. Lead F
c. Suspended particles T
d. Smoke T
e. Sulphur dioxide T

2. Safe and wholesome water:

a. Free from pathogenic agents T
b. Free from harmful chemical substances T
c. Unpleasant to the taste F
d. Free from colour and odour T
e. Usable for industrial purposes F

3. Mode of transmission of polio:

a. Droplet infection T
b. Direct contact F
c. Fecal-oral route T
d. Mechanical F
e. Parenteral route F

4. Tuberculosis can be diagnosed by:

a. Gene Expert T
b. ICT F
c. Radiological examination T
d. Sputum smear examination T
e. Occult Blood Test F

5. Risk factors for cervical cancer include:

a. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the most important risk factor. T
b. Early age at first sexual intercourse increases the risk of cervical cancer. T
D`qvw`ª 79 148
c. Multiparity is a protective factor against cervical cancer. F
d. Use of barrier contraceptives (condoms) increases the risk of cervical cancer. F
e. Low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher incidence of cervical cancer. T

Single Best Answer (SBA): Q1-Q5

1. Which stage of demographic cycle zero defines population growth rate?
a. High stationary
b. High expanding
c. Early expanding
d. Low stationary 

2. Which occupational lung disease does resemble tuberculosis?

a. Anthracosis
b. Asbestosis
c. Farmer's lung
d. Silicosis 

3. Rule of halves is applied for

a. Diabetes
b. AIDS
c. Hypertension 
d. Rheumatic Heart Disease

4. A 46-year-old obese woman presents with a painless lump in her right breast for 3 months.
She had her first childbirth at 35 years, and her mother also had breast cancer. On examination,
a hard, irregular lump is felt in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. The most widely
used screening test for early detection of breast carcinoma is-
a. MRI
b. FNAC
c. Mammography 
d. Ultrasound

5. Which major complication may arise in the 3rd week of untreated Typhoid?
a. Pneumonia
b. Cough
c. Rose spots
d. Intestinal perforation 

D`qvw`ª 79 149
 K-78
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40 mins
Answer any three questions from each group.
Question no 13 is compulsory
Group A
1. Enlist the objectives and components of MCH services. What are the prevailing MCH
problems? Explain 1st antenatal visit?
2. What do you mean by target couple and couple-protection rate? Classify methods of
contraception with examples. Write non-contraceptive advantages of barrier method?
3. What is triage? State the difference between accident and disaster. Classify natural hazards.
4. Who are high-risk mothers? What are the warning signs during pregnancy? How can you
prevent postnatal complications of a mother?

Group B
5. List 5 National and 5 International NGOs working in Bangladesh. Write down the functions
of UNICEF.
6. Define Planning with its types. What are the duties and responsibilities of HA.
7. Mention the criteria of a good leader. Illustrate the organogram of UHC.
8. Briefly explain PHC with its elements. Give an example of appropriate technology.
Group C
9. Enumerate criteria of Mid-Day Meal. What are the common school health problems?
10. What are the types of Tetanus? Write its epidemiology. Explain DOTS. What are the
features of Kala-azar?
11. Classify ARI according to age (IMCI Classification). How can you prevent enteric fever?
What are the types of dehydration?
12. What are the cardinal features of leprosy? Write down the complications of measles. How
can you prevent night blindness?
Group D
13. A Patient admitted at hospital with rash, joint pain, high fever with low platelet count.
What is your diagnosis? Write down the epidemiology with its management.
14. Write down the different types of offensive trade. Classify occupational hazards.
15. Discuss approaches of hookworm prevention and control. Write on sanitation measures to
control cholera.
16. State the cardinal characteristics of non-communicable diseases. Define Obesity. How can
you prevent obesity?

