IIIVI~-'-""E:IVI~-'-IC:;~ II

TARGET lIT JEE 2012

•
XIII (VXY)
•

CONIC SECTION
(PARABOLA, ELLIPSE & HYPERBOLA)

PARABOLA
KEY CONCEPT Page-2
EXERC IS E-I Page -5
EX E R CI SE-II ..•.... Page -6
EX E R CIS E-ll I........ Page -8
•
ELLIPSE
KEY CONCEPT Page -10
EXERCISE-I Page -13
EXERCISE-II Page -15
EX ERCI SE-III .....•......................................................... Page -17

HYPERBOLA
KE Y CONCEPT Page -19
t.'X E R CIS E-I Page -24
EX E R CIS E-II Page -25
EXERCISE-III .......•....................................................... Page -26

ANSIVER KEy Page -30

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 PARABOLA
KEY CONCEPTS
I. CONIC SECTIONS:
A conic section, or conic is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that its distance from a lixed
point is in a constant ratio to its perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line. •
The fixed point is called the Focus.
The fixed straight line is called the Dllu:cnux.
•
The constant ratio is called the ECCE~TRICITYdenoted bye.
The line passing through the focus & perpendicular to the directrix is called the AXIs.
A point of intersection ofa conic with its axis is called a VERTEX.

2. GENERAL EQUATION OF A CONIC: FOCAL DIRECTRIX PROPERTY:

The general equation of a conic with focus (p, q) & directrix Ix + my + n = 0 is:
(12 + m2) [(x - p)2 + (y - qj2] = e2 (Ix + my + n)2 '" ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy +c =0
3. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE CONIC:
The nature ofthe conic section depends upon the position of the focus S w.r.t. the directrix & also upon
the value of the eccentricity e. Two different cases arise.
CASE (I) : WilEN Tm: Focus LIES ON Tm: DIRECTRIX.
In this case D '" abc + 2fgh - afl- bg2 - ch2 = 0 & the general equation of a conic represents a pair of
straight lines if:
e> I the lines will be real & distinct intersecting at S.
e = I the lines will coincident.
e < 1 the lines will be imaginary.
•
CASE (II) : WilEN Tm: Focus DOES NOT LIE ON DIRECTilIX. •
a parabola an ellipse a hyperbola rectangular hyperbola
e = I; D * 0, 0 < e < 1; D * 0; e> I; D * 0; e>I;D*O
~=~ h'<~ h'>~ h' > ab ; a + b = 0
4. PARABOLA: DEFINITION:
A parabola is the locus of a point which moves in a plane, such that its distance from a fixed point (focus)
is equal to its perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line (directrix).
Standard equation of a parabola is y2 = 4ax. For this parabola:
(i) Vertex is (0, 0) (ii) focus is (a, 0) (iii)Axis is y = 0 (iv) Directrix is x + a = 0
FOCAL DISTANCE :
The distance of a point on the parabola from the focus is called the FOCAl. DIS'I:\NCEOFTm: POINT.
FOCAL CHORD :
A chord of the parabola, which passes through the focus is called a FOCALCIIORD.
DOUBLE ORDINATE:
A chord of the parabola perpendicular to the axis of the symmetry is called a DOUBLEORDINATE.
LATUS RECTUM:
A double ordinate passing through the focus or a focal chord pcrpendicular to the axis of parabola is
called the [Link] y2 = 4ax.
•
• Length of the latus rectum = 4a.
• ends of the latus rectum are L(a, 2a) & L' (a, - 2a).
Note that: (i) Perpendicular distance from focus on directrix = half the latus rectum.
(ii) Vertex is middle point of the focus & the point of intersection of directrix & axis.
(iii) Two parabolas are laid to be equal if they have the same latus rectum.
Four standard forms of the parabola are y2 = 4ax ; y2 = - 4ax ; x2 = 4ay ; x2 = - 4ay

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [2/

 5. POSITION OF A POINT RELATIVE TOAPARABOLA:
The point (XI YI) lies outside, on or inside the parabola y2 = 4ax according as the expression
yl2 - 4axl is positive, zero or negative.
6. LINE&A PARABOLA:
The line y = lUX + c meets the parabola y2 = 4ax in two points real, coincident or imaginary according as
a
a> c m ~ condition of tangency is, c =-.
< m

7. Length of the chord intercepted by the parabola on the line y= mx + c is: (n~2 )~a(l + m2)(a - mc) .
Note: length of the focal chord making an angle a with the x- axis is 4aCosec2a.
8. PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION:
The simplest & the best form of representing the co-ordinates ofa point on the parabola is (at2, 2at).
2
The equations x = at & y = 2at together represents the parabola y2 = 4ax, t being the parameter. The
equation of a chord joining tl & t2 is 2x - (tl + t ) y + 2 at t = O.
2 l 2
Note: If the chord joining tl, t2 & t3, t4 pass through a point (c. 0) on the axis, then t t = t t = _ cIa.
l 2 34
9. TANGENTS TO THE PARABOLAy2 = 4ax :
(i) yYI=2a(x+xl)atthepoint(xpYI) ; (ii) y = mx +- a (m •• 0) at (a-2-'- 2a)
m m m
(iii) t y = x + a t2 at (at2,2at).
Point of intersection of the tangents at the point t & t is [at t . a(t + t ) ].
Note:
l 2 l z l z
10. NORMALS TO THE PAI{ABOLA y2 = 4ax :

(i) y - y, = - ~(x
2a
- xI) at (XI. YI); (ii) y = mx - 2am - am3 at (am2. - 2am); (iii) y + tx = 2at + at3 at (atz. 2at).

Note: Point of intersection i

of normals at tl & tz are, a (t + q + t t + 2) ; - a t t (t + t ).
l z l z l z
II. THREEVERYIMPORTANTRESULTS:
(a) Iftl & t2 are the ends ofa focal chord of the parabola y2= 4ax then t t = -I. Hence the co-ordinates

at the extremities of a focal chord can be taken as (at2. 2at) & L~'-
l 2

2 a) .
t
(b) If the normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax at the point tl. meets the parabola again at the point t , then
z
tz=-(t'+t~}
(e) If the normals to the parabolay2 =4ax at the points tl & tz intersect again on the parabola at the point 't '
3
then t, tz = 2; t3 = - (tl + tz) and the line joining tl & tz passes through a fixed point (-2a. 0).
General Note:
(i) Len!,'1hof sub tangent at any point p(x, y) on the parabola y2= 4ax equals twice the abscissa of the point
P. Note that the subtangent is bisected at the vertex.
(ii) Lt:ngth of subnormal is constant for all points on the parabola & is equal to the semi latus rectum.
(iii) If a family of straight lines can be represented by an equation AZP+ AQ + R = 0 where A is a parameter
and 1', Q, R are linear functions ofx and y then the family oflines will be tangent to the curve QZ = 4 PRo
12. The equation to the pair of tangents which can be drawn ITom any point (x I y I) to the parabola y2= 4ax
is given by: SS I = TZ where : .
S",yZ-4ax SI=y,Z-4axl T"'yYI-2a(x+x ).
l
13. DIRECTOR CIRCLE:
Locus of the point of intersection of the perpendicular tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax is called the
DUlECfOll Cmcu:.lt's equation is x + a = 0 which is parabola's own directrix.

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola)

[3/
14. CHORDOFCONTACT:
Equation to the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point P(x, y I) is yy 1 = 2a (x + xI)'
Remember that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents from the point (x I y I) & the chord of
contact is (y ,2 - 4ax,)312 -7 2a. Also note that the chord of contact exists only if the point P is not inside.

15. CHORD WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT:

Equation of the chord of the parabola y' = 4ax whose middle point is

(xI YI)isy-y,= 2a (X-XI)' This reduced to T=SI

• YI
where T '" y YI- 2a (x + XI) & SI '" yl2 -4axl.

16. DIAMETER:
The locus of the middle points of a system of parallel chords of a Parabola is called a DL\~[Link]
to the diameter of a parabola is y = 2a1m, where m = slope of parallel chords.
Note:
(i) The tangent at the extremity ofa dianleter of a parabola is parallel to the system of chords it bisects.
(ii) The tangent at the ends of any chords of a parabola meet on the diameter which bisects the chord.
17. IMPORTANT HIGHLIGHTS:
(a) If the tangent & normal at any point 'P' of the parabola intersect the axis at T & G then
ST = SG = SP where 'S' is the focus. In other words the tangent and the normal at a point P on the
parabola are the bisectors of the angle between the focal radius SP & the perpendicular from P on the
directrix. From this we conclude that all rays emanating from S will become parallel to the axis of the
parabola after reflection.
(b) 111eportion of a tangent to a parabola cut offbetween the directrix & the curve subtends a right angle at
the focus.
(c) The tangents at the extremities of a focal chord intersect at right angles on the directrix, and hence a
circle on any focal chord as diameter touches the directrix.
(d) Any tangent to a parabola & the perpendicular on it from the focus meet on the tangtent at the vertex.
(e) If the tangents at P and Q meet in T, then:
• TP and TQ subtend equal angles at the focus S.
• ST2 = SP. SQ & • The triangles SPT and STQ are similar.
(1) Tangents and NOffimls at the extremities ofthe latus rectum of a parabola
y2 = 4ax constitute a square, their points of intersect ion being (-a, 0) & (3 a, 0).
(g) Semi latus rectum of the parabola y' = 4ax, is the harmonic mean between segments of any focal chord

of the parabola is ; 2a = 2bc i.e.'!" +.!.. =.!...

b+c b c a
(h) The circle circumscribing the triangle formed by any three tangents to a parabola passes through the focus.
(i) The orthocentre of any triangle formed by three tangents to a parabola y2 = 4ax lies on the directrix &
has the co-ordinates - a, a (t I + t2 + t3 + t 1 th).
(j) 111e area of the triangle formed by three points on a parabola is twice the area of the triangle formed by
the tangents at these points.
(k) If normal drawn to a parabola passes through a point P(h, k) then
k = mh - 2am - am3 i.e. am3 + m(2a - h) + k = O.
. 2a - h k
Thenglvesml+m2+m3=0; m1m2+m2m3+m3m,=-- ;m1m2m3=--. whereml.m2.&
a a
In3 are the slopes of the three concurrent normals. Note that the algebraic SUIn ofthe:
• slopes of the three concurrent nOffilals is zero.
• ordinates of the three conormal points on the parabola is zero.
• Centroid ofthe 6 formed by three co-normal points lies on the x-axis.

Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /4J

 EXERCISE-I
Q.l Show that the normals at the points (4a, 4a) & at the upper end of the latus ractum of the parabola
y2 = 4ax intersect on the same parabola.

Q.2 Prove that the locus of the middle point of portion of a normal to y2 = 4ax intercepted between the curve
& the axis is another parabola. Find the vertex & the latus rectum ofthe second parabola.

Q.3 Find the equations of the tangents to the parabola y2= 16x,which are parallel & perpendicular respectively
to the line 2x - y + 5 = [Link] also the coordinates of their points of contact.

Q.4 Find the equations of the tangents of the parabola y2= 12x, which passes through the point (2,5). Also
find the point of contact.

Q.5 Through the vertex 0 of a parabola y2= 4x, chords OP & OQ are drawn at right angles to one
another. Show that for all positions ofP, PQ cuts the axis of the parabola at a fixed point. Also find the
locus of the middle point ofPQ.

Q.6 Three normals to y2= 4x pass through the point (15, 12). Show that ifone of the normals is given by
y = x - 3 & find the equations of the others.

7
Q. Find the equations of the chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax which pass through the point (--{ia,0) and
which subtends an angle of 45° at the vertex.

Q.8 Through the vertex 0 ofthe parabola y2=4ax, a perpendicular is drawn to any tangent meeting it at P
& the parabola at Q. Show that OP . OQ = constant.

Q.9 '0' is the vertex of the parabola y2 = 4ax & L is the upper end of the latus rectum. IfLH is drawn
perpendicular to OL meeting OX in H, prove that the length of the double ordinate through H is 4a 15.

'[Link] The normal at a point P to the parabola y2= 4ax meets its axis at G. Q is another point on the parabola
such that QG is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola. Prove that QG2 _ PG2 = constant.

[Link] If the normal at P(l8, 12) to the parabola y2= 8x cuts it again at Q, show that 9PQ = [Link] .

Q.12 Prove that, the normal to y2= l2x at (3,6) meets the parabola again in (27, -18) & circle on this nonnal
chord as diameter is x2 + y2 - 30x + l2y - 27 = O.

Q.13 Find the equation ofthe circle which passes through the focus of the parabola x2 =4y & touches itat the
point (6,9).

Q.14 PQ, a variable chord of the parabola y2=4x subtends aright angle at the vertex. The tangents at P and
Q meet at T and the normals at those points meet at N. If the locus of the mid point of TN is a parabola,
then find its latus rectwn.

Q.15 A tangent is drawn to the parabola y2 = 48x which makes an angle of 30° with the axis of x.
Find the distance between the tangent and a parallel nomlal.

COllic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [5/

Q.16 From the point P(h, k) three normals are drawn to the parabola x2 = 8y and m" m2 and m3 are the
slopes of three normals
(a) Find the algebaric sum ofthe slopes of these three normals.
(b) [ftwo of the three normals are at right angles then the locus of point P is a conic, find the latus rectum of
conic.
(c) If the two normals from P are such that they make complementary angles with the axis then the locus of
point P is a conic, find a directrix of conic.

Q.17 A variable circle passes through the point A(2, I) and touches the x-axis. Locus of the other end of the
diameter through A is a parabola.
(a) Find the length ofthe latus rectum of the parabola.
(b) Find the coordinates of the foot of the directrix of the parabola.
(c) The two tangents and two normals at the extremities of the latus rectum of the parabola constitutes a
quadrilateral. Find area of quadrilateral.

Q.18 A fixed parabolayZ=4ax touches a variable parabola. Find the equation to the locus of the vertex of the
variable parabola. Assume that the two parabolas are equal and the axis of the variable parabola remains
parallel to the x-axis.

Q.19 Find the condition on 'a' & 'b' so that the two tangents drawn to the parabola y2= 4ax from a point are
normals to the parabola x2 = 4by. (lIIustration. Notc them carcfully)

Q.20 Show that the circle through three points the normals at which to the parabola y2= 4ax are concurrent at
the point (h, k) is 2(x2 + y2) - 2(h + 2a) x - ky = O. (Rcmcmbcr this rcsult)

EXERCISE-II
Q.I Tangents are drawn to the parabola y2= 12x at the points A, B and C such that the three tangents
form a triangle PQR. If8" 82 and 83 be the inclinations of these tangents with the axis of x such that
their cotangents form an arithmetical progression (in the same order) with common difference 2.
Find the area of the triangle PQR.

Q.2 In the parabola y2= 4ax, the tangent at the point P,whose abscissa is equal to the latus ractum meets the
axis in T & the normal at P cuts the parabola again in Q. Prove that PT: PQ =4: 5.

Q.3 Two tangents to the parabola y2= 8x meet the tangent at its vertex in the points I' & Q. If
PQ = 4 units, prove that the locus of the point of the intersection of the two tangents is yZ = 8 (x + 2).

-
Q.4 Two straight lines one being a tangent to y2= 4ax and the other to x2 = 4by are right angles. Find the
locus oftheir point of intersection.

LetA(atf ,2a(1) ; B (atL2at2) ; C(at~ ,2a(3) be three points on the parabolayZ =4ax. If the orthoccntre

I
of the triangle ABC is at the focus, then find tl +t2 +t3 +tht3 +th +t2t3 +t3tll.
Q.6 A variable chord of the parabola y2 = 8x touches the parabola y2 = 2x. The the locus of the point of
intersection of the tangent at the end of the chord is a parabola. Find its latus rectum.

Conic Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) {6{

Q.7 Show that the nonnals at two suitable distinct real points on the parabola y2 = 4ax (a> 0) intersect at a
point on the parabola whose abscissa> 8a.

Q.8 PC is the normal at l' to the parabola y2 = 4ax, C being on the axis. CI' is produced outwards to Q so
that I'Q = CI'; show that the loeus ofQ is a parabola.

Q.9 A quadrilateral is inscribed in a parabola y2 = 4ax and three of its sides pass through fixed points on the
..----- axis. Show that the fourth side also passes through fixed point on the axis of the parabola.

[Link] Let l' (a, b) and Q (e, d) are the two points on the parabola y2 = 8x such that the nonnals at them meet
in (18, 12). Find the product (abcd).

[Link] PQ is a variable chord of the parabola y2 = 4x such that its projection on a line with gradient unity
has a magnitude equal to I [Link] locus of the middle point of I'Q has the equation
(y2 - 4x)(y + 2)2 + Ie = 0 where I, E N, then find Ie.

Q.12 Prove that the locus of the centre of the eircle, whieh passes through the vertex ofthe parabola y2 = 4ax
& through its intersection with a normal chord is 2y2 = ax - a2.

-I I
Q.13 The equation of two tangents to a parabola are LI : y + 3 = :3 (x + I) and L2: y - 4 = "4 (x + 1)

and one more tangent at the vertex is L3 : x + I = O. The straight line L : y - 3 = m ( x - ~). m '" 0

is a variable ehord of the parabola.

(a) Find the minimum length of the focal chord of the parabola.
(b) Find the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents drawn at the extremities of the variable chord 1..
IC) If L' is the family oflines perpendicular to the variable chord L which are passing through the point of
concurrency of L, then find the locus of the middle point of point of intersection of L' with directrix of
the parabola and point of concurrency of L'.

Q.14 TI' and TQ are two tangents to the parabola y2 = 8x such that the nonnals at the points l' and Q intersect
the eurve at R.
(a) Find the locus of the middle points of the chord I'Q.
(b) The chord I'Q always passes through a fixed point I'. Find the distance of F from the focus of the given
parabola.
(c) Find the locus of the centre o I'the circle eircumscribing the trianle TI'Q.

Q.15 Two equal parabolas 1'1and 1'2 have their vertices at V 1(0,4) and V z<6, 0) respectively. PI and 1'2are
tangent to each other and have vertical axcs ofsymmctry.
(a) Find the sum of the abscissa and ordinate ofthcir point of contact.
(b) Find the lenb>thoflatus rectwn.
(c) Find the area of the region enclosed by 1'1'1'2 and the x-axis.

