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Maths Chapter 2

The document discusses various geometric concepts including the similarity of triangles, the properties of right-angled triangles, and the basic proportionality theorem. It includes problems and proofs related to triangle similarity, area calculations, and relationships between angles and sides in triangles. Additionally, it covers scale factors and the concept of similar figures with practical examples and exercises for students.

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6 views11 pages

Maths Chapter 2

The document discusses various geometric concepts including the similarity of triangles, the properties of right-angled triangles, and the basic proportionality theorem. It includes problems and proofs related to triangle similarity, area calculations, and relationships between angles and sides in triangles. Additionally, it covers scale factors and the concept of similar figures with practical examples and exercises for students.

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zy5ydvg974
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
angles 114 . SABC and AAMP are two right angled triangles right A angled at B and M respectively, Prove that CA x MP = PAX BC. Df--"h\e s hd aes (Board Term |, 2017)(Ev) A 8 ™ 29. Two poles of height ‘p' and ‘q' metres are standing, (Board Term |, 2016) vertically on a level ground, ‘a’ metres apart. Prove 3. Sides AB, BC and median AD of | that the helght of the point of intersection of the lines respectieely. proportional: tor siiaric at = Joining the top of each pole to the foot of the opposite ‘median PM of APR. Show that AABC ~APQR. | poleis given by a + (Board Term |, 2017) (U) (Board Term |, 2 ea (Board Term! 2015) 35 iy ange, from A and B altitudes AD and BE are - ___ | drawn, Prove that AADC ~ ABEC. Is AADB = AAEB and In the given figure, E is a point AADB ~ AADC? (Board Term I, 2016) on GB produced of an isasceles 31, Inthe fig. AFEC= AGDB and 21 = 22. or marks) _ AABC, with side AB = AC. If Prove that ADE ~ AABC ADLBCandEFLAC,provethat f. i. ABD ~ AECF. BD (NCERT, Al 2019) (U)) | 8. In the given figure, ABC is a triangle and GHED is a rectangle. BC = 12 cm, HE= 6 cm, FC= BF andaltitude AF = 24cm. Find the area of the rectangle. (Board Term 1, 2013) 5.3 Similarity of Triangles 6.4 Criteria for Similarity of Triangles (Amark) (mark) 1. In the figure, if DE || BC, AD = 3 cm, BD = [Link] 4, ABC ~ APQR. If AM and PN are altitudes of AABC BC = 14cm, then DE equals and APQR respectively and AB? : PQ? = 4: 9, then A AM: PN= © @) 16:82 (b) 4:9 () 3:2 (@) 2:3 y e : (Term 1, 2021-22) | 5. AABCis such that AB=[Link],BC=2cm,CA=[Link] é c |” AABC ~ ADEF and EF = 4 cm, then perimeter of ADEF (a) 7m (b) 6cm 1 is © 4cm (d) 3cm i (a) 75cm {b) 15cm (Term |, 2021-22)(Rg) |) -22.5em (@) 30cm | (Term I, 2021-22) EME (1 mar s+ Inthe given figure, ZAC! AD =3cm, then BDis 6 ZCDA,AC=8em, 2. In the AABC, D and E are points on side AB and AC | respectively such that DE ||[Link]=2cm,AD=3cm__ | c and BD = 4.5 cm, then find CE. (2020-21) (Ap) | WEEN (4.07.6 marks) | Bem, 3. Prove that is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct | points, then