D`qvw`ª 79 150
 K-77
Full Marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 40 mins
Answer any three questions from each group.
Question no 13 is compulsory
Group A
1. What are the objectives of MCH care? How can we prevent the complications during
postnatal period?
2. What are the scopes of family planning? Mention the criteria of mid-day school meal.
3. Describe the stages of demographic cycle. How population pyramid helps in planning?
4. Classify temporary contraception methods. A woman of 40 years old came to you for family
planning advice, what will you suggest her? What do you mean by CPR?
Group B
5. Classify modes of transmission of communicable diseases. What are the complications of
measles? Name the diseases that we are trying to eliminate.
6. Classify dehydration with its features. State in brief epidemiology of Tuberculosis.
7. Enlist the health-related NGOs acting in Bangladesh. Write down the activities of a health assistant.
8. What are the common child health problems in Bangladesh? How UNICEF is playing role to
ensure child health?
Group C
9. Mention the hazards of industrialization. What is sickness absenteeism?
10. Discuss the epidemiological triad of accident with example. State the health effects of
disaster.
11. Write in short about SDG. What are the cardinal features of leprosy? Differentiate between
multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy.
12. Mention the functions of management. Give flow chart of planning cycle. What are criteria
of a good leader?
Group D
13. State the levels of health care in Bangladesh. Enlist the activities and service providers of a
community clinic.
14. What are the criteria of chronic diseases? What are the common cancers in Bangladesh?
How can we prevent lung cancer?
15. What is screening? How breast cancer can be screened? Who are at risk of developing
diabetes mellitus?
16. What do you mean by confirmed and probable case of dengue fever? Explain role of fast
breathing in categorizing pneumonia.

D`qvw`ª 79 151
 K-76
Full marks: 70 Time: 2 hour 40 minutes
Answer any three questions from each group of A, B, C.
From group D question no 1 is compulsory and any two questions from the rest.
Group A
1. Define perinatal mortality. Enlist the causes of IMR in Bangladesh. What preventive measure
should be taken to reduce MMR? 1+2+3
2. What is "Risk Approach"? Write down the uses of growth chart. How can we prevent LBW in
Bangladesh? 2+2+2
3. What is "safe period"? Mention the objectives of Family Planning. Briefly discuss the mode
of action of combined oral pill. 2+2+2
4. What is Population Pyramid? Mention the stages of Demographic cycle. What are the factors
affecting fertility? 2+2+2
Group B
1. Why Primary Health Care is an essential healthcare? Mention the services are given by
Community Clinics in Bangladesh. 3+3
2. Write down the criteria of Chronic diseases? State the gaps in the natural history of chronic
diseases. Briefly describe the healthful school environment. 2+2+2
3. What is ergonomics? Mrs. Rehana has been working in a garments factory for 20 years, enlist
the hazards she may encounter. What medical measures should be taken to prevent
occupational hazards? 1+2+3
4. What is “DOTS-Plus”? Enumerate the WHO regional organization with their headquarters.
Discuss the preventive measures of cancer. 1+3+2

Group C
1. Differentiate between street virus and fixed virus. A man comes to you with the history of
dog bite- how can you manage the patient. 2+4
2. Mention the epidemiology of leprosy. Classify ARI among child aged 2 months to 5 years.
How can you prevent Viral Hepatitis B? 2+2+2
3. Briefly describe the principles of PHC. How neonatal tetanus can be prevented in Bangladesh
4. Classify dehydration. Mention the Jones criteria for diagnosis of Rheumatic fever.
Hypertension is an iceberg of disease'-explain. 2+2+2
Group D
1. Write down the WHO classification and grading of dengue. Chalk out the control and
preventive measures of dengue fever in context of urban community. 3+3
2. Classify BMI. Briefly describe the epidemiological determinants of Obesity. 2+3
3. What is “Congenital Rubella Syndrome”? Discuss the control measures of Diphtheria. 2+3
4. What is 'self-care' in Diabetes patient. State the strategies of "Roll Back Malaria". 2+3
D`qvw`ª 79 152
 K-75
Full marks-70 Time: 2.40 hours
(Answer any three questions from each group of A, B, C.
Question no. 1 of Group D is compulsory; answer another one from the rest.)
Group A
1. Classify hormonal contraceptive methods. Mention the beneficial effects of oral
contraceptive pill. Write down die complications of unsafe abortion.
2. What are the complications of measles? How can you assess levels of dehydration? Write
down preventive measures for congenital rubella syndrome.
3. How does Hepatitis B virus infection transmitted? What are the cardinal features of leprosy?
Why Bangladesh government adopted DOTS strategy to control tuberculosis?
4. Helminthic diseases are more prevalent in rural area-explain State the measures for
prevention and control of HIV/ AIDS.
Group B
1. Enumerate gaps in natural history of Non communicable Diseases. How can we prevent
emergence of hypertension among young population.
2. Outline epidemiological factors of rheumatic fever. Discuss about cancer screening.
3. What are the common occupational hazards among agricultural workers? State health
related effects of natural disaster in context of Bangladesh.
4. Self care is a crucial element in secondary prevention of diabetes mellitus-explain. Discuss
consequences of obesity. What are the most frequent causes of domestic accidents?
Group C
1. Write down the services for pregnant women during fast antenatal visit. What are the
features of pre eclamptic Joxaemia? What is risk approach?
2. What are the demographic processes? Write down the factors influencing fertility. Define census.
3. Mention the criteria of a healthful classroom. What are the common school health problems?
4. Identify at risk infant. What are the advantages of breast feeding? What is milk injury?
Group D
1. Discuss about the preparedness activities against emerging diseases in Bangladesh.
2. Enumerate principles of Primary Health Care. Mention the functions of management.
3. What are the characteristics of an ideal leader? State the services available at community clinic.
4. Mention the regional headquarters of WHO. State activities of UNICEF.