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [7[

 EXERCISE-Ill
Q.I Find the locus of the points of intersection of tangents drawn at the ends of all normal chords of the
parabolay2=8(x-I). [REE'200],3]

Q.2(i) The equation of the common tangent touching the circle (x - 3)2+ y2= 9 and the parabola y2= 4x above
the x - axis is
(A) J'jy=3x+] (B) J'jy=-(x+3) (C) J'jy=x+3 (D) J'jy=-(3x+ I)
(ii) The equation of the directrix of the parabola, y2+4y+4x+2=0 is
(A)x=-I (B)x= 1 (C)x=-3/2 (D)x=3/2
[JEE'200 I(Scr), 1+]]

Q.3 The locus of the mid-point of the line segment joining the focus to a moving point on the parabola
y2=4ax is another parabola with directrix [JEE'2002 (Scr.), 3]
(A)x=-a (B)x=-a/2 (C)x=O (D)x=a/2

Q.4 The equation of the common tangent to the curves y2= 8x and xy = -I is [JEE'2002 (Scr), 3]
(A) 3y = 9x + 2 (B) Y= 2x + I
(C)2y=x+8 (D)y=x+2

Q.5(i) The slope of the focal chords of the parabola y2 = ]6x which are tangents to the circ Ie
(x - 6)2 + y2 = 2 are
(A)", 2 (B) - 1/2, 2 (C)", I (D)-2,1/2
[JEE'2003, (Scr.)]
(ii) Nonnals are drawn from the point ;1" with slopes ml' m2, m3 to the parabolay2=[Link]' with
m I m2 = a is a part of the parabola itself then find a. [JEE 2003, 4 out of 60]

Q.6 The angle between the tangents drawn from the point (1,4) to the parabola y2=4x is
(A)~ (B)~ ~~ (~~

Q.7 Let I' be a point on the parabola y2 - 2y - 4x + 5 = 0, such that the tangent on the parabola at I'
intersects the directrix at point Q. Let R be the point that divides the line segment I'Q externally in the

ratio ~:]. Find the locus ofR. [JEE 2004, 4 out of60]
2
Q.8(i) TIle axis of parabola is along the line y = x and the distance of vertex from origin is J2 and that of origin
from its focus is 2J2 .Ifvertex and focus both lie in the 151 quadrant, then the equation of the parabola is
(A) (x + yj2 = (x - y - 2) (B) (x - y)2 = (x + y - 2)
(C)(x - y)2 = 4(x + Y- 2) (D)(x - y)2 = 8(x + y - 2) [JEE 2006, 3]
2
(ii) The equations of common tangents to the parabola y = x and y = - (x - 2)2 is/are
(A)y=4(x-l) (B)y=O (C)y=-4(x-l) (D)y=-30x-50
[JEE 2006, 5]
(iii) Match the following
Normals are drawn at points P, Q and R lying on the parabola y2= 4x which intersect at (3, 0). Then
(A) Area of ~I'QR (p) 2
(B) Radius of circumcircle of ~I'QR (q) 5/2
(C) Centroid of ~I'QR (r) (5/2,0)
(D) Circumcentre of ~PQR (s) (2/3,0) [JEE 2006, 6]

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /8/

 2
Q.9 Statement-I: Thecurvey= -; +x+ I issymmetricwithrespecttothelinex= 1.

because
Statement-2: A parabola is symmetric about its axis.
(A) Statement-! is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is correct cxplanation for statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I.
(C) Statement-I is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-I is false, statement-2 is true. [lEE 2007, 4]

Comprehension: (3 questions)
[Link] Consider the circle x2 + y2 = 9 and the parabola y2 = 8x. They intersect at P and Q in the first and the
fourth quadrants, respectively. Tangents to the circle at P and Q intersect the x-axis at R and tangents to
the parabola at P and Q intersect the x-axis at S.
(i) The ratio of the areas of the triangles PQS and PQR is
(A) I : J2 (8) I : 2 (C) 1 : 4 (D) I : 8

(ii) TIle radius of the circumcircle ofthe triangle PRS is

(A) 5 (B) 313 (C) 3J2 (0)213
(iii) The radius of the incircle of the triangle PQR is
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 8/3 (D)2
[lEE 2007,4+4+4]
[Link] The tangent PT and the non11alPN to the parabolay2 =4ax at a point P on it meet its axis at points T and
N, respectively. The locus of the centroid of the triangle PTN is a parabola whose

2a )
(A) vertex is ( 3"' 0 (8) directrix is x = 0

2a
(C) latus rectum is 3" (D) focus is (a, 0) [lEE 2009, 4]

Q.12 LetA and B be two distinct point on the parabolayl =[Link] axis of the parabola touches a circle of
radius r havingA8 as its diameter, then the slope of the linejoiningAand 8 can be
-I 2-2
(A) - (B) - (C) - (D) - [JEE 2010, 3]
r r r r
Q.13(a) Let (x, y) be any point on the parabola y2= 4x. Let P be the point that divides the line segment from (0,
0) to (x, y) in the ratio 1 : 3. Then the locus ofP is
(A)x2=y (8)yl=2x (C)yl=x (D)x2=2y
(b) Let L be a nOl11lalto the parabola yl = 4x. If L passes through the point (9, 6), then L is given by
(A)y-x+3=0 (B)y+3x-33=0 (C)y+x-15=O (D)y-2x+12=0
(c) Consider the parabola y2 = 8x. Let "'I be the area of the triangle formed by the end points of its

latus rectum and the point P (~, 2) on the parabola, and "'2 be the area of the triangle formed by

drawing tangents at P and at the end points ofthe latus rectum. Then t'" is
2
[JEE 2011, 3+4+4]

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /9/

 ELLIPSE
KEY CONCEPTS
I. STANDARD EQUATION & DEFINITIONS:
2 2
Standard equation of an ellipse referred to its principal axes along the co-ordinate axes is ~ + L = ].
2
a b2
Where a> b & b2 = a2(] - e2) =:> a2 - b2 = a2 e2. y
Where e = eccentricity (0 < e < ]).
FOCI: S '" (a e 0) & S' '" (- a eO). 13 (O,b)
L
EQUATIONS 'oF DIRECTRICES:
a
x=- & x
e
=_.':. A' (ae,O) /\
x
e z' (-a,O) C 0, 0) S (a,O) z

VERTICES:
L'I L'
O' (O,-b)
A''''(-a,O) & A"'(a,O). x=-A x=J!
e . e

MAJORAXIS:
The line segment A' Ain which the foci
S' & S lie is oflength 2a & is called the major axis (a> b) of the ellipse. Point of intersection of major
axis with directrix is called the foot of the directrix (z),
MINORAXIS:
The y-axis intersects the ellipse in the points B' '" (0, - b) & B '" (0, b). The line segment B'B oflength
2b (b < a) is called the Minor Axis of the ellipse.
PRINCIPALAXIS:
The major & minor axis together are called I'rincipal Axis ofthe ellipse.
CENTRE:
The point which bisects every chord of the conic drawn through it is called the centre of the conic.
2 2
C '" (0,0) the origin is the centre of the ellipse ~ + L = ].
a2 b2
DIAMETER:
A chord of the conic which passes through the centre is called a diameter of the conic.
FOCAL CHORD: A chord which passes through a focus is called a focal chord.

DOUBLE ORDINATE:
A chord perpendicular to the major axis is called a double ordinate.
LATUS RECTUM:
The focal chord perpendicular to the major axis is called the hltus rectum. Length oflatus rectum
2b2 (minor axis)2 , . ., . .
(LL') =- = . . = 2a(1- e-) = 2e (dIstance lrom locus to the correspondmg dIrectrix)
a I//{/jor aXIs

NOTE:
(i) The sum of the focal distances of any point on the ellipse is equal to the major Axis. Hence distance of
focus Irom the extremity of a minor axis is equal to semi major axis. i.e. BS = CA.
22.
(ii) If the equation of the ellipse is given as ~ + L = I & nothing is mentioned. then the mle is to assume
a2 b2
that a> b.

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 1101

2. POSITION OF A [Link] ELLIPSE:
Z Z
The point P(x1 YI) lies outside, inside or on the ellipse according as; x1Z + YIZ -I > < or = O.
. a b
3. AUXILIARY CIRCLE / ECCENTRIC ANGLE: y
A circle described on major axis as diameter is """""9 ..
called the auxiliary circle. / I' ".
Let Q be a point on the auxiliary circle xZ + yZ = aZ / \
such that QP produced is perpendicular to the x-axis x
(-a.O)A' ,
then l' & Q are called as the COIUu:sPoNnl;';G P(lI;';TS ,
on the ellipse & the auxiliary circle respectively '0' is
.........•.............
called the ECCE1'o,IlIC
A:"GI.I:of the point P on the ellipse
e
(0 ~ < 2 1t).
t(PN) b Semi minor axis
Note that =- = . .
t(QN) a Sen/l major axis
Hence "I!"from each point ofa circle perpendiculars are drawn upon a fixed diameter then the locus of
the points dividing these perpendiculars in a given ratio is an ellipse of which the given circle is the
auxiliary circle".
4. PARAMETRIC REI)RESENTATION:
Z Z
Th'eequatlonsx=acos e'&y=bsIllO .
together rcpresent theeliJpse x
-;r+ ~z = I .
v

Where e
is a parameter. Note that if 1'(8) '" (a cos e, b sin e) is on the ellipse then
Q(O) '" (a cos 8, a sin e) is on the auxiliary circle.
5. L1NEANDAN ELLIPSE:
xZ yZ
lbe line y= mx +c meets the ellipse 2 +2 = I in two points real. coincident or imaginary according
a b

xZ /
Hence y = mx + c is tangent to the ellipse 2 +2 = I if CZ = aZmz + bZ.
a b
The equation to the chord of the ellipsc joining two points with eccentric angles a & [l is given by
x a+p y. a+p a-p
-cOS--+-SIll--=COS-- .
a 2 b 2 2
6. TANGENTS:

(i) XXI yYI' h II'

-z-+-b z =1 Istangenttot ee Ipse at ([Link])'
a Z
Note :The figure fonned by the tangents at the extremities oflatus rectum is rhoubus of area ~
.. - e
(ii) y= mx:J::. Jazmz + bZ is tangent to the ellipse for all valucs ofm.
Note that there are two tangents to the ellipse having the same m, i.e. there are two tangcnts parallel to
any given direction.

