Science revision questions ( yuvraj)

Q1) What do we get from vegetables, cereals, pulses and fruits?

Vegetables and fruits give us vitamins and minerals. They protect us from diseases.

Cereals (like wheat and rice) give us carbohydrates for energy.

Pulses (like gram and lentils) give us proteins for body growth and repair.

Q2) How do plants get nutrients?

Plants absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots.

Leaves prepare food by photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.

Nutrients are transported to all parts of the plant through xylem and phloem.

Q3) How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?

A vibrating object produces sound waves.

These waves travel through a medium (like air) as compressions and rarefactions.

When the waves reach our ear, they vibrate the eardrum.

The brain interprets these vibrations as sound.

Q4) Why are sound waves called mechanical waves?

Sound waves need a material medium (solid, liquid or gas) to travel.

They cannot travel in vacuum.

Therefore, they are called mechanical waves.

Q5) Define 1 joule of work.

Work is said to be 1 joule when a force of 1 newton moves an object by 1 meter in the
direction of the force.
Q6) Define 1 watt of power.

1 watt is the power when 1 joule of work is done in 1 second.

Formula: Power = Work / Time.

Q7) What are canal rays?

Canal rays are positively charged particles.

They were discovered by Eugen Goldstein.

They move in the opposite direction of cathode rays.

They helped in the discovery of protons.

Q8) On the basis of Thomson’s model of atom, explain how atom is neutral.

According to J. J. Thomson, an atom is like a positively charged sphere.

Electrons are embedded in it like raisins in a pudding.

The total positive charge equals total negative charge.

Therefore, the atom is electrically neutral.

Q9) What is a tissue?

A tissue is a group of similar cells.

These cells work together to perform a specific function.

Example: Muscle tissue helps in movement.

Q10) What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?

Tissues divide work among different groups of cells.

They make the body more efficient.

They help in growth, movement and protection.

Q11) What are macronutrients? Why are they called macronutrients?

Macronutrients are nutrients required by plants in large amounts.

Examples: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium.

They are called macronutrients because plants need them in large quantities for growth.

Q12) What are the advantages of composite fish culture?

Different types of fish are grown together in one pond.

All fish use different food sources.

There is less competition for food.

Fish production increases and profit is higher.

18) What is sound and how is it produced?

Sound is a form of energy that produces the sensation of hearing.

It is produced by vibrating objects.

When an object vibrates, it creates compressions and rarefactions in the surrounding

medium (like air).

These waves reach our ears and we hear sound.

.14) What is the audible range of an average human?

The audible range of an average human is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).

Sounds below 20 Hz are called infrasonic.

Sounds above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasonic.

.15) State whether the following situations are possible. Give example.

(i) An object with constant acceleration but zero velocity

Yes, possible.

Example: At the highest point of a ball thrown upward, velocity becomes zero for a moment
but acceleration due to gravity still acts.

(ii) An object moving in a certain direction with acceleration perpendicular to it

Yes, possible.

Example: Circular motion. In circular motion, acceleration (centripetal acceleration) acts

towards the centre, perpendicular to motion.

18) How does water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?

An earthen pot has small pores.

Water slowly comes out through these pores and evaporates.

Evaporation takes heat from the water.

Therefore, the remaining water becomes cool.

19) Why does our palm feel cold when we put acetone, petrol or perfume on it?

Acetone, petrol and perfume evaporate quickly.

During evaporation, they absorb heat from our palm.

Loss of heat makes our palm feel cold.

20) Explain the following with examples:

(i) Saturated Solution

A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

Example: Salt solution in which extra salt remains undissolved.

(ii) Colloids

A mixture in which small particles are evenly spread but do not settle down.

Example: Milk.

(iii) Pure Substance

A substance made of only one kind of particles.

Example: Gold, Oxygen.

(iv) Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Example: In a chemical reaction, total mass of reactants = total mass of products.

.21) Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory explains the law of conservation of
mass?

(According to John Dalton)

The postulate that atoms can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
explains the law of conservation of mass.

22) Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory explains the law of definite
proportions?

The postulate that atoms of the same element have same mass and chemical properties
explains the law of definite proportions.

Also, atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.

.23) Identify the types of tissue:

(i) Skin → Epithelial tissue

(ii) Bark of tree → Protective tissue (Cork)
(iii) Bone → Connective tissue
(iv) Lining of kidney tubule → Epithelial tissue (Cuboidal epithelium)

Q24) What are the limitations of J.J. Thomson’s model of the atom?

(According to J. J. Thomson)

It could not explain the results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.

It did not explain the presence of a nucleus.

It could not explain how electrons are arranged in the atom.

It failed to explain the stability of the atom.