the other two sides are divided in the | Aa? 6 same ratio. (2019-20) | ‘Bem 112 & Bem ty 2 em ” Som @ Sem (Term 1, 2024-22) (A) 7 Sldes AB and BE of a right triangle, right angled at B are of lengths 16 em and 8 cm respectively. The length of the side of largest square FDGB that can be inscribed in the triangle ABE is A em] ¢ | a GE ——__> “Gen 2 8 fa) | § (0) 8 om 3 © fom | (Term |, 2021-22) (in) Case ‘study-based questions are compulsory. Attempt any 4 sub parts. Each question carries 1 mark. 8. SCALE FACTOR AND SIMILARITY Scale Factor A scale drawing of an object is the same shape as the object but a different size. The scale of a drawing is a comparison of the length used on a drawing to the length it represents. The scale is written as a ratio. | Similar Figures The ratio of two corresponding sides in similar figures | is called the scale factor. Scale factor . length in image corresponding length in object cm (a) 10 6 'fone shape can become another using Resizing, then the shapes are Similar. ea GEBcase g, \ pis Hence, two shapes ap become the other af® A model of a ngs” The model is a9 boat has a widen 0 the scale modajy °" 6 (@) 20cm (6) 25¢m i) What will effe polygons? (2). They are flipped hy (b) They are dilated by sotaly (2) They are translated down’ er (@)_Theyare not the mins (i © 15. ct the “ng rma {ftw similar triangles hayes Which statement reganahe (a) The ratio of their perimey tersieag, (b) Their altitudes have ara ] tioa: ()_ Their medians have a ratio @ 2 (@) Their angle bisector havearatog (iv) The shadow of a stick § mk same time the shadow ofatrec a, atree tas si ‘Shadow i (2) 3m (b) 35m (c) 45m (v)_ Below you see a student's mathena! of a farmhouse roof with mezs#® attic floor, ABCD in the model 53 beams that support the roof ae rectangular prism, EFGHKL AT, Fis the middle of BT, 6 and H is the middle of DT. Al Pyramid in the model have en 113 WEEE (1 mari 9. In the figure, if ZACB = ZCDA,AC = 6 cm and AD = 2 m, then find the length of AB. > 3 © (2019-20) A (2marks) 10. In the given figure, DEFG is a square and ZBAC = 90". ‘Show that FG? = BG FC. 4 LI otis the nah of EF, where EF sone of tye EERIE 2a zontal edges of the block? 11. The perimeters of two similar triengles 2 hora piney ccm and 15 cm respectively. If one side of the first fa) 24m - triangle is 9 cm, find the length of the corresponding 6m (4) 10m (2020-21) side of the second triangle. (2020-21) Detailed Ge Wiehe (2019-20) fa PERSE Sng 327 oe BY Alleowentric circles are similar to each other = 36C=2%27 a = eco54 «180m 5. Given, Xis middle point of AC and XY || AB. WebavetproveVismilepantctBe In MABC, XY || AB ome ; oor een) 0 XA YB [By ae) Butxisthemielepintof AC 2 ‘wo polygons having same number of sic = OX=XA ‘corresponding sides proportional are not similar. From (i) and (ii), we get c 2 (Suppose PQIIAB uci: Bybasic proportionality theorem, we have YB . Beico | xs x = c-¥8 PA QB 3x+197 Sx+4 Yismiddle point of BC a = : ile 19K= 3x2 + 9x+.4x+ 12 In ABC, DE || BC Q 2 bean es 209/\gem Stora 2,PQi AB = 2-8 eyeer) 3 4 Winaase, oeyac 3.2 45 (ByBPT] _, 3Ec=9=6C=3em | i te ee | as” EC e © | | 114 Gmrmn©® | 20. IA pe > Basle proportionality theorom + If. tine Is drawn => AQ tiga parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides In dlstnetpotnts, the other wo sides are tn apc) i divided Into the same ratio, | ae leo so SR Ap 7. nAABC, DEI BC OR be AD _ AE [By [Link]] From (i DB Ec Dard iy, AQ an = 28 = QB pp WN N41 x45 AQ “aR R = xQet 5) = (x43) (41) Hence proveg, = 745 HBxtNt3 * 8. InAABC, DEI] BC | 4% Given, AO gg | OB FE ang (By [Link]] | Weave toprove <0, Now, in Ap (Given) | 8c, eh DEILEc & [By Co, Also, 2D = 2p . Verse Band ce aig = From (i) and, (i), We got ee 9. INAABC, we have DE||AC BE_ BD nib eb [By BPT]..(i) In ABE, DF || AE BF _BD a = Da ([Link]].il) 12. InasRe, PQit re From (i) and (i), we have = 2.59 BF _BE SB SR FE-EC Also, in ASPR, PRI] Qc Hence proved. se SCe SQ SP" SR From (i) and (i), we get, SPS, cote SB sp > ‘SP? = SBx SC Hence proved. 13, Given, PS _PT and zest= cit 5Q7 TR We prove APQR is an isosceles trang PS _PT | Now, in apgr, PS. -PT Now, inaPar, FF =F STIIQR — [By BPTI j Also ZPST= ZPQR and ZPST = _ZPRQ [Given] eA ae oR he (core yn BE Be eae ene para ae : From (and (i, weet EEE oad ny, | a? OE eee [Topper’s Answer, 2020} le ver 2020) APQR is an isosceles tra! \ be vg consider AABC In Which DE || BC, DE Intersects AB at cat E : arn AE {struction : Join BE, CD and EFLAB,DG LAC. Lanx | jgren(SEAD)™ 5 ADX EF 1 spy area of AEDB = > X(basexheight) =i xpBxer 2 | 1 gq area( SEDB) = 5 BX EF I axel 600) _ AD prea(SED8) DB k ‘area (EAD) triangles EDB and ECD are on the same base ‘and between the same parallel lines DE and BC. area(sEDB)=area(QECD) li) i E From (0, (i) and i weave De Ee 45, Given. ABCisa triangle in which AD = BE, DP || BCand NAC A Wehave to prove PQ|| AB In SABC, DPI BC ‘AD _AP = DBT PC [By [Link])..(i) in ABC, EQ IAC BQ_BE OCA peawaD Qc" bs (and (i), we get (ByBPT) fs AD=BE] Ali) By using converse of Basic Proportionality theorem, AB. ( » . & R ZA= 31%, 2R = 69° and AABC~ APQR 2 P= 2a=3r ~ £Q= 180° - (31°+ 69°) [By angle sum property] 115, Qn 80" | 2 Thesumof interior angles of atrlangle Is 180°, 17. (c):Let AB be the pole and PQ be the tower. Let height of tower be hm. Now, AABC ~ APQR had 9X51 57 h=a7m, 18. (c):Wehave, ZABC + ZACB = 90° InABDA, ZABD+ ZBAD = 90° [Given] ‘a [By angle sum proper From (i) and (i), we get, ZACB = BAD InAADCand ABDA ZADC = ZBDA=90" ZACD= ZBAD ‘AADC ~ ABDA [Proved above] [By AA similarity] 2D _,av?=[Link] ‘> Two angles are complementary to each other, if the sum of both angles is 90°. 19. (b):In ARST and ARPQ, ZR=2R [Common] ZRTS = ZRQP= 47° [Given] ‘ARST~ARPQ (By AA similarity] ST_RT_,x__¢ ‘ABC ~ AFED [By SAS similarity criterion] 21. Given, ZADC= ZBAC A weprove, /\ "Ca In BAC and AADC KS | ZADC= ZBAC [Given] 2BCA= ZACD {Common} ‘ABAC~ AADC [By AA similarity criterion} AB_CB_CA AD" CA” cD 118 rd PMC: tangles EDB and ECD are on the same base a SG Aveen the same parallel ines DE and BC. (ii) ©. area (AEDB) » area (AECD) “ From (0. (i) ane (i), we have AD. DB Li ides For (We know that, rato of altitudes * ratio of § for similar triangles ) SOAM:PN= AB: PQ= 2:3 : 5. (b); ABC ~ ADEF e Perimeter of AABC BC Perimeter of ADEF ~ EF os 342425 2 Perimeter of ADEF ~ 4 (2) = Perimeter of ADEF = 15 cm a $ (6): IN AACD and AABC, we have A=LA (Common) a6 Now, AETF ~ AATB (BY SAS sin : TLE crag, AT BT AB 9. InAACBand AADC, ZACB = ZCDA ZCAB = ZCAD . AACB~ AADC (By Aa, Siitarity eg 10. InAADE and AFEC, ZDAE = ZEFC sq ZAED = ZECF (Correspondingn + MADE ~ AFEC (By AA criterion _ Similarly, AADE~AGBD (By AA criterion AGBD ~ AFEC [From (i) and iy GD B FO" FE =? GDXFE=GBxFC => FGxFG=GBx FC te = FG?