(iii) x cos
-- e + ~--
y sin 8. = I IStangent h
to tee II'Ipse at t h'e POlllt ( a cos e , b Sill
. e) .
a b
(iv) The eccentric anglcs of point of contact of two parallel tangents diner by 1t. Conversely if the diflerencc
between the eccentric angles of two points is p then the tangents at these points are parallel.
u+P . a+p
cos - Slll-Z-
(v) Point of intersection of the tangents at the point a & p is a a :p , b a-p .
cos -Z- cos -Z-

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) fill

7. NORMALS:
a 2x b2y
(i) Equation of the normal at (xl Yl)is -' --- =a2_b2=a2e2
xI y,
(ii) Equation of the normal at the point (acos e, bsin e) is; ax' sec e- by cosec 8 = (a2 - b2),
( 2 b2)
(iii) Equation ofanormal in ternlS of its slope 'm' isy=mx a - m
~a2+b2m2
8. DIRECTOR CIRCLE:
Locus of the point of intersection ofthe tangents which meet at right angles is called the Director Circle,
The equation to this locus is x2 + y2= a2 + b2 Le. a circle whose centre is the centre of the ellipse &
whose radius is the length of the line joining the ends of the major & minor axis.
9. Chord of contact. pair of tangents, chord ",;th a given middle point, pole & polar are to be interpreted as
they are in parabola.
10. DIAMETER:
The locus ofthe middle points of a system of parallel chords with slope 'm' ofan ellipse is a straight line

passing through the centre of the ellipse, called its diameter and has the equation y = - +-
am
2
x.

II.
2
bll'OllTANT [Link]: Refering to an ellipse -x + - = I. l
a2 b2
H-I lfl' be any point on the ellipse with S & S' as its foci then (SI') +e e (S'I') = 2a.
11-2 The product of the length's of the perpendicular segments from the foci on any tangent to the ellipse is be
and the feet of these perpendiculars Y,Y' lie on its auxiliary circle. The tangents at these feet to the
aLLxiliarycircle meet on the ordinate ofl' and that the locus of their point of intersection is a similiarellipse
as that of the original one. Also the lines joining centre to the feet ofthe perpendicular Yand focus to the
point of contact of tangent are parallel.
11-3 If the normal at any point I' on the ellipse with centre C meet the major & minor axes in 0. & g respectively.
& ifCF be perpendicular upon this normal. then
(i) I'F. po. = b2 (ii) Pl'. I'g = a2 (iii) po.. I'g = SI'. S' I' (iv) Co. CT = CS2
(v) locus of the mid point ofGg is another ellipse having the same eccentricity as that of the original ellipse.
[where Sand S' are the focii of the ellipse and T is the point where tangent at I' meet the major axis]
II - .• The tangent & normal at a point I' on the ellipse bisect the external & internal angles between the focal
distances of 1'.This refers to the well known reflection property ofthe ellipse which states that rays from
one focus are reflected through other focus & vice-versa.
11-5 The portion of the tangent to an ellipse between the point of contact & the directrix subtends a right angle
at the corresponding focus.
H-6 The circle on any focal distance as diameter touches the auxiliary circle.
11-7 If the tangent at the point I' ofa standard ellipse meets the axis in T and t and CY is the perpt'ndicular on
it li'om the centre then,
(i) T I. I'Y = a2 - b2 and (ii) least value of Tt is a + b.

COllic Sectioll (Parabola. Ellipse. Hyperbola) fI2f

 EXERCISE-I
Q.I (a) Find the equation of the ellipse with its centre (1,2), focus at (6,2) and passing through the
point (4,6).
(b) An ellipse passes through the points (- 3, I) & (2, -2) & its principal axis arc along the coordinate
axes in order. Find its equation.
Q.2 The tangent at any point I' of a circle x2 + y2 = a2 meets the tangent at a fixed point
A (a, 0) in Tand T isjoined to B, the other end of the diametcr through A. prove that the locus ofthe
intersection of AI' and BT is an ellipse whose ccccntricity is I/.fi .

Q.3 The tangent at the point a on a standard ellipse meets the auxiliary circle in two points which subtends a
right angle at the centre. Show that the ecccntricity of the ellipsc is (1 + sin'atl12•

QA Ifany two chords be drawn through two points on the major axis of an ellipse equidistant li'om the

centre, show that tan a . tan ~. tan

2 222
[Link] ~ = I, where a, 13. y. 8 are the eccentric angles of thc

extremities ofthc chords.

2 2
Q.5 If the normal at the point 1'(0) to the ellipse ~ + L= L intersects it again at the point Q(20),
14 5
show that cos 0 = - (2/3).

Q.6 If s, s' are the length of the perpendicular on a tangent from the foci, a, a' are those from the vertices,

xl y2 ss,-c2
c is that from thccentrc mId e is the eccentricity of the ellipse, :'-2 + -2 = I, then prove that -e2
. a b aa'-c2

x2 v2
Q.7 Prove that the equation to the circle, having double contact with the ellipse -+-' =I(with
~----'---- -;-
a2 b2
eccentricity e) at the ends of a latus rectum, is x2 + y2 - 2ae3x = a2 (I - e2 _ e4).

Q.8 Find the equations of the lines with equal intercepts on the axes & which touch the ellipse x 2 +
16 9
= 1. L
Q.9 Suppose x and yare real numbers and that x2 + 9y2 -4x + 6y +4 = 0 thcn find the maximum value of
(4x-9y).

2 2
[Link] A tangent having slope - .': to the ellipse ~ + L = I, intersects the axis of x & y in points A & B
3 18 32
respectively. If a is the origin, find the area of triangle OAB.

[Link] '0' is the origin & also the centre of two concentric circles having radii of the inner & the outer circle as
'a' & 'b' respectively. A line OPQ is drawn to cut the inner circle in I' & the outer circle in Q. PR is
drawn parallel to the y-axis & QR is drawn parallel to the x-axis. Prove that the locus ofR is an ellipse
touching the two circles. If the focii of this ellipse lie on the inner circle, find the ratio of inner: outer radii
& find also the eccentricity orthe ellipse.

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, l/yperbola) //3/

Q.12 Find the equation of the largest eircle with centre (I, 0) that can be inscribed in the ellipse
x2 + 4y2 = 16.

2 2
Q.13 Lct d be the perpendicular distance from the centre of the ellipse .;- +.;. = I to the tangent drawn at a
a b

point I' on the [Link] & F2 arc the two foci of the ellipse, then show that (I'F1 - I'F2)2=4a2[1- :~].

Q.14 Tangents drawn from the point 1'(2,3) to the circle x2 + y2 - 8x + 6y + I = 0 touch the circle at the

(x+5)2 (y-3?
points A and B. The circumcircle of the t>I'AB cuts the director circle ofellipsc ---+---=1
9 b2
orthogonally. Find the value of b2.

Q.15 Let circles CI and C2 on Argand plane be given by I z + 1 1=3 and I z - 2 I = 7 respectively.
Ifa variable circlc I z - Zo I = r be inside circle C2 such that it touches C I externally and C2 internally
then locus of 'zo' describes a conic E. If eccentricity of E can be written in simplest form as pi q
where p, q E N, then find the value of (p + q).

x2 y2
Q.16 A circle intersects an ellipse -, + 2 = I precisely at three points A,
a- b
13, C as shown in thc figure. AB is a diameter of the circle and is
perpendicular to the major a"is of the ellipse. If the eccentricity ofthe o
ellipse is 4/5, find the length ofthe diameter AB in terms of a.

Q.17 Consider the family of circles, x2 + y2 = r2, 2 < r < [Link] the first quadrant, the common tangent to a
circle of the family and the ellipse 4 x2+ 25 y2 = 100 meets the co-ordinate a"esatA& B, then find the
equation of the locus ofthe mid-point ofAB.

2 2
Q.18 The tangents from (Xl y I) to the ellipse';- +.;. = 1 intersect at right angles. Show that the normals at
a b
y x
the points of contact meet on the line- = -. .
YI XI

Q.19 If the tangent at any point of an ellipse :: + ~~ = I makes an angle a with the major axis and an angle

13\\ith the focal radius of the point of contact then show that the eccentricity 'e' ofthe ellipse is given by
cos 13
the absolute value of -- .
eosa

Q.20 An ellipse has foci at FI(9, 20) and F2(49, 55) in the xy-planeand is tangent to the x-axis. Find the length
of its major axis.

COllie Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /14/

 EXERCISE-II
Q.I PG is the nonnal to a standard ellipse at P, G being on the major axis. GP is produced outwards to Q so
2 2
that PQ = GP Show that the locus ofQ is an ellipse whose eccentricity is a 2 - b 2 .
a +b

Q.2 A normal inclined at 45° to the axis of the ellipse ;-

a
2
+.;-b = I is drawn. It meets the x-axis & they-axis in P
2

2 b2)2
& Q respectively. IfC is the centre of the ellipse, show that the area ofuiangle CPQ is (a; J sq. lUlits.
2(a + b-)

Q.3 A tangent to the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4 meets the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 at P & Q. Prove that the tangents at
P & Q of the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 are at right angles.

2 2
Q.4 A tangent to the ellipse ~2 + L = I touches at the point P on it in the first quadrant & meets the
a b2
coordinate axes inA& B respectively. IfP divides AB in the ratio 3: I reckoning from the x-axis find the
equation ofthe tangent.

