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STUDY NOTE 7ad CELLS

Cells are the fundamental units of life, capable of independent replication, and are classified into animal and plant cells, each with distinct features. Key components include the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and in plant cells, additional structures like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. Differences between plant and animal cells include the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plant cells, as well as variations in shape, rigidity, and size.

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5 views2 pages

STUDY NOTE 7ad CELLS

Cells are the fundamental units of life, capable of independent replication, and are classified into animal and plant cells, each with distinct features. Key components include the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and in plant cells, additional structures like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. Differences between plant and animal cells include the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plant cells, as well as variations in shape, rigidity, and size.

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7Ad.

CELLS

A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently and they are often called the building blocks
of life. They are too small and need a microscope to be seen. They are the structural and functional units of all
living organisms.

Most school microscopes can magnify (enlarge) up to about 400 times. But the electron microscope can
magnify about 500,000 times by using beams of electrons where the image appears on the TV screen.

Common features present inside the animal cell & plant cell:

• Nucleus- The nucleus is known as the control centre of a cell. It controls and regulates the
activities of the cell and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary/inheritance
information (information about a person’s nature, characteristics, outlook that are transmitted
from parents to offspring/children).
• Cytoplasm- It is a jelly like, colorless fluid that fills the cell. Lots of chemical reactions
take place here.
• Cell membrane- It is the thin membrane that surrounds every living cell. It maintains the
transport of materials entering and exiting the cell. It is a partially permeable membrane.

• Mitochondria- Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of a cell. This is where respiration


occurs. It stores energy in the form of ATP. Cells that have a high demand of energy, such as
muscle cells, have a higher number of mitochondria.
Additional features present inside the plant cell along with their functions:

• Cell wall- It is a structural layer just outside the cell membrane. Cell wall is made up of cellulose
and is fully permeable. It gives the cell strength.
• Chloroplast- It is a special structure in the cytoplasm. It contains a green pigment called
chlorophyll, which traps sunlight to help the plant make food by the process called
photosynthesis.
• Vacuole- This is a large sac filled with a watery liquid called cell sap. When the sac is full it helps
the cell to stay firm. It can also store materials temporarily.

Cell Staining: This is a technique that can be used to better visualize cells & cell components under a
microscope. In other words, we can say cells are stained to make them easier to see.

Differences between plant cell & animal cell:

Plant cell Animal cell


1. It contains thick cellulose cell wall. 1. Cell wall is absent in animal cell.
2. It has a regular shape. 2. It has an irregular shape.
3. It is more rigid. 3. It is less rigid.
4. Its nucleus is near the edge/corner. 4. Its nucleus is in the middle/at the center.
5. It can make its own food. 5. It cannot make its own food.
6. It is generally bigger than animal cell. 6. It is generally smaller than plant cell.
7. It contains chloroplast containing chlorophyll. 7. It does not contain chloroplast.
8. It always contain a large, permanent vacuole. 8. it contains small, temporary vacuoles.

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