=BGxFC 11. Given one side of first triangle is 9cm. Let the length of the corresponding side of triangle be x cm. Now, ratio of perimeter Perimeter offirst triangle _9 Perimeter of second triangl [In similar triangles, the perimeter of the tay in the ratio of their correspond: x oie = x=5.4cm —<2@oo_ ged QUESTIONS Be eect ot MERNE ROBES father eins Coe GAY DE SAVE Rott wa = gre ASHE OF butting, Rohtt neon tase 2M phoedl a iron on ground ra re the HEHE Of butiAding, He kevel Co le Is standing 8 Qeny eee 9 that he can see the tones ? ws rsthccted from tnltror, Rohit eye level see SHH Th stance of Rane ay gat HAC OE RAINS from minor are Lee PS eee Sm a Miron 15m 5 jon the sbove information, attempt any 4 out of se triangles formed in the above figure Msvisnd CMD (b) AAMB and ACOM sand ACDM — (d)_ None of these > criterion of similarity is applied here? criterion isrity criterion ity criterion larity criterion q Hecht of the building is (0) 2m () 3m (d) 4m M, if ZBAM = 30° then ZMCD is equal to | = (v) 30° : B= (2) 90° 6. _MO=6 cm and BM = 24 cm, then AB is equal to on (b) 18cm i (@) 14cm Z %g in the Backyard: In the backyard of Sass, Shikha has some empty space in the shape BI APQR She decided to make it a garden. She the whole space into three parts by making & AB and CD using bricks to grow flowers Steetables where AB || CD || QR as shown in Multiple Choice Questions ism Based on the glven Information, answer the following, questions, (0) Find the length of AB, (W) Find the length of CD, (1 mark) Inthe given ABC, DE|l BC, so that R AD» (2x4) cm, AE » (5x ~ 2) cm, DB= (3x44) cemandEC# 3xcm. oD, E The value of xis, @) 3) 5 () 4 — @) 25 a © Inthe given figure, AB || DC and 2 c diagonals AC and BD intersect at 0. If AO = (8x ~ 1) cm, BO = (2x + 4) em, OC = (Sx ~ 3) em and OD = (6x ~ 5) cm, then x = . e @ 2 3 © 25 @) 35 ABC ~ ADEF such that AB = 9.1. cm and DE = 6.5 cm. If the perimeter of ADEF is 25 cm, then what is the perimeter of AABC? (@) 35cm (&) 28cm (©) 42cm (a) 40cm ‘Two isosceles triangles have equal angles and their areas are in the ratio 36 : 81. The ratio of their corresponding heights is (a) 2:3 (b) 5:4 () 3:2 (@) 1:4 In AABC, a line XY parallel to BC cuts AB at X and AC at Y. If BY bisects ZXYC, then (a) BC=CY (b) BC=BY () Bc#cY (d)_ None of these If E is a point on side CA of an equilateral triangle ABC such that BE 1 CA, then AB? + BC? + CA? = (a) 386? (b) BE? () 4B? (d) 6 BE? CEA cosec,, 122 cy In ABLA, CD || LA hy or BC _BD ‘ {b) : In ABAC and AADC, we have = "DA (By Bagi, “DCA (Common) oS nh, % ABAC~ AADC [AA similarity) x DA KDR AU(AABC) _ BC? _ (13)? _ 169 _ 469.95 From (1) and (2), we have al AC? GE 25 $62 xe 3. Hence, ¢ % = [Link] : sae: ‘D AD A Ons * aD cD | Inright APOR, Now, in ADBA and | PR? = PO? + OR? ADAC, we have | ZA= > ae S.. 10. Let AB and DE be two pillar of height 200 mand 70m | respectively, distance between their