Q.5 Let Pi and Pi' be the feet of the perpendiculars drawn from foci S, S' on a tangent Ti to an ellipse
10
whose length of semi-major axis is 20. If L (SP i) (S' Pi') = 2560 . then lind the value of lODe.
(Where 'e' denotes eccentricity). i=1

Q.6 An ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4 is rotated anticlockwise through a right angle in its own plane about its centre. If
the locus of the point of intersection of a tangent to ellipse in its origin position with the tangent at the
same point of the ellipse in in its new position is given by the curve
(x2 + y2)2 = A (x2 + y2) + ~ x y where A and ~ are positive integers.
Find the value of (A + ~).

-I
Q.7 Line L1 is parallel to the line L2. Slope of LI is 9. Also LJ is parallel to L4. Slope of L4 is ::;:.
-)

2 2
All these lines touch the ellipse ~ + L = I. Find the area of the parallelogram formed bvthese lines.
25 9 •

2 2
Q.8 'th
GIven ' 0 1'1
e equatIOn t le e II'Ipse ---
(x-3) + ---
(y+4) = I , a para bl'
0 a ISsuc II' 'hi e owest
1t lUt ItSvertex ISt
16 49
point of the ellipse and it passes through the ends of the minor axis of the ellipse, The equation of the
parabola is in the form 16y = a(x - h)2 - k. Determine the value of (a + h + k).

COllic Sectioll (Pambola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) {15{

 z Z n
Q.9 Consider an ellipse ~ + L = I with centre C and a point P on it with eccentric angle -. Normal
25 9 4
drawn at P intersects the major and minor axes in A and B respectively. N I and Nz are the feet of the
perpendiculars from the foci S I and Sz respectively on the tangent at P and N is the foot ofthe perpendicular
from the centre ofthc ellipse on the nomlal at P. Tangent at P intersects the axis ofx atT.
Match the entries of Column-I with the entries of Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) (CA)(CT) is equal to (P) 9
(B) (PN)(PB) is equal to (Q) 16
(C) (SINI)(SzNz) is equal to (R) 17
(D) (S IP)(SzP) is equal to (S) 25

[Link] RectangleABCD has area 200. An ellipse with area 200n passes through Aand C and has foci at B and
D. Find the perimeter ofthe rectangle.

[Link] Consider the parabola yZ = 4x and the ellipse 2xz + yZ = 6, intersecting at P and Q.
(a) Prove that the two curves are orthogonal.
(b) Find the area enclosed by the parabola and the common chord of the ellipse and parabola.
(c) [I' tangent and nOmlal at the point P on the ellipse intersect the x-axis at T and G respectively then find the
area of the triangle PTG

Q.12 Consider the ellipse <

a
+ y~ = 1 with centre '0' where a> b> [Link] at any point Pon the ellipse
b
meets the coordinate axes at X and Y and N is the foot of the perpendicular from the origin on thc
tangent at P. Minimum length ofXY is 36 and maximum lenb'1hof PN is 4.
(a) Find the eccentricity o I' the ellipse.
(b) Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse if one o I'its vertex coincides with
one end of the major axis of the ellipse.
(c) Find the maximum area of the triangle OPN.

z z
Q.13 A straight line AB touches the ellipse ;- +.;- = I & the circle xZ + yZ = rZ; where a > r> b.
a b
A local chord of the ellipse, parallel toAB intersects thecirc1e in P & Q, find the length of the perpendicular
dra\\l1 from the centre of the ellipse to PQ. Hence show that PQ = 2b.

Q.14 A ray emanating from the point (- 4. 0) is incident on the ellipse 9xz + 25y2 = 225 at the point P with
abscissa 3. Find thc equation of the retlected ray after first retlection.

Q.15 Variable pairs o I'chords at right angles are dra\\11 through any point P(with eccentric angle n/4) on the

ellipse x z + / = I, to meet the ellipse at two points say A and B. If the line joining A and B passes
4 m
through a lixed point Q(a b) such that aZ + b2 has the value equal to - , where m, n are relatively prime
positive integers. lind (m +n). n

COllie Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /16/

 EXERCISE-III
Q.I Let CI and C2 be two circles with C2 lying inside CI• A circle C lying inside C1 touches
C1 internally and [Link]!)'the locus of the centre ofC. [JEE '200 1,5 ]

x2 y2
Q.2 Find the condition so that the line px + qy = r intersects the ellipse -2 +"'""2 = I in points whose
a b
eccentric angles differ by 11/4. [ REE '200 I, 3 ]

x2 y2
Q.3 Proye that. in an ellipse -2 +"'""2= I ,the perpendicular from a focus upon any tangent and the line
a b
joining the centre ofthe ellipse to the point of contact meet on the corresponding directrix. [JEE'2002,5]

q.4(i) The area of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the ends of the latus rectum of the ellipse
x2 v2
- + -' = I IS
9 5
(A) 913 sq. units (8) 27 13 sq. units (C) 27 sq. units (D) none

(ii) The yalue of 0 for which the sum of intercept on the axis by the tangent at the point (313 cos 0, sin 0),
.2
0<0 < 11/2 on the ellipse ~ + y2 = 1 is least, is
27 '
11 11 11 11
(A) - (B) - (C) - (0) -
6 4 3 8
[JEE' 2003 (Screening)]

Q.5 The locus of the middle point of the intercept of the tangents drawn from an external point to the ellipse
x2 + 2y2 = 2, between the coordinates axes, is
I I I I I I I I
(A)-,+-=I (B)-+-=I (C)-+-=I2 (0)-+-,=1
x. 2y2 4x2 2y2 2x 4y2 2x2 y-
[JEE 2004 (Screening) ]

x2 y2
Q.6(i) The minimum area of triangle fonned by the tangent to the ellipse -2 +"'""2= I and coordinate axes is
a b

(a+b)2 . a2 +ab+b2
(A) ab sq. units sq. units (C) sq. UllltS (0) 3 sq. units
2
[JEE 2005 (Screening) ]
(ii) Find the equation of the common tangent in I $I quadrant to the circle x2 + y2 = 16 and the ellipse
2 2
~ + L = I. Also find the length of the intercept of the tangent between the coordinate axes.
25 4
[JEE 2005 (Mains), 4 ]

Q.7 Let P(xl' y I) and Q(x2, y), y 1 < 0, Y2< 0, be the end points of the latus rectum of the ellipse
x2 + 4y2 = 4. The equations of parabolas with latus rectum PQ are
(A) x2 + 213 y = 3 + 13 (B) x2 - 213 y = 3+ 13
(C) x2 + 213 y = 3 - 13 (0) x2 - 213 y = 3 - 13 [JEE 2008, 4]

~ ~~~v~~~ ~~~~~~~ COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) {17{

Q.8(i) The line passing through the extremity Aofthe major axis and extremity 8 of the minor axis of the ellipse
x2 + 9y2 = 9 meets its auxiliary circle at the point M. Then the area of the triangle with vertices atA, M
and the origin 0 is

31 29 21 27
(A) 10 (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) 10
(ii) The normal ata point P on the ellipse x2 +4y2 = 16 meets the x-axis at [Link] is the mid point of the line
segment PQ, then the locus ofM intersects the latus rectums ofthe given ellipse at the point

(A)
315
( t-2-,
2)
t"7 (D) (t2J3, t 4~)
A
(iii) In a triangle ABC with fixed base BC, the vertex A moves such that cos B + cos C = 4 sin2 2 .
Ifa, b and c denote the lengths of the sides of the triangle opposite to the angles A, Band C, respectively,
then
(A) b + c = 4a (B) b + c = 2a
(C) locus of point A is an ellipse. (D) locus of point A is a pair of straight lines.
[JEE2009,3+3+4]
Comprehension (3 question together) 2 2
Q.9 Tangents are drawn from the point P(3, 4) to the ellipse ~ + L = I touching the ellipse at points A
and 8. 9 4
(i) The coordinates of A and 8 are

(A) (3, 0) and (0, 2) (B) ( 5'8 2J16l) (9 5' 58)

- 15 and -

(C) ( -5"8 2J16l)

15 and (0, 2) (D) (3, 0) and ( - ~, ~)

(ii) The orthocenter of the triangle PAB is

(8) (75' 825) (C) (II5' 58)

(iii) The equation of the locus of the point whose distances from the point P and the line A8 are equal, is
(A)9x2+y2-6xy-54x-62y+241 =0 (B) x2+9y2+6xy-54x+62y-241 =0
(C) 9x2 + 9y2 - 6xy - 54x - 62y - 241 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 - 2xy + 27x + 3\ y - 120 = 0
[JEE2010,3+3+3]

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) IJ81

 KEY CONCEPTS (HYPERBOLA)
The IhpEIUloLA is a conic whose eccentricity is greater than unity. (c> I).
1. STANDARD EQUATION & DEFINITlON(S)
y
Standard equation of the hyperbola is
x2 y2
- - - = I. Where b2 = a2 (e2 - I) B (O,b) i
a2
b2 i
"'I!-! -
,
i
; A x
(-ae.O) S' C (0,0) i (a. )
= I + (C.A)2
T.A !
FOCI:
B' (O,-b;
S '" (ae, 0) & S' '" (- ae, 0).
,
;

EQUATIONS OF DIRECTRICES: x~ ~
e
a a
x= - & x=--.
e e sp = E pM
VERTlCES:A"'(a,O) & A''''(-a,O).
-=-) Sp' e(x- 'Ye.) =-~)(-q
2b2 (c.A.)2 >
/ (Latus reetum) = - = --- = 2a (e- -I). L1 51 f':- e..x +ct
a T.A.
Note: I (L.R.) = 2e (distance from focus to the corresponding directrix)
TR,\1'sVERSEA"ls: The line segment A'A oflength 2a in which the foci S' & S both lie is called the
T.A. OFTIIE HYI'EIUIOLA.
C01'.lllGATEAxIS : The line segment B'B between the two points B' '" (0, - b) & [3", (0, b) is called as
the CA. OF TilE IIY1'ERBOLA.
The T.A. & the CA. of the hyperbola are together ealled the Prineipal axes of the hyperbola.
2. FOCAL PROPERTY:
The difference of the focal distances of any point on the hyperbola is constant and equal to transverse
axis i.e. III'S I-IpS' II = 2a . The distance SS' = focal length.
3. CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA:
Two hyperbolas such that transverse & conjugate axes of one hyperbola are respectively the conjugate
& the transverse axes of the other are called C01'.JIIGATEHYI'EIUlOLASof each other.
x2
ego ---=1
y2
&
x2 + -l
- -' - = I are conjugate hyperbolas of each.
a2 b2 a2 b2
Note That: (a) If e,& e2 are the eccentrcities of the hyperbola & its conjugate then e,-2 + e2-2 = I.
(It) The foci of a hyperbola and its conjugate are concyclic and form the vertices ofa
square.
(e) Two hyperbolas are said to be similiar if they have the same eccentricity.

