Prompt Paraphase

graph (chart) given line graph (or bar chart or pie chart or
table)
show illustrate (~ represent ~ depict)
information data
number (amount) figure (~quantity)
kind/ group type(~category)
in three countries in various nations including A, B and C (No. <4)
from 1990 to 2000 within the period of ten years, commencing from
1990 to 2000.
in 1999 and 2004 in two separate years 1999 and 2004

Question: The table below shows expenditures on advertising of four car companies in the UK between
2002 and 2022.

Structure: The chart below shows [type of data] in [place] in [years].

Re-write:

The chart depicts How much S+V+O In place Within the period
How many of […] years
What percentages commencing
from …to…

 The table depicts how much money four car companies spent on advertising in the UK within the
period of 20 years commencing from 2002 to 2022.

Question: The chart below shows the changes in the UK’s birth rate for women in six different age
groups from 1973 to 2008.

 The chart depicts what percentages the birth rate for women shifted in six different age groups
in the UK within the period of 35 years commencing from 1973 to 2008.

Static Graphs

=> Write 2 sentences

Sentence 1: Column >< other columns

As can be inferred from the diagram, it is obvious that [which column is the highest/ lowest]

Sentence 2: row >< other rows

Additionally, [which row has highest/ lowest figures]

New York 80 20 40

Praha 80 25 90

Paris 45 12 90

Berlin 32 8 82

Amsterdam 10 2 80

Chart Title
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
New York Praha Paris Berlin Amsterdam

Car Mass Transit Bike

PRACTICE

The pie charts show the destination of export pepper in three countries in 2010.

Vietnam Indonesia Brazil

Australia 20% 20% 22%
Latin America 38% 26% 31%
Europe 26% 25% 30%
Africa 16% 29% 18%

Overview 1: Overview 2:

#1. Column >< Other columns #1. Highest figures in 2 columns

#2. Row >< Other rows #2. Highest figures in 1 column

As can be inferred from the pie charts, it is immediately evident that Latin America was the primary
export market for Vietnamese and Brazillian pepper. Conversely, Indonesia exported most of its pepper
to African markets.

#1. Highest number in 1 column

#2. Lowest number in 1 column

#3. Compare orders with another

#4. Compare the remaining numbers

BODY 1:

#1. In Vietnam, Latin America was the largest market, while African was the smallest market of Vietnam.

#2. Similarly, in Brazil: Latin America was the highest and African was smallest

#3. For Australian market: Vietnam ~ Brazil

#4. But, for European market: Brazil > Vietnam

In Vietnam, the percentage of pepper exported to Latin America surpassed (vượt) that of other
destinations, at 38%, while Africa represents the smallest export market for Vietnamese pepper, at 16%.
A similar allocation (sự phân bổ) can be observed in Brazil, where the figures for Latin America and
Africa were 31% and 18%, respectively. Meanwhile, Vietnam and Brazil exported rather uniform
percentages of their pepper to the Australian market, at around 20%. Conversely, a larger deviation
(chênh lệch) was seen in the European market, with Vietnam exporting 26% and Brazil exporting 30%.

BODY 2:

#1. Indonesia’s pepper exports to market were similar

#2. Africa: highest

#3. Latin America ~ Europe: slightly lower

#4. Australia: lowest

As for Indonesia, the proportions of its pepper exported to various markets were relatively consistent
(tương đối ổn định). In particular, Africa was its largest market, at 29% of total pepper exports. Europe
and Latin closely followed (theo sát) , each making up (chiếm) approximately 25% each. Meanwhile,
Australia held the smallest market share for Indonesia, at 20%.

HOMEWORK
 Chart Title
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Japan Germany Korea France

No car 1 car 2 cars or more

No car 1 car 2 cars or more

Japan 47 35 16

Germany 43 32 26

Korea 30 47 22

France 26 42 26

The bar charts show the percentages of households with cars in different countries in 2001
Japan Germany Korea France
No car 47 43 30 26
1 car 35 32 47 42
2 cars or more 16 26 22 26

The bar chart depicts the proportion of households that owned cars in different countries in 2001.

As can be inferred from the bar chart, it is obvious that households without cars were most common in
Japan and Germany. In contrast, Korea and France recorded the highest percentage of households with
one car.

In Germany, the proportion of households without cars surpassed that of other categories, reaching
43%, whereas those with two cars accounted for 26%. A similar allocation can be observed in Japan,
where 47% of households did not own cars, and 16% owned two. Meanwhile, the percentages of owning
one car were quite similar in both countries, with Germany at 32% and Japan at 35%.