K-74
Full marks-70 Time: 2 hrs 40 min
Group A
1. What are the cardinal features of leprosy? How can you assess levels of dehydration? 3+2
2. Enlist contraceptive methods. Mention the beneficial effects of oral contraceptive pill.
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3. Classify pneumonia. State the prevention and control measures of HIV/AIDS. 3+2
4. Enumerate the function of WHO in Bangladesh. When are the activities of Red Crescent
Society in Bangladesh? 3+2
Group B
1. Mention the risk factors of Non communicable Diseases. Identify the garget women of
cervical cancer screening. 3+3
2. Classify epidemiological methods. Mention the advantages of cohort study. 3+3
3. What are the common occupational health problems in medical profession? List the
measures to prevent occupational health hazard? 3+3
4. State the indirect modes of disease transmission. In a community in 2017, total population
was 10,000. Among them 50 persons were suffering from COPD previously and 10 new cases
developed in 2017. Calculate the prevalence rate of COPD. 3+3
Group C
1. What are stages of maternity cycle? Mention the immediate care of a new born baby?
2. State the demographic cycle. Write down the factors responsible for high fertility. 3+3
3. What are the importances of mid day school meal? List the duties of school health medical officer?
4. State the objectives of ANC. What are the warning signs of pregnancy? 3+3
Group D
1. Discuss about the health care delivery system in Bangladesh.
2. Enumerate the elements of Primary Health Care. Mention the differences between
administration and management.
3. State the duties of UHFPO. State five important functions of community clinic.
4. Define and classify behavior. State the process of adoption in changing behavior.

K-74 (Supple)
Full marks-50 Time: 1 hr 30 min
1. (a) State the Elements of PHC. Mention the levels of health care delivery in context of
Bangladesh. 2+3
(b) Who are the high risk mothers? Enumerate causes of maternal mortality. 2+3
2. (a) Mention the criteria of ideal contraceptive method. What are the beneficial effects of oral
contraceptives? 2+3
(b) What are the warning signs of cancer? How can we prevent non communicable diseases?
3. (a) State the indirect modes of disease transmission. In a community in 2017, total population
was 15,000. Among them 55 persons were suffering from COPD previously and 15 new cases
developed in 2017. Calculate the incidence rate of COPD. 2+3
(b) Classify occupational hazards. How can we prevent radiation hazards in hospital? 3+2
4. (a) Name the common school health problems. State the process of adoption in changing behavior.
(b) Discuss the impact of disaster on health. Mention the sign of severe dehydration? 3+2

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5. (a) Mention the regional headquarters of WHO. State the health related activities of UNICEF.
(b) State the demographic cycle. Write down the factors responsible for high fertility.

K-73
Full marks: 70 Time: 2hrs 40min
Answer any 3 questions from each group, question no. 13 is compulsory
Group A
1. Enlist the stages of maternity cycle. Write down the beneficial effects of breast feeding.
2. Briefly discuss various types of school desks. Mention behavioral problems of school children.
3. Enlist the at risk mothers and at risk children. Mention specific protection of women during
pregnancy.
4. Write down the mechanism of action of Cu-T. Briefly discuss the measures for reducing
maternal mortality rate in Bangladesh.
Group B
5. Briefly discuss the stages of demographic cycle. Differentiate between developed and
developing countries in respect of demographic characteristics.
6. Enlist risk factors of NCDs. Write down the danger signals of cancer.
7. Mention diseases with fever & skin rash. Write down the prevention control measures of malaria.
8. Write down the management of acute watery diarrhea with some dehydration. Define open
case of tuberculosis with its epidemiological importance.
Group C
9. Enlist common problems due to disasters. Write down the measures for prevention of
domestic accidents.
10. Enlist the occupational hazards of agricultural workers. Mention measures for prevention
of hazards in an industry.
11. Enlist the international health agencies working in Bangladesh. Mention regions of WHO
with their headquarters.
12. Write down the activities of UNICEF in Bangladesh. Briefly discuss the functions of
management.
Group D
13. Discuss activities of health assistant.
14. Briefly discuss Alma Ata conference. PHC provides essential health care- explain.
15. Enlist common geriatric health problems. Draw an organogram of UHC with 50 beds.
16. Classify leprosy for treatment purpose with their characteristics. Write down the
epidemiological basis for eradication of poliomyelitis.