4. RECTANGULAR OR EQUILATERAL HYPERBOLA:

The particular kind of hyperbola in which the lengths of the transverse & conjugate axis are equal is
called an EQI'ILATEIULHYI'[Link] that the eccentricity of the rectangular hyperbola is J2 and
the length of its latus rectum is equal to its transverse or conjugate axis.

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [/9[

5. AUXILIARY CIRCLE: y
A circle drawn with centre C & T.A. as a
diameter is called the [Link]{YCiRCLE
of the hyperbola. Equation of the auxiliaI)'
circle is x2 + y2 = a2.
Note from the figure that P & Q are called
the "CORI{ESPONIlINGPOINTS" on the
hyperbola & the awdliaI)' circle. '8' is called
the eccentric angle of the point 'P' on the
hyperbola. (0:5 0 <21t).
2 2
Note: The equations x = a sec 0 & y = b tan 0 together represents the hyperbola ~ - L= I
a 2 b2
where 8 is a parameter. The parametric equations: x = a cos h <1>,
y = b sin h <I> also represents the same hyperbola.
General Note:
Since the fundamental equation to the hyperbola only differs from that to the ellipse in having
- b2 instead of b2 it will be found that many propositions for the hyperbola are derived from those for
the ellipse by simply changing the sign ofb2.
6. POSITION OFAPOINT'I" [Link]:
2 2
The quantity 2L
2
- ~2 = I is positive, zero or negative according as the point (xI YI) lies within, upon
a b •
or without the curve.
7. LINEANDA HYPERBOLA: 2 2
The straight line y = mx + c is a secant. a tangent or passes outside the hyperbola ~ + L = I according
2 2
as: c2>=<a2m2_b2. a b
8. TANGENTS AND NORMALS:
TANGENTS:
2
(a) Equation of the tangentto the hyperbola x _
a2
L
b2
= I at the point (xi' y I) is X~I - Y~
a b
I = 1.

Note: In general two tangents can be drawn from an extemal point (XIYI) to the hyperbola and they are
y - YI = ml(x - XI) & Y - YI = m2(x - x2). where ml & m2 are roots of the equation
(x12 -a2)m2 - 2 xlylm +y12 + b2 =[Link] D <0. then no tangent can be drawn from (XIy,) to the hyperbola.
2 2 Xsec 0 t 0
(b) Equation of the tangent to the hyperbola .;- -.; = I at the point (a sec 8, btanO)is _ y an = I.
a b a b
8 -8 . 8 +8
I cos
2 S1l1.1 2
2 _ 2
Note: Point of intersect ion of the tangents at 81 & 82 is X= a 0 0 •y - b 8 +8
cos I + 2 cos I 2
2 2
I x2 y2
(e) Y= mx :t "a 2m 2 - b2 can be taken as the tangent to the hyperbola ~ - 2 = I .
a b
Note thallbere are two parallellangents b,wing the same slope m.
(tI) Equation ofa chord joining a & is r\
X a-(3 y. a+r\ a+(3
- cos -- - - S1l1-- = cos--
a 2 b 2 2

COllie Sectioll (Parabola. Ellipse, Hyperbola) [20[

 NORMALS:
(a) The equation of the normal to the hyperbola at the point P(xl, Yj) on it IS

a2x b2y
_+_=a2_b2 =a2e2.
XI YI
(b) The equation of the normal at the point P (a secO, b tanO) on the hyperbola
aX by 2 2
--+--=a +b = a2 e2
secO tan 0 .
(c) Equation to the chord of contact, polar, chord with a given middle point, pair of tangents from an external
point is to be interpreted as in ellipse.
9. DIRECTOI{ CIRCLE:
The locus of the intersection of tangents which are at right angles is known as the DIIU;CTORCiRCl.E of
the hyperbola. The equation to the director circle is :
x2 + y2 = a2 _ b2.
Ifb2 <a2 this circle is real; ifb2 =a2 the radius of the circle is zero & it reduces to a point circle at the origin.
In this case the centre is the only point from which the tangents at right angles can be drawn to the curve.
Ifb2 > a2, the radius of the circle is imaginary. so that there is no such circle & so no tangents at right
angle can be drawn to the curve.
10. HIGHLIGHTS ON TANGENT AND NORMAL:
2 2
H-I Locus of the feet of the perpendicular drawn from focus of the hyperbola';' -.;. = I upon any tangent
b a
is its auxiliary circle i.e. x + y2 = a & the product of the feet of these perpendiculars is b2. (semi C 'Ai
2 2
H-2 The portion of the tangent between the point of contact & the directrix subtends a right angle at the
corresponding focus.
H-3 The tangent & norn1al at any point ofa hyperbola
bisect the angle between the focal radii. This spells
the rellection property of the hyperbola as "An
incoming light ray" aimed towards one focus is ...................
rellected from the outer surface of the hyperbola x
S'
towards the other focus. It follows that if an ellipse
and a hyperbola have the same foci, they cut at right
angles at any of their common poinl.
x2 / 2 2
Note that the ellipse -2 + -, = 1 and the hyperbola x Y - I (a> k > b> 0) Xareconfocal
a b- a2_k2 k2_b2
and therefore orthogonal.
H-4 lbe foci of the hyperbola and the points P and Q in which any tangent meets the tangents at the vertices
are concyclic with PQ as diameter of the circle.
II. ASYMPTOTES:
Definition: If the length ofthe perpendicular let fall from a point on a hyperbola to a straight line tends
to zero as the point on the hyperbola moves to infinity along the hyperbola, then the straight line is called
the Asvmptote of the Hyperbola.
To find the asymptote of the hyperbola: 2 2
v X
Let y = mx + c is the asymptote of the hyperbola -2 - -'-T = I.
Solving these two we get the quadratic as a b
(b2_ a2m2) x2_ 2a2 mcx - a2 (b2 + c2) = 0 .... (1)

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /2//

 In order that y = mx + c be an asymptote, both y
roots of equation (I) must approach infinity, the x_y=O
conditions for which are: a b
coeffofx2 = 0 & coeffofx = O.
=:> b2 - a2m2 = 0 or m =:t.!: &
a
a2 mc = 0 =:> c = o. x
.
:. equations 0
f asymptote are -;x + b
y
=0
and ~_r=O.
a b
x2 y2
combined equation to the asymptotes 2 -2 = O.
a b
PARTICULAR CASE :
When b = a the asymptotes of the rectangular hyperbola.
x2 - y2 = a2 are, y = '" x which are at right angles.
Note:
(i) Equilateral hyperbola <::::> rectangular hyperbola.
(ii) If a hyperbola is equilateral then the conjugate hyperbola is also equilateral.
(iii) A hypcrbola and its conjugate have the same asymptote.
(iv) The equation ofthc pair of asymptotes differ the hyperbola & the conjugate hyperbola by the same
constant only.
(v) The asymptotes pass through the centre of the hyperbola & the bisectors of the angles between the
asymptotcs are the axcs of the hyperbola.
(vi) The asymptotes of a hyperbola are the diagonals of the rectangle formed by the lines drawn through the
extremities of each axis parallel to the other axis.
(vii) Asymptotes are the tangent to the hyperbola from the centre.
(viii) A simple method to find the coordinates of the centre of the hyperbola expresscd as a general equation
of degree 2 should be remembered as:
Lct f(x. y) = 0 represents a hyperbola.
. af af . . af af
Fmd - & - . Then the pomt of intersection of - = 0 & - = 0
~ ~ ~ ~
gives the centre of the hyperbola.
12. HIGHLIGHTS ON ASYMPTOTES:
H-1 Iffrom any point on the asymptote a straight line be drawn perpendicular to the transverse axis. the
product of the segments of this line, intercepted between the point & the curve is always equal to the
square of the semi conjugate axis.
11-2 Perpendicular from the foci on either asymptote meet it in the same points as the corresponding directrix
& the common points of intersection lic on the atLxiliary circle.
2 2
B-3 TIle tangent at any point I' on a hyperbola';'- y 2 = I with centre C, meets the asymptotes in Q and R
a b
and cuts off a"" CQR of conSlant area equal to ab from the asymptotes & the portion of the tangent
intercepted bctween the asymptote is bisccted at the point of contact. This implies that locus of the
centrc of the circle circumscribing the"" CQR in case ofa rectangular hyperbola is the hyperbola itself&
for a standard hyperbola the locus would be the curve, 4(a2x2 - b2y2) = (a2 + b2j2.

Ifthe angle between the asymptote of a hyperbola

x
2
-;;T- i = 1 is 20 then e = secO.
bl

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /22/

13. RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA:
Rectangular hyperbola referred to its asymptotes as axis of coordinates.
(a) Equation is xy = cZwith parametric representation x = ct, y = cit, t E R - {O}.