As for the remaining countries, Korea and France displayed a uniform percentage of households owning
one car, at 47% and 42%, respectively. Meanwhile, there was a notable difference in the percentage of
two-car households in France and Korea. In particular, France had 26%, which was 4% more than the
figure for Korea, at 22%.
 TASK 2
Introduce the theme of the essay
In contemporary society, [broad theme] has become a prominent subject of discussion due to
its significant impact on [general area of life/ academia].
Mention the specific topic of the essay
More specifically, [specific topic related to the question] raises questions about its [benefits
and drawbacks] in the context [specific field/ stituation]
Answer the question
1Vp: While this trend offers certain benefits (drawbacks), I would contend that they are eclipsed
by more significant drawbacks (benefits).
2Vps: While [less preferred view] provides certain benefits, I would contend that [ more
preferred view] is superior due to its greater benefits.
Body 1: focus on our less preferred view.
Body 2: focus on our more preferred view.
Practice: International travel is becoming cheaper and cheaper, and more countries are now
opening their doors to foreign visitors. Do you think that the advantages of this trend outweigh
the disadvantages?
 In this day and age, travelling has become a prominent subject of discussion due to its
significant impact on tourist destinations. More specifically, the rise of affordable
international travel raises questions about its benefits and drawbacks in the context
global tourism. While this trend offers certain benefits, I would contend that they are
eclipsed by more significant drawbacks.
Practice: Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a
successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss
both views and give your opinion. (2Vps)
 In this day and age, students’ choices after graduation has become a prominent subject
of discussion due to its significant impact on their career development. More
specifically, the decision between obtaining a university degree and entering the
workforce directly raises questions about its benefits. While starting a career
immediately provides certain benefits. I would contend that pursuing tertiary education
is superior due to its greater benefits.
 In conclusion, although starting a job immediately has its benefits, I firmly believe that
pursuing tertiary education offers greater long-term advantages.
Body 1: immediate employment => benefits of joining the labor market
Body 2: higher education => benefits of attending college
More and more students are choosing to study at colleges and universities in a foreign country.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
 In contemporary society, [studying abroad] has become a prominent subject of
discussion due to its significant impact on [students’ academic development]. More
specifically, [pursuing higher education in a foreign country ] raises questions about its
benefits and drawbacks. While this trend offers certain drawbacks, I would contend that
they are eclipsed by more significant benefits.
Body 1: international education => disadvantages of studying overseas
Body 2: international education => advantages of studying abroad.

HOW TO WRITE BODY PARAGRAPHS

Body 1: Summarize our less preferred view.
- Starting with a topic sentence: On the one hand, it is sensible (hợp lí) why some people
advocate (ủng hộ) the idea that [less preferred view]
Body 2: Present and explain for our more preffered view
- Starting with a topic sentence: On the other hand, I firmly contend that [more preferred
view] offers greater advantages/ disadvantages.
Example: online classes and traditional classes
 The benefits of online classes
Main idea 1: More flexible in terms of time and locations
Main idea 2: More affordable and accessible to a range of people
Main idea 3: More diverse learning resources and multimedia tools

- Main idea 1:
Why: Student can participate in lectures from any place and at any time, as long as
they have internet access.
Main idea: More flexible in terms of time and locations
Result: Students can balance their studies with other commitments.
Example: Students in Vietnamese rural areas can access quality education from
developed metropolises.
Reversal: If not students are required to attend classes at fixed schedules and
locations, which can be inconnenient.
Firstly, since students can participate in lectures from any place and at any time, as
long as they have internet access, online classes offer greater flexibility in terms of
time and locations. Students in Vietnamese rural areas are a case in point (ví dụ điển
hình), as they can access quality education from developed metropolises with the
 Internet. As a result, they can balance their studies with other commitments. In
contrast, traditional classes required students to attend classes at fixed schedules
and locations, which can be inconnenient.

- Main idea 2:
Why: Online classes often eliminate the need for commuting, physical textbooks,
other expenses.
Main idea: More affordable and accessible to a range of people
Result: enable individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to pursue
education and skill development
Example: accommodation or campus fees
- Main idea 3:
Why: Due to the internet connection
Main idea: More diverse learning resources and multimedia tools
Result: enhance students’ understanding and retention of knowledge
Example: recorded lectures, e-books, interactive quizzes, and online discussion
forums

Firstly, since students can participate in lectures from any place and at any time, as
long as they have internet access, online classes offer greater flexibility in terms of
time and locations. Students in Vietnamese rural areas are a case in point (ví dụ điển
hình), as they can access quality education from developed metropolises with the
Internet. As a result, they can balance their studies with other commitments. In
contrast, traditional classes required students to attend classes at fixed schedules
and locations, which can be inconnenient.
Secondly, Online classes often eliminate the need for commuting, physical
textbooks, other expenses, such as accomodation or campus fees, making them
more affordable and accessible to a range of people. Therefore, they enable
individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to pursue education and skill
development.
Finally, with an internet connection, online classes provide a variety of learning
resources and multimedia tools, among which recorded lectures, e-books,
interactive quizzes, and online discussion forums are typical example. This serves as
a foundation for (điều này đóng vai trò như một nền tảng cho) enhancing students’
understanding and retention of knowledge.
HOMEWORK
Practice: Some think that the newly build houses should follow the style of the old
houses to the local areas, while others think that people should have freedom to
build houses of their own styles. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Individual freedom
Main idea 1: Reflect the owners’ personality
 Why: freely select a specific architectural style
Ex: layout and interior design
Re.: create interesting and dynamic community
Main idea 2: Foster innovation and modemization
Why: incorporate energy-efficient features and environmentally friendly materials
Ex: recycle steel of solar energy
Re: preserve the ecosystem

Traditional style
Main idea 1: Preserve cultural heritage
Why: Traditional houses reflect the history and cultural heritage of a community
Ex: Hallstatt Village or Osaka
Re: Tourism and economic benefits
Main idea 2: Promote community cohesion
Why: Consistent designs are more stable with unified architectural character
Ex: Hoi An
Re: foster a stronger pride and community identity.

In the day and age, [design of buildings] has become a prominent subject of discussion due to
its significant impact on [houses’ visual appeal]. More specifically, [the choice between
following traditional styles or applying contemporary designs] raises questions about its
benefits and drawbacks. While [less preferred view] provides certain benefits, I would contend
that [ more preferred view] is superior due to its greater benefits….
On the one hand, it is sensible (hợp lí) why some people advocate (ủng hộ) the idea that newly
built houses should follow traditional architectural styles. Firstly, traditional houses reflect the
history and cultural heritage of a community, playing a crucial role in preseriving cultural
heritage. Osaka in Japan is a typical example,