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 K-72
Full marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 30min
[Group A,B,C: Answer any 3 questions from each group]
[Group D: Answer 3 questions including question no. 1]
Group A
1. Define PHC. Mention the principles of PHC. What do you mean by emerging disease?
2. Illustrate the organogram of Upazilla Health Complex. What are the duties & responsibilities
of UHFPO?
3. What is demography? Name the processes that influence demographic change. If growth rate
of a country is 1.5%, when will the population of that country be doubled?
4. State the occupational hazards. What are the measures that can be taken for the prevention
of occupational diseases?
Group B
1. Mention the objectives of antenatal care. Who are the high-risk mothers in our society? Write
down the contraceptive methods suitable for a newly married couple.
2. List the warning signs of cancer. Describe the risk factors of cervical cancer in context of
Bangladesh.
3. Draw & label the disaster cycle. What are the factors related to increase RTA in our country?
4. What are the causes of low birth weight babies? Write down the advantages of breast
feeding.
Group C
1. What are the functions of WHO? Mention the role of UNICEF in promoting maternal & child
health.
2. Mention the signs of severe dehydration. Write down the composition and advantages of
reduced osmolarity ORS.
3. Mention the major school health problems in Bangladesh. What are the duties of school
health medical officer?
4. What are the modes of transmission of hepatitis B? Who are the chronic carriers of hepatitis
B? What advices will you give to an adult male as a hepatitis B carrier?
Group D
1. Discuss the role of community clinic in MDG achievement in context of Bangladesh.
2. Write down the prevention & control measures of filariasis. Mention the complications of
diphtheria.
3. What are the objectives of National Tuberculosis Control Program? Mention the activities of
DOTS in Bangladesh.
4. What are the common geriatric health problems? Discuss about the services provided for
elderly people in Bangladesh.

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 K-71
Full marks: 70 Time: 2 hrs 30min
[Answer any three questions from group A, B, C]
[Question no 1 of group D is compulsory and answer another one from the rest]
Group A
1. What are the components of PHC in Bangladesh? Mention the purpose of planning.
2. Classify diabetes according to WHO. List the complication of diabetes mellitus. How will you
take care of diabetic foot?
3. What is rule of halves in hypertension? Explain importance of patient compliance in
treatment of hypertension.
4. What are the common geriatric medical problems? Discuss about the care services provided
for elderly in Bangladesh.
Group B
1. Define demography. What are the processes that influence demographic change? Mention
factors influencing fertility.
2. Mention differences between disaster and accident. What measures can be taken to prevent
road traffic accident in Dhaka city?
3. What are the objectives of antenatal care? Who are considered high risk mother?
4. What are the causes of low birth weight babies? Write down the advantages of breast
feeding.
Group C
1. What are the components of infection chain? Differentiate between clinical, subclinical and
latent case. how can you protect susceptible host in a community?
2. Write down the epidemiological basis of polio eradication. What do you mean by emerging
disease? Give examples.
3. What is street virus? Discuss post exposure prophylaxis of rabies.
4. Define chronic carrier of Hepatitis B. what advices will you give to an adult male as a hepatitis
B carrier?
Group D
1. Classify different methods of contraceptives commonly used in the world with examples.
What are the merits family planning?
2. What are the functions of WHO? Mention the role of UNESCO in promoting maternal and
child health.
3. Mention the criteria of goof leader. Write in short the epidemiology of Dengue fever.

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 K-70
Answer any eight questions from Group-A.
Question no.11 is compulsory
Group-A
1. a) Classify variable.
b) Calculate mean and median value of the following observation 8, 3,7,32,26,4,10,30,9,40
2. a) State the different stages of demographic cycle with example
b) Name the fertility related statistics.
3. a) What are the iodine deficiency disorders?
b) State the WHO strategy for prevention of PEM.
4. a) Distinguish the characteristics of insect and Arachnida.
b) Outline the control measures of adult mosquito.
5. a) To estimate the magnitude of recent dengue outbreak what study design you can
apply? Mention its advantages?
b) What are the differences between incidence and prevalence
6. a) Name the different type of disinfection with example.
b) What are the differences between source and reservoir?
7. a) Classify milk borne disease.
b) Explain different methods of pasteurization.
8. a) Enlist the MCH problems in Bangladesh.
b) How can you prevent ophthalmic neonatorum.
9. a) Discuss impact of family on mother and child health.
b) Mention the complications of OCP.
10. a) Discuss biological transmission of diseases.
b) Give the differences between sand fly and mosquito.
Group B
11. In a flooded area there is outbreak of diarrhea- write the step of investigation in this case.