(b) Equation ofa chord joining the points P (tl) & Q(tz) is x + titZY= c(tl +tz) with slope m = __ 1_ .
tl tz

(c) Equationofthe tangent at P(xl'YI) is ~ +L = 2 & atP(t) is ~+ty= 2c.

xI YI t

(d) Equationofnorrnal: Y-~ =tz(x-ct)

t
(e) Chord with a given middle point as (h, k) is kx + hy = 2hk.

ConicSection (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) Il3]

 EXERCISE-J
Q.l Find the equation to the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + Y= I, focus (I, I) & eccentricity .J3 . Find
also the length of its latus rcctum .

.2 2
Q.2 The hyperbola ~ - L = I passes through the point of intersection of the lines, 7x + 13y - 87 = 0 and
a2 b2
5x - 8y + 7 = 0 & the latus rectum is [Link] /5. Find 'a' & 'b'.

2 2
Q.3 For the hyperbola ~ - L = 1, prove that
100 25
(i) eccentricity = J5 /2 (ii) SA. S' A = 25, where S & S' are the foci & A is the vertex.

Q.4 Find the centre, the foci, the directrices, the length of the latus rectum, the length & the equations of the
axes of the hypcrbola 16x2 - 9yl + 32x + 36y -164 = O.

Q.5 Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola x2 - 4y2 = 36 which is perpendicular to the line
x -y +4 = O.

Q.6 Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola 3x2 - 2y2 = 25 from the point (0, 5/2). Find their equations.

2 2
Q.7 IfC is the centre ofa hyperbola ~ - L = 1, S, S' its foci and I' a point on it.
a2 b2
Prove that SP. S'P = Cp2 - al + bl.

Q.8 If OJ & O2 are the parameters of the extremities of a chord through (ae, 0) of a hyperbola
x2 v2 8 0, e-I
---- - = I, then show that tan-!..tan~+-- =0.
a2 b2 2 2 e+1

Q.9 Tangents are drawn from the point (a,~) to the hyperbola 3xl - 2y2 = 6 and are inclined at angles 8
and 4> to the x -axis. If tan 8. tan 4> = 2, prove that ~2 = 2a2 - 7.

2 2
[Link] [ftwo points l' & Q on the hyperbola ~ - L = I whose centre is C be such that Cl' is perpendicular
a2 b2

to CQ & a < [Link] prove that --+I __I = I I .

Cp2 CQ2 a2 b2

[Link] Locus orthe feet of the perpendicular from centre of the hyperbola xl -4yl =4 upon a variable nonnal
to it has the equation. (Xl + yl)2 (4y2 - x2) = Ax2y2,tind A.

Q.12 A conic C satisfies the differential equation, (I + y2)dx - xy dy = 0 and passes through the point (I, 0).
An ellipse E which is confocal with C having its eccentricity equal to J2/3 .
(a) Find the length ofthe latus rectum of the conic C
(b) Find the equation of the ellipse E.
(c) Find the locus orthe point of intersection of the perpendicular tangents to the ellipse E.

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [24/

 22.
Q.13 Chords of the hyperbola ~ - L = I are tangents to the circle drawn on the line joining the foci as
a2 b2
diameter. Find the locus of the point ofintersection of tangents at the extremities ofthe chords.

2 2
Q.14 Let 'p' be the perpendicular distance from the centre C of the hyperbola \ -;- = I to the tangent
a b
drawn at a point R on the hyperbola. If S & S' are the two foci of the hyperbola, then show that

(RS + RS')2 = 4 a2 (I + :: ) .

Q.15 Let P (a sec 8, b tan 8) and Q (a see $, b tan $), where 8 + $ = ~, be two points on the hyperbola

x: _l2 = [Link](h, k) is the point of intersection of the nonnals at l' & Q, then find k.
a- b

EXERClSE-lJ
Q.l Tangent and nonnal are drawn at the upper end (xi' yJ) of the latus rectum l' with XI> 0 and y I> 0,
2
ofthe hyperbola x - ;~ = I, intersecting the transverse axis at T and G respectively. Find the area
4
of the triangle PTG

Q.2 Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola x2 - 9y2 = 9 that are drawn from
(3,2). Find the area ofthe triangle that these tangents form with their chord of contact.

2 2
Q.3 The nonna! to the hyperbola ~ - L = I drawn at an extremity of its latus rectum is parallcl to an
a2 b2
asymptote. Show that the eccentricity is equal to the square root of (J +.J5) / 2.

Q.4 A line through the origin meets the circle x2+y2 = a2 at l' & the hyperbola x2_y2 = a2 at Q. If the locus
of the point of intersection of the tangent at P to the circle and the tangent at Q to the hyperbola is the
curve a4(x2 - a2) + A x2 y4 = 0, then find the value of A.

Q.5 The graphs of x2 + y2 + 6 x - 24 Y + 72 = 0 & x2 - y2 + 6 x + 16 y - 46 = 0 intersect at four points.

Compute the sum of the distances of these four points from the point (- 3,2).

Q.6 An ellipse and a hyperbola have their principal axes along the coordinate axes and have a common foci
separated by a distance 2m, the differenee of their loeal semi axes is equal to 4. If the ratio of their
eccentricities is 3/7. Find the equation of these curves.

Q.7 From the centre C of the hyperbola x2 - y2 = 9, CM is drawn perpendicular to the tangent at any point
of the curve, meeting the tangent at M and the curve at N. Find the value of the product (CM)(CN).

Q.8 A h)perbola has one locus at the origin and its eccentricity = J2 and one of its directrix is x + y + I = O.
Find the equation to its asymptotes.

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /25/

Q.9 If a rectangular hyperbola have the equation, xy = c2, then the locus of the middle points of its chords of
constant length 6 is (x2 + y2)(x y - c2) = AXY,tind the value of A.

[Link] If a chord joining the points P (a secS, a tanO) & Q (a sec<j>,a tan<j»on the hyperbola x2 - y2 = a2 is
= tan 0 (4 sec20 - I).
a normal to it at P, then show that tan <j>

2 2
[Link] Prove that the part of the tangent at any point of the hyperbola.:...-- L = 1 intercepted between the
a2 b2
point of contact and the transverse axis is a harmonic mean between the lengths of the perpendiculars
drawn from the foci on the nonnal at thc same point.

2 2
Q.12 Ascertain the co-ordinates of the two points Q & R, where the tangent to the hyperbola .:...-- L = I at
45 20
the point P(9, 4) intersects the two asymptotes. Finally prove that P is the middle point ofQR. Also
compute the area of the triangle CQR where C is the centre of the hyperbola.

x2 2
Q.13 The tangent at P on the hyperbola - - L = I meets one of the asymptote in [Link] the locus of the
a2 b2

mid-point ofPQ is a hyperbola,

x
2
l
-2 - -2 = A. find the value of 4A.
a b

Q.14 If the lines x + y + I = 0 and 2x - y + 2 = 0 are the asymptotes of a hyperbola. If the line
x - 2 = 0 touches the hyperbola then the equation of the hyperbola is 4(x + Y+ I )(2x - y+ 2) = A.
Find the value of f•.

.2 2
Q.15 Through any point P of the hyperbola ;- -;- = I a line QPR is drawn with a fixed gradient m, meeting
a b a2b2(1+m2)
the asymptotes in Q & R. Show that the product, (QP) (PR) - 2 2 2 .
b -a m

EXERCISE-lll
Q.I The equation of the common tangent to the curve y2 = 8x and xy=-I is
(A) 3y = 9x + 2 (B) Y= 2x + I (C) 2y = x + 8 (D) Y= x + 2
[JEE 2002 Screening]

x2 L
Q.2 Given the family of hyper bois ., = I for a E (0, rtl2) which ofthe following does not
cos::! a S\l1- a
change with varying a?
(A) abscissa of foci (B) eccentricity
(C) equations of directrices (D) abscissa ofvertices [JEE 2003 (Scr.)]

Q.3 The line 2x + 16 y = 2 is a tangent to the curve x2 - 2y2 = 4. The point of contact is
(A)(4,-16) (13)(7.-216) (C)(2.3) (D)(16, I) [JEE2004(Scr.)]

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /26/

 2 2
Q.4 Tangents are drawn from any point on the hyperbola x - Y4 = I to the circle x2 + y2 = 9. Find the
9
locus of midpoint of the chord of contact. [lEE 2005 (Mains), 4]

2 2
Q.5 Ifa hyperbola passes through the focus of the ellipse ~ + L= I and its transverse and conjugate axis
25 16
coincides with the major and minor axis of the ellipse, and product of their eccentricities is 1, then
x
2
(A) equation of hyperbola ~ -16 = J
i x2 v2
(E) equation of hyperbola ~ - ;5 = I

(C) focus of hyperbola (5, 0) (D) focus of hyperbola is ([Link], 0) [lEE 2006, 51

Comprehension: (3 questions)

Q.6 LetAECD be a square of side length 2 units. C2 is the circle through vertices A, B. C, D and C1 is the
circle touching all the sides of the squareABCD. L is a line through A
I'A 2 + I'E2 + I'c2 + I'D2
(i) 11'1' is a point on C1 and Q in another point on C2, then QA 2 + QE2 + QC2 + QD2 is equal to

(A) 0.75 (E) 1.25 (C) I (D) 0.5

(ii) A circle touches the line L and the circle C1 externally such that both the circles are on the same side of
the line, then the locus of centre ofthe circle is
(A) ellipse (B) hyperbola (C) parabola (D) parts of straight line

(iii) A line M through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S moves such that its distances trorn the line BD and
the vertex Aare equal. Iflocus ofS cuts M at T2 and TJ and AC at TI' then area of~ T1 T2TJ is
(A) 1/2 sq. units (B) 2/3 sq. units (C) I sq. unit (D) 2 sq. units
[JEE 2006, 5 marks each]

Q.7(i) A hyperbola, having the transverse axis oflength 2 sin 0, is confocal with the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12.
Then its equation is
(A) x2 cosec20 - y2 sec20 = I (B) x2 sec20 - y2 cosec20 = I
(C) x sin e - y2 cos e = I
2 2 2 (D) x2 cos20 - y2 sin20 = 1 [J EE 2007, 3]

(ii) Match the statements in Column I with the properties in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) Two intersecting circles (1') have a common tangent
(B) Two mutually external circles (Q) have a common nonnal
(C) Two circles, one strictly inside the other (R) do not have a common tangent
(D) Two branches ofa hyperbola (S) do not have a common nonnal
[lEE 2007,3 + 6]

COllie Seetioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /27/

Q.8(i) Let a and b be non-zero real numbers. Then, the equation (ax2 + by2 +c)(x2-5xy+ 6y2)=0 represents
(A) four straight lines, when c = 0 and a, bare of the same sign.
(B) two straight lines and a circle, when a= b, and c is of sign opposite to that of a.
(C) two straight linesand a hyperbola, when a and b are of the same sign and c is of sign opposite to that of a
(D) a circle and an ellipse, when a and bare of the same sign and c is of sign opposite to that of a.