feet is 120 m. Now, ar (arae)=! erase 4 heey AB = CD = 20m, AD 120m and | a, EC=ED-CD=70-20-50m | 14, Since ABC and ACDE are egy | ABCE, by Pythagoras theorem, & 0 *. AABC~ ACDE tera BE? = Bc? + Ec? sont 2 2 + (50/2 oD 20m pom) ar(AABC) (apy? @) => B 30m 120m bt AABCis an equilateral triangle. Draw AE LBC, let BD = 3x, then CD =x Also, Eis mid-point of BC So Di In AAED, AD? = AE? + x2 w(t) C In BAEC, AE? = AC? ~ CE? = (4x)? — (2x)? = So from (1), AD? = 12%? + => AD*=13 cp? 12. In ADB and ACDB, 13% : [: co-% ot 7A =8C | da Bt 4 pc? k=4, 2— pp? XDxE oo 45. AD?= AB} - BD’ eh c2_8C? _aBc? ol a ZADB = ZCDB be ct £0] ZABD = ZCBD [ BD bisect 2B) [BC = 200] ADB ~ ACDB [By AA sirnitarity] ABE Ab) > Bc~ OR 13, Let CL = xem. A Since XY||BC, by Basic Proportionality theo! In AABC, DE || AC 2. | A = / v cae Fa | » yl! ronond0. on sn ayiye Bete AS ADK AE = AC=0em Sa” ve pM eyeed- 26 bcm se T anes ave shill, the ratio of the ie 186 eakdes Is sme AS the rallo of the en eID noo! medians = 4:5" 42K HS A yee PQIBE yp AQ [Thale’s theorem} me a y @ 2, A. Cw dem le 370C B #9 MQ+aC= 446 20cm : 2 nen MBC in buen Pand Qare the points on AB 16. Gr pectively, such that ae Age dem ‘ eter ac * 6m me ore 00" PO wp 1, AQ3 2 » @ pool g"2 QC 6 2 yee fe = PQIIBC 8 c cone ‘of Basic Proportionality Theorem) Keon apqe ZBand ZA= ZA 5 garg sage [By AA similarity) w(t) —AP fa ‘AP+PB BC [es AP+PB=14+2=3cm) 2 which D Is the mid-point of side BC ‘nd EDIs the bisector of ZADB and EFIBC. ‘Toprove: ZEDF is a right angle. Proof: In ADB, DE is the bisector of ZADB. (1) tr Disthe mid-point of BC g f ® DB= DC] INAABC, EFIBC 8 io (2) From (a) and (2), we get 2 p2_ = Apt =p2- | GT AD= 423 IW AADC, DF divides AC In the rato ADs PC DF Is the bisector of ZADC Thus, DE and DF are the supplementary angles ZADB Henco, ZEDE Is a right a bisectors of adjacent and ZADC respectively A 20. Glvon : AADC In vahich All= AC and D Is any point on HC. ‘To prove: AU? = AD? = [Link] Proof: Draw AE 1 BC Abe c In AADE, AE = 90" aa =e AD? = DE? 1 AL? ft) [Pythagoras Theorern) In AED, 2» 90" =e AD? = DE? 4 AE? (2) [Pythagoras Theorem] From (1) and (2), we get ‘AB? ~ AD? = BE? - DE? => AB? ~ AD? « (BE + DE) (BE - DE) (3) Since perpendicular from the vertex of an isosceles trlangle bisects the base, we have BE = CE Now, from (3), ‘AB? ~ AD? » (CE + ED) (BE - DE) = (CD) (BD) [+s CE++ ED = CD, BE - DE = BD) AB? - AD? = BD-CD. 21. Given: APQR In which ZPQR = 90% S points of trisection of QR. To prove : SPT? = SPR? + SPS? Proof : Let Q5= ST = TR =x. Then, QS = x, QT = 2x and QR = 3x. In right APQS, APQT and APQR, by Pythagoras theorem, we have PS? = PQ? + QS%, PT? = PQ? + QT? and PR? = PQ?+.QR? 2. PR? + SPS? - BPT? = 3(0Q? + QR?) + 5(PQ? + QS?) - B(PQ? + QT?) = 3QR? + 5QS? - BQT* = 3 x (Bx)? + Sx? = B x (2x)? [1s QR = 3x, QS= x and QT = 2x] = 27x + Sx? ~ 32x? = 0 Thus, SPR? + SPS? - 8PT? = 0 Hence, 8PT? = 3PR? + SPS?. and Tare the or In Isosceles triangle, perpendicular bisects base. So, a= A Now, in AADB, b b 2 2 ap2a(% weav?