K-69
Total Marks: 80 Time: 2 hours 30 min
(Group A, B, C; Answer any three questions from each group.)
Group D: Answer two questions including question 1
Group-A
1. What is risk approach? Enlist high risk mother. Write down the preventive measures for LBW?
2. Mention the objectives of ANC. What are the warning signs of pregnancy? Identify the factors
behind “un-met-need” for FP.

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3. What are the measures of central tendency? If variance of a data is 16 calculate the SD.
Mention the properties of a normal distribution curve.
4. Define parameter. Mention the different methods of data collection. State the characteristics
of an ideal disinfectant.
Group-B
1. Enlist arthropod associated bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. “Malnutrition predisposes
to infection and infection to malnutrition”- justify the statement.
2. Mention the demographic process. Discuss the different stages of demographic cycle.
3. Identify the factors influencing fertility in Bangladesh. Define GRR and NRR.
4. What are ocular signs of Vit-A deficiency? Discuss possible intervention to prevent nutritional
anemia of a teen aged girl. Name six trace elements.
Group-C
1. What are the components of an infection chain? Differentiate between clinical, subclinical
and latent case. How can you protect susceptible host in a community?
2. Smoking causes lung cancer- which type of study you can choose to justify the statement and
why? State the disadvantages of this study.
3. How nutritional states of a primary school student can be assessed? What do you mean by
supplementary action of protein?
4. What are the features of a statistical table? Calculate median and mode from the given
sources of values: 7,9,11,7,6,4,13,12,9,5 and 14.
Group-D
1. Outline the steps of epidemiological investigation during outbreak of dengue fever.
2. Mention the scopes of family planning services in Bangladesh. Who are the ideal candidates
for IUCD? How milk injury can be prevented?
3. Classify disinfection with example. How can you sterilize urine, soiled bed sheet?
4. Mention the distinguishing features between mosquito and sand fly. Give the outline of
principles of arthropod control.

K-68
Total Marks: 80 Time: 2 hours 30 min
(Group A, B, C; Answer any three questions from each group.)
Group D: Answer two questions including question 1
Group-A
1. State importance of incubation period. Explain disease distribution. How can you measure
DM in a community?
2. State two aims of epidemiology. Epidemiology helps in completing natural history of disease-
justify. What is disease elimination?
3. Define reservoir. Mention common iatrogenic health problems. A study intends to find out
the etiological factors associated with Ca cervix. Draw the flow chart.
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4. Plan the study design to formulate a hypothesis regarding cholera outbreak. How terminal
disinfection is benefited for prevention of disease transmission? How can you ensure safe milk
supply in a community with in short period?
Group-B
1. Point out the objectives of ANC. Find out the social factors responsible for high MMR. How
to ensure specific health protections to a pregnant mother.
2. Mention the importance of colostrum among neonate. State the concept of bedding in. How
can you prevent high prevalence of LBW babies in Bangladesh?
3. Mention three important advantages of breast feeding. What is milk injury? How to restore
optimum health of mother during pregnancy?
4. Find out the factors affecting child health. Identify factors behind “un-met-need” for FP. Write
down the post-operative advices after male sterilization.
Group-C
1. Mention disabling effect of Iodine deficiency. State the non-calorie role of fat. How can we
prevent PEM of under 5 children?
2. Mention the role of protein in body immunity. State contributory factors for nutritional
blindness. Make a dietary plan for a community to prevent CHD.
3. What is food gap? Illustrate the web of causation regarding malnutrition in Bangladesh. How
can you prevent protein deficiency in a vegetarian community?
4. Name the contents of a table. How take a sample from a heterogeneous population?
Calculate median value from following observations 81, 79,71,95,75,77,84,90.
Group-D
1. Discuss demographic transition of world population since 1650 AD.
2. Illustrate and interpret population pyramid of LDCs. State modes of transmission of vector
borne disease.
3. Name the three wingless insects and mention diseases produced by them. Give outline of
principle of arthropod control.

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End of Fight!!

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