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ISC Class12 Solutions Full Chapter

The document provides comprehensive notes on the chapter 'Solutions' for ISC Class 12 Chemistry, covering definitions, types of solutions, concentration terms, and key laws such as Henry's Law and Raoult’s Law. It also discusses colligative properties and the concept of abnormal molar mass. Important exam points highlight the dependence of colligative properties on particle number and the behavior of electrolytes.

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79 views6 pages

ISC Class12 Solutions Full Chapter

The document provides comprehensive notes on the chapter 'Solutions' for ISC Class 12 Chemistry, covering definitions, types of solutions, concentration terms, and key laws such as Henry's Law and Raoult’s Law. It also discusses colligative properties and the concept of abnormal molar mass. Important exam points highlight the dependence of colligative properties on particle number and the behavior of electrolytes.

Uploaded by

tahseenbeg96
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ISC Class 12 Chemistry

Chapter: Solutions

Complete Notes for Board Preparation

This PDF contains detailed theory of Solutions chapter including definitions, laws, formulas and key
exam points.
1. Definition & Basics
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The component present in larger
amount is called solvent and the other is solute.

Types of Solutions:
• Saturated Solution
• Unsaturated Solution
• Supersaturated Solution
2. Concentration Terms
Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution (L)
Molality (m) = Moles of solute / Mass of solvent (kg)
Mole Fraction (χ) = Moles of component / Total moles
Mass % = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100
3. Henry's Law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to pressure.
P = kH × x

4. Raoult’s Law
Partial pressure = Mole fraction × Vapour pressure
P■ = x■P■■
5. Colligative Properties
• Relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Elevation in boiling point (∆Tb = Kb × m)
• Depression in freezing point (∆Tf = Kf × m)
• Osmotic pressure (π = CRT)
6. Abnormal Molar Mass
Occurs due to association or dissociation.
Van’t Hoff factor (i) = Observed / Normal molar mass

Important Exam Points:


• Colligative properties depend on number of particles.
• Electrolytes show abnormal behaviour.
• Vapour pressure decreases with solute.

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