(ii) Consider a branch of the hyperbola, x2_2y2 - 212 x - 412 y - 6 = 0 with vertex at the pointA. Let
B be one of the end points of its latus rectum. IfC is the focus of the hyperbola nearest to the pointA,
then the area of the triangle ABC is

(A) I-~ (B) H-I (C)I+~ (D) H +1

[JEE2008,3+3]
Q.9(i) The locus of the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines
(I + p)x - py + p(l + p) = 0, (I + q)x - qy + q(l + q) = 0 and y = 0, where p ;>t q, is
(A) a hyperbola (B) a parabola (C) an ellipse (D) a straight line

(ii) An ellipse intersects the hyperbola 2x2 - 2y2= 1orthogonally. The eccentricity of the ellipse is reciprocal
of that of the hyperbola. Ifthe axes of the ellipse are along the coordinate axes, then
(A) Equation of ellipse is x2 + 2y2 = 2 (B) The loci of ellipse are (otl, 0)
(C) Equation of ellipse is x2 + 2y2 = 4 (D) The foci of ellipse are (ot 12 ,0)

(iii) Match the conics in Column I with the statements/expressions in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) Circle (P) The locus of the point (h, k) for which the line hx + ky = I
touches the circle x2 + y2= 4
(B) Parabola (q) Points z in the complex plane satisfying Iz+ 21-lz - 21= ot3
(C) Ellipse (r) Points ofthe conic have parametric representation
2
(D) Hyperbola X=.fj(I-t ) y=~
l+t2' l+t2
(s) The eccentricity ofthe conic lies in the interval I :<:; x < 00
(t) Points z in the complex plane satisfying Re(z + 1)2= W + I
[lEE 2009, 3+4 + (2+2+2+2)]

Comprehension (2 question together)

2 2
Q. IOra) The circle x2 + y2- 8x + 0 and hyperbola x -: = I intersect at the points A and B.
9
(i) Equation of a common tangent with positive slope to the circle as well as to the hyperbola is
(A) 2x-J5y-20=0 (B) 2x-)5y+4=0
(C) 3x -4y+ 8 =0 (D)4x-3y+4=0

COllic Sectioll (Pambolll, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [28[

(ii) Equation of the circle withAB as its diameter is
(A)x2+y2-12x+24=0 (B)x2+y2+ 12x+24=0
2
(C) x + y2 + 24x - 12 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 - 24x - 12 = 0

x2 2
(b) The line 2x + y = I is tangent to the hyperbola 2 - Y2 = I. If this line passes through the point of
a b
intersection ofthe nearest directrix and the x-axis, then the eccentricity ofthc hyperbola, is
[JEE2010,3+3+3]

2 2
[Link] (a) Let P (6, 3) be a point on the hyperbola;' - Y2 = I. [fthe nonnal at the point P intersects the x-axis
a b
at (9, 0), then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is

(A) 1% (B) H (C) 12 (D) .,fj

(b)
. . x
2
i
Let the eccentnclty of the hyperbola 2 - 2 = I be reciprocal to that of the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4. [I'
a b
the hyperbola passes through a focus ofthe ellipse, then

(A) the equation of the hyperbola is

x
3"
2
i
-"2 = I.

(B) a focus of the hyperbola is (2, 0).

(C) the eccentricity of the hyperbola is H.

(D) the equation of the hyperbola is x2 - 3y2 = 3. [JEE 2011,3+4]

COllic Sectioll (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) [29/

 ANSWER KEY
PARABOLA
EXERCISE-I
Q.2 (a,O);a Q.3 2x-y+2=0,(I,4) ;x+2y+ 16=0,(16,-16)
Q.4 3x - 2y + 4 = 0 ; x - y + 3 = 0 Q.5 (4,0); y2 = 2a(x - 4a)
Q.6 y=-4x+72,y=3x-33 Q.7 7y,,2(x+6a)=0
25
Q.13 x2+y2+ 18x-28y+27=0 Q.14 2 Q.15 32

k-4
Q.16 (a) -h-; (b) 2; (c) 2y - 3 = 0 Q.17 (a) 4, (b)(2,-I), (c)[Link]

Q.18 y2 = 8 ax Q.19 a2> 8b2

EXERCISE-II
Q.I 72 Q.4 (ax + by)(x2 + y2) + (bx - ay)2 = 0 Q.5 5 Q.6 32
[Link] 512 [Link] 200 Q.13 (a) 4, (b) x + 2 = 0, (c) x + 1 = 0
Q.14 (a) y2 = 4(x + 4); (b) 6 Q.15 (a) 5, (b) 9/2, (e) 4(3 - 2J2)
EXERCISE-III
Q.I (x + 3)y2 + 32 = 0 Q.2 (i) C; (ii) D Q.3 C
Q.4 D Q.5 (i) C ; (ii) ex = 2 Q.6 B
Q.7 2(y - 1)2(x - 2) = (3x - 4)2 Q.8 (i) D, (ii) A, B, (iii)(A) p, (B) q, (C) s, (D) r
Q.9 A Q.1ll (i) C; (ii) B; (iii) D [Link] A, D Q.12 C, D Q.13 (a) C, (b)ABD, (e) 2
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ELLIPSE
EXERCISE-I
Q.I (a) 20x2 + 45y2 - 40x - 180y - 700 = 0; (b) 3x2 + 5y2 = 32
Q.8 x + y - 5 = 0, x + y + 5 = 0 Q.9 16

Q.I024 [Link] [Link] ~,~Q.12 (x_I)2+y2=!.!. Q.1454 Q.15 13

v2 v2 3
18a
Q.16
17
EXERCISE-II
Q.4 bx + a.J3 y = 2ab Q.5 60 Q.6 II Q.7 60 Q.8 186
Q.9 (A) Q; (B) S; (C) P; (D) R [Link] 80 [Link] (b) 8/3, (c) 4

Q.12 (a) ~; (b) 240.J3; (c) 36 Q.13 ~r2_b2

Q.14 12x+5y=48; 12x-5y=48 Q.l5 19

EXERCISE-III
Q.I Locus is an ellipse with foci as the centres of the circles Cia nd C2.
n 14
Q.2 a2p2 + b2q2 = r2scc2"8 = (4 - 2 J2 )r2 Q.4 (i) C; (ii) A Q.5 C Q.6 (i) A, (ii) AB = .J3

Q.7 B. C Q.8 (i) D, (ii) C. (iii) B, C Q.9 (i) D; (ii) C; (iii) A

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Conic Section (Parabo/a, Effipse, Hyperbola) [JO[

r
HYPERBOLA
EXERCISE-I

Q.\ 7 x2+ 12xy-2y2-2x + 4y-7 = 0; J¥ Q.2 a2 = 25/2; b2 = 16

32
• Q.4 (-1,2); (4, 2) & (-6, 2) ; 5x -4 = 0 & 5x + 14 = 0; 3 ;6; 8 ; y- 2 = 0;
x+l =0;4x-3y+ 10=0;4x+3y-2=0.
Q.5 x + y -lc 313 = 0 Q.6 3x + 2y - 5 = 0 ; 3x - 2y + 5 = 0

x2 y2
Q.l1 25 Q.\2 (a) 2; (b) '3+-1 = I; (e) x2 + y2 = 4

EXERCISE-II

Q.\ 45 Q.2 5
Y=-x+-' 3 X-,)='0 . 8 sq umt
. Q.4 4 Q.5 40
12 4' ,.

2 x2 y2
x /
Q.6 -+-=1
49 36
;9 -4=1 Q.7 9 Q.8 x +I =0 and y + I = 0

Q.9 9 Q.\2 (15, 10) and (3, - 2) and 30 sq. units Q.13 3 Q.14 81

• EXERCISE-III

Q.\ D Q.2 A Q.3 A QA Q.5 A, C

Q.6 (a) A, (b) C, (e) C Q.7 (i) A; (ii) (A) P, Q; (B) P ,Q; (c) Q, R; (D) Q, R
Q.8 (i) B; (ii) B Q.9 (i) D, (ii) A, B, (iii) (A) p, (B) s. t; (C) r; (D) q, s
Q.1O (a) (i) B; (ii)A; (b) 2 Q.l1 (a) B, (b) BD

COllie Section (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) /31/

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