Q25) What are the limitations of Rutherford’s model of the atom?

(According to Ernest Rutherford)

It could not explain why electrons do not fall into the nucleus.

It could not explain the distribution of electrons in different energy levels.

It did not explain the line spectra of atoms.

Q26) What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agriculture?

Genetic manipulation means changing the genes of plants or animals.

It is done to improve their qualities.

Uses in agriculture:

To increase crop production.

To make crops disease-resistant.

To improve quality and size of fruits and grains.

Q27) How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?

They increase milk, egg and meat production.

Healthy animals give better quality products.

Proper care reduces diseases.

Farmers earn more profit.

Q28) Calculate the wavelength of a sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz and speed
is 440 m/s.

Formula:
Speed = Frequency × Wavelength

V = fλ

Given:

V = 440 m/s

f = 220 Hz

λ=V/f

λ = 440 / 220

λ=2m

Answer: Wavelength = 2 meters

Q29) A sound wave travels at 389 m/s. If wavelength is 1.5 cm, find frequency. Will it be
audible?

Given:

V = 389 m/s

λ = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m

Formula:

f=V/λ

f = 389 / 0.015

f = 25,933 Hz (approx.)

Human audible range = 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

Since 25,933 Hz is more than 20,000 Hz,

It will NOT be audible.

Q30) Define valency with examples of silicon and oxygen.

Valency is the combining capacity of an atom.

It is the number of electrons gained, lost or shared during bonding.

Example:

Silicon (Atomic number 14) → Valency = 4

Oxygen (Atomic number 8) → Valency = 2

Q31) Explain with examples:

(i) Atomic Number

Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

Example: Oxygen has atomic number 8.

(ii) Mass Number

Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Example: Carbon-12 has mass number 12.

(iii) Isotopes

Atoms of the same element having same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Example: Hydrogen-1, Hydrogen-2.

Two uses of isotopes:

Cobalt-60 is used in cancer treatment.

Uranium-235 is used as nuclear fuel.

(iv) Isobars

Atoms of different elements having same mass number but different atomic numbers.

Example: Calcium-40 and Argon-40.

Q32) Distinguish between Distance and Displacement

Distance Displacement
Total path covered Shortest path between two points
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
Always positive Can be positive, negative or zero
Q33) Describe nerve cell (neuron) with labelled diagram
Nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of nervous system.

It receives and transmits messages.

Parts:

Dendrites – Receive signals

Cell body – Controls activities

Axon – Carries message away

Simple diagram for exam:

Dendrites → Cell Body → Axon

(You can draw a long tail-like structure for axon in exam.)

Q34) Distinguish between Speed and Velocity

Speed Velocity
Distance per unit time Displacement per unit time
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
No direction Has direction

Q35) Describe striated muscular tissue and cardiac muscular tissue with diagram.

(i) Striated Muscle Tissue

Also called skeletal muscle.

Found attached to bones.

Cells are long, cylindrical and have many nuclei.

Light and dark bands (striations) are present.

It works under our control (voluntary).

Simple Diagram:

(ii) Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Found only in the heart.

Cells are branched and have one nucleus.

Striations are present.

It works automatically (involuntary).

Helps in pumping blood.

Simple Diagram:

Q36) Convert into Celsius scale

Formula:

°C = K – 273

(i) 300 K

= 300 – 273

= 27°C

(ii) 579 K

= 579 – 273

= 306°C

Q37) Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot day?

Desert cooler works on the principle of evaporation.

On a hot day, evaporation is faster.

Faster evaporation removes more heat.

Therefore, cooling is better.

Q38) What type of clothes do we wear in summer?

We wear light-coloured, loose cotton clothes.

Cotton absorbs sweat.

Light colours reflect heat.

Loose clothes allow air circulation

Q39) What is meant by a substance?

A substance is a pure form of matter.

It has fixed composition and definite properties.

Example: Gold, Oxygen.

Q40) Difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture

Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

Uniform composition Non-uniform composition
Components not visible Components visible
Example: Salt in water Example: Sand in water

Q41) How are solution and suspension different?

Solution Suspension
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
Particles not visible Particles visible
Do not settle down Settle down on standing
Cannot be filtered Can be filtered

Q42) Define atomic mass unit (amu).

Atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom.

It is written as 1 u.

Q43) What is meant by chemical formula?

Chemical formula shows the symbols of elements and number of atoms in a compound.

Example: H₂O shows 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

Q44) On the basis of Thomson’s model of atom, explain how atom is neutral as a
whole.
(According to J. J. Thomson)

Atom is a positively charged sphere.

Electrons are embedded inside it.

Total positive charge equals total negative charge.

Therefore, atom is electrically neutral.