+(2) »— pe. 2 =5:[Link] AtealADEF) : nfo" Area(ACFB)" > € 8 c Jes of height @ metres and b metres are p 10 PP part. Prove that the height of the point of re Detailed )) [Link] = ZD = 90°, ZAMB = ZCMD 1 oS ingle of reflection) aasimilarity criterion, SABM ~ ACDM a 7 (@ fr SABM ~ ACDM {p):Since, SABM ~ ACDM Lax LE= 3? [z Corresponding angles of similar triangles are also equal] we ti) (p:Since, ABM ~ ACDM 2 (i) InAPABand APQR, ‘B= 2? (Common) ‘ZA= £Q (Corresponding angles) ByAAsimilarity criterion, APAB ~ APQR 25 _PA PQ @ Similarly, APCD and APQR are sit 14_CD ° a ag: AD LAE _, 2x24 _Sx-2 oO C 3x4 3 R(x ~ 4) = (5x - 2) (3x+4) > 2x? 12K = 15x27 + 14x-8 > 6-26+8=0 = 3e-13e+4=0 > -4)(8x-1)=0 = x=4orx= 1/3. Bits 13 gives AE negative. So, x= 1/3. Hence. x= 4, ilar. =CD=7m 321 intersection of the lines joining the top of each pole al to the foot of the opposite pole is given bY 575 metres. OR ABCD is a trapezium with =A AB || DC. Diagonals AC and BD intersect at E. If AAED is similar to ABEC. Prove that ic AD = BC. AO _ 80 [OCOD (3x 2) (6x-5)= 18x? -21K+5 8x? - 20x + (&-2) (2x-1)=0 = x=2orx= V2. -But, x= 1/2 makes OC negative. Hence,x=2. 5. (ay, Petimeterot ABC _ AB Perimeter of ADEF ~ DE Let perimeter of SABCis p. 2 =2427 = pa3sem 25°65°5 6, (a}:Two isosceles triangles are similar as they have equal angles. In similar triangles, ratio of their heights is equal to ratio of square root of their areas. V36 ver {a):Since, BY bisects ZXYC, 3x-1_2x+1 — 5x-3 6x-5 fe have, =. Ratio of their heights XY || BC] From (1) and (2), ZBYC = ZYBC ABYC is an isosceles triangle and BC = 8. (c): AABCis an equilateral triangle; AB=BC=CA A 120 gem OR cect | 1 BEN” apc and sscrtgemi en ane AADCis 16. © 9. InAABC, AD 1 BC and Al ZBAC = 90% 10. Two pillars of heig! 120 m apart. Find t 411, Apoint Dis on the side BC of hts 70 m and 20 ™ he distance betwee” an equilateral triang! = 13D". le | ABC such that DC = ral ABCD bisects 12. If the diagonal BD of unit e diagon: oD both 2B and 2D, prove that Bo 2 oD - 13. In figure, CD || LA and DE || AC. ae cL. aN 4emeé 2emC In given figure, OP = 5 cm and OR = 12 cm and QR = 85 cm find the area of APQR. 22. ‘SA I Type Questions (2marks) | 23. 14, AABC and ACDE are two equilateral triangles such that D is the mid-point of BC. The ratio of the areas of ACDE and AABCis 1 :k, then find the value of k = joc. Prove that AD ie 21. AD* = KDC", then fing, Ha, * fir they vay XY is drawn paral) ¢ " AB at X and AC at y, it ane find the length of ay aN IF corresponding sigs the ratio 4 : 5, then gg Moy, trlangles are inthe rat 4k Pand Qare the points on. “Fh of a ABC, such that ma On Sd ee AQ = [Link], then find the jy ni | Gal Type d mare standing | SA II Type Questions their tops: 18. P and Q are Per = he respectively of ABC. fap. and QC = 6 em, show that a cy In ABC, D is mid-point of ge of ZADB and EF is drawn p.*% F, Prove that ZEDFis a i te In a AABC, AB = AC and Dig that AB? - AD? = [Link], In the figure below, APQR ig, the points $ and T trisect thes PT? = 3PR? + SPS?, P Samy, Q_ setae! OR If in an isosceles triangle ais the) and b the length of one of the ey area is ivke? a . Find k. In a trapezium ABCD, O is ‘the poi of AC and BD, AB || CD and AB=? AAOB = 84 cm?, find the areaofaC LA Type Questions In trapezium ABCD, AB Il cand parallel to AB cuts AD at F BE_3 == 5. Di 1 DB intersees® Ee 7 4: Diagonal 7EF = 10AB.

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