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Effective Java

Effective Java is a programming language guide authored by Joshua Bloch, focusing on best practices for Java programming. The book is highly rated and recommended for both students and professionals, with multiple accolades including the World Editors' Choice award. It has been published in various editions and is recognized as essential reading in many academic institutions.

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37 views239 pages

Effective Java

Effective Java is a programming language guide authored by Joshua Bloch, focusing on best practices for Java programming. The book is highly rated and recommended for both students and professionals, with multiple accolades including the World Editors' Choice award. It has been published in various editions and is recognized as essential reading in many academic institutions.

Uploaded by

Tom Chen
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Sun BAR ORA BA | Effective Java Programming Language Guide Effective Java Programming Language Guide Effective Java '! chiz GEttective lavetP OR) SHE TTERALA M,N TAKER FRARSAA HEGRE, BAe PSS LH CAMEAM SH, PTRRTAMTERHTE, TEA. MER, ALPHA, BUC. CORT RAM, RB DRHEERSS He —* RMA . Re) PRAMAS Ses SHOR ASH, TATA, ROSEN BEANS. RE AASSAALNK MER, o JRHRMHEERS, UME. TRS ERMAN RSE AFAR AMR Jove SOAS RASCH Mk Javeig ANE MAE ra MRM SOT EN BONER Site AR FORA YUM: Jove ang, jave til — 4 A Raa io SF LOATH, ep UA ANT ALAIN eeee —— = ——_— ; Sriainin Jolt & Productivity World Editors’ Choice best ae ak title Rated 5 [Link] [Link]. Award, 2002 Award, 2002 at JavaOne 2001, 2002 with over 60 reviews Recommended or required reading al many colleges and universities Tec mt : Caleye Merci 7 ap | SBN T-111-13a5:5 it + * #9 "787111°11 3861 acinde Benton College, Clason Uni Glaicas w .com } ARAMA AMIS 100037 BRE. (010)68995259, 8006100280 -emeMT Safa chiefeditor @[Link] ISBN 7-111-113B5-3TP - 2731 Eft: 39.00 7% es ® TP312 1040 SunS SAR BRAMB Effective JavaD3Zhy Effective Java Programming Language Guide (&) Joshua Bloch # BRR Ce) eT oth Be at China Machine Press ABIES lava STRICT MAME OM, Lee AR NAT AE HARARE M BORA Dave FA Rit SRM BRAND wis. AR Te A. TE Re, AE RENN DRAM. ALO RB, ASR TOR AWE, RABI MS AG, SR PCR i, RFS LMT TW MRE, MT SEK Simplified Chinese edition copynght © 2002 by PEARSON EDUCATION NORTH ASIA LIMITED and China Machine Press. ‘Oviginal English language title: Effective Java Programming Language Guide, by Joshua Bloch, Copyright © 2002 Sun Microsystems,tac. ISBN 0-201-31005-8 Published by arrangement with the original publisher, Pearson Education, Inc. publishing. by Prentice-Hall , Inc.. ‘This edition is authorized for sale only in the People’s Republie of China (excluding the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong and Macau) AVALON # Pearson Educations #07 HME MI ROLE DMRS, ba ALA, RRA, ABHMALBIGS: AF: 01-2001-4782 BBENURB (CIP) SOR Effective Javarh SCH / (28) ARIE ( Bloch, J) Hs ASBELF. —bsk. LCT ue EE, 2008.1 (Sun SFA SORI A) BRIG: Rffective Tava Programming Language Guide ISBN 7-111-21385-3 TB 1.O¥e Qik Mm savanat - REE W.TP3a PRAT RICIPRAR HEE (2000 ) 1028665 URL HHAREE cies ax wi 22-9 peaRIRRS 100037) Ha: HH SERRA A FD « SEA A RAT IR RT 2003 4 1 FM 1 e203 F398 2 ATL ‘TTX 109mm 1/16 + 14.75 3K 5 001-8 000 AE 26: 39.00% AMAT, WAIT. BER. SA, ORT ARR Bar HE-AAARH DH, CRE RUA AP LAS. ESE EPPA Z BE CA Be A AS — SEH RS ACHR 8 BA A FRINADAK (http:[Link]/), RMB, CRAFT PRA, (FMR. MMM CREE TRMASS A RGLASUSSKAT RAMA, LEM RRARA Bava ek, WRAL Java LINE RCTE, ATUL, RIPE AT ER TEST SUR RUN A WAR. HIERABEANE, SAPCAATR KRM, RMA Re? FE OH, REAEMRET » BARS Flava PRTHAWEX, RAL FScott Meyersi (Effective C++} SF CoB REE R., REHUBAB, PACER WAHT Scou Meyersit AM, BERGE, ERTAMAARKA PR-ROREM, pH RMN ET Java FECTS a AF GEMM, RRS RAPA, BTA AA ae I Blovail A EMER, UPR RA, ATRL K OSE ARENA, REEATEO LHS. K4itk* Joshua BlochsJava Collections Framework @iQit i, RR. PMR TH HME. ARMA T RSE ASM RST RLS, TL, AERA HN RR, MAME BESO. PARAL, HERR Mavak ST AMMAR, BEATA. SARA, RAPRE Ava AOOEA, CHARS CIN MSRM aval, ALF PSE Ta vB PR TT A ORE ZR A BBS A PR aE BF. (HRERAR PEARL, FU, MAREE — TH RRMA T RE, RAPHE EES ERE T 0 ABLOASTREP RHEL, SHRLAILPR—TARM ave FET AAC RAS FASE, GCAO 2p A — se a, VAS AE RT; A BBMavat PBA — ALR, HAUSE RESTA T MDT RARCHR Be 808 mB, PRTET ROHL; AWRVGRAMaval SORES, LIMBO T ava Vv SLRPSRAB FEHB M, AR aver Rit A eM, TR Wii ava RP SLi PRR SE ES MELS SLEA TEA ERG, ARATE RTE UMNO, EAT —RRARRAM DAT, WAM T ALARA PRE (RET, SMA Oavaill i WY 6 ep TPGRIE, DLS Se BMT SBOE, MG TELLS. ARE RA “avail SATE A EER ALE RRA RA LA ERT AAT Rd Bm RO FREES ATTA ET PR ASAD Da wad AA EEA a BPC LS a 2k, IMT CLR BR 7-26 fc Java se 6 APA SP eI SEB PEN SEB. RARE ET ORI, BER CT Ne OE Wy LSB AA — Ae PERL, APTETE SA WL Aw, UAE Cy ASS SHER. MTBEERIET SORA THE. WORT 4S 157 OEE, ABU ZS ARMA, RAE Bava FTA MAS SCIAP ZG AS, GUE, WUE TR ASI eve, ESTE BURR ATB INS? AR, UL aval BRIT LAER, LASS HAO NLS ARTI, AER, AAA aval TORT, OPE, TE ee os ROE RTT SUN, MORRIE ET ABA, ABIL PR ME RH RG RURYAPDR, RII TES Dw AEE ASL LAB ARTO. ARTE Ae A OY Java, BA. BRIT MLM A Bh FOO AP A Nave Tf RE MAES. ALLL ALAS P i SLL AR, OST LA ab Ye I Ah LT CE, IP Cy RHR DR MURS DE A Tavald AME, LE, AUR IUILIR AAD SRT ZE5 ERY RCA GME RTEE, BAAR PAT Bava AE ABR ABAD. MLL, BPH AS HA aw oH, HRP ave AES, OCR TLE EL 6 FONGR, HRCI CAVEAT, ALR BRE Bat Ras BBR SS, HTRHABHA, PRELIM, MARU FlavaihS REM, PL, SE SRIRAM, BARAT YP HERE AE Z MEET A JEAN CH, Weave 2 PG MEAS, FSR, FSC eine, SCBA. SITE, SCR SLE ae CR ARERR. RE AUH, FPERSS A COME, eEK 20024 10A TRAE RLS FF SURAT BREE, “RAS RRR ED BL CBRL OE, GE BSWRAG? "(Spouse of me this night today manufactures the unusual meal in a home. You will join?) RAHRAMF BSBA =H. B—, AFLERERS RM EBL, RETAALARNSE, AB) ARRAS EH. MARELLA LBOMS, HARARE IMR, BAR SR ERB. AOR HOT CGB), UTS RAR CAL), DAA MADAMA RATRARE ER (AR) ERE LMA AAPA SMA. HY CHAAR EE ON, KASAM ABE ERR HEARS, EMH. KERR: CRMMREN, RAAB 0), ARR mt RS OR BERNE Se. ERNE PRT RR He) BR HE AND REAL Me? KEGERAO TAMARA RAE. AERP SR A GRAMAAA, RAN LAE RAM — FAA. WIE, WT RUIN 85. HR MANLAD SA. AUER, ALAR RTA SW SLR FLT os RO PA AE AM, lve APR DOME BERIT , ERT B, CMR HS HAY ( HAY, statement-oriented ) MALPUHE. Javahé fl tixt IE AR PO, RAR SEA. (LAL, TR Ea RA ee HAS, AFSOLMPFURASRHBNEEAA, CRAMER MLM. 1 DRS Hh AY eT tr RA REE RRB, RM LAER ARE FRAME, Ht — MIST TRA ORTAARB TK, MER OMA. A THT EAR NBS PRR A AER. TOTO AR, a EEE TANF 46 BAA AIR? Fr ME ET LD ava PRE BAIL, 104 (The Java Programming Language} [Arnold00] ( ff #Amold, Gosling fiHolmes, 2000), LJ (client Jo RAR, ATRL, AL RE RRA PAE (API element}. SHH BY ARLE ATA FT HE RAPS SPT APLER., TES PAB ET At APLGR iT API MEAT ARR APLICR, KINA, Javadoc 3: AIT AE ERR EBNF Eat SAH HERR TR. MA PLHP APIS HK Pe Cpublic ) RSH AFH 2A MAEM (protected ) MASINI EM, BSAA IR A ence nee. AMHR, MOR, HAR, UAE AIR: SURE RBM at AS, RRS wT ES ET Ke fre er } ME-+K, HTULEPRACH-TEA, RAR HTRARA TABOR. ERLEAD—-AER, RERORAGE, BORAT PEF ABTA EAR Be RAGE TAA AHA LS Fie (static factory method), RABEL Te, TM EULA ERAT I, TR LAILAS— PIC 6 FIRE ~TK HB001 ean ( Milt RAdocoleanMARA) HHRAT. REMBIT HRA AMM. CET booleanhRiiitit#y—TeooleanH R31AH: public static Boolean valuedf (boolean b) { return (b ? Boolean. TRUE : [Link]); RTLACHS PRR MHS LOB, RK, RAR dei Ko ASL FAA I a, OT, RZ BSL FAO —-+ERE, SHEBAAE, MHI VRAAASE, WR SCF RATE OE BR OR, AEE FHS LD TES TA FAME PRES FOB. Blin, MeMMBiginteger (int, int, Random) if lel MBiginteserPERRA, Mii, MRE ATH [Link] IDA. RAGREABB. (BST)! Wiksiginteger .probablePrimoMHu MAL MT.) RR BEA — TA SE BL EFF A ES AT ARBRE OS ATE RR. CMM SRI IES MMF LATA ih, IE ~ PEE, WATS AAA PL, FAL A LG AS EBA AR es aw TH, RALR ANA AERO RIMEEST MS. RTSAARRORA, RAMS I) TAOS, PLE EC A SHO, xt PERE AYRE AE AAR ILO T BBL HR. WR TRAE S MR, FATA RE Hill, BAGH HRS) PRL RAS PMR, LE AUG FEA A i os tH ESO a. BSL HORI *HE, SHRBHAA, CNGRRAAMAR, PERE UR PRAT. IEA Ae ET EE ( IIR) TE A TO, BOA FG EAE RRA, US FRI A Ee TS OER ae WER ER, Boolean. valueof (boolean) PAMMT RHR: EMEA OBA Re MOR PIE eH HE He EAT) TT FEL OR AL SRO MRE A. MEE OR Op DAR AE PE PS FAT SA Pe, GT LOR “AE nt ey TRE”. SAAT. BH, CAAT RUMMER—ATsingleton ( M2 A), Bo, CRATE RT RIE REAM MASH. Be Ya Ahia. equals (bd) Hie, MR—-PABIETR— A, WA EA PRET = Crypesafe enum) BRENT BORE, string. internT we MARRIES: BB fe. SSLOAROSETTRE, SHEARAA, CNOA TK BOR. DARE LS RMA TAM RIM. BOR UB HII — PEG ALB, —PAPIET ERM — AUR, LBD ARR SAE AS A Hh. LARC EASA RE, OTL MAR AAPL. GAT RAPA a PARR HERTS, BUTE ARORA Ah. CURES dro PR nla, fA, Collections Framework4j204-5 AN ENA, SERIE FANT HRD HS. HEROES. LLERBAS ERR MA— TROL GAK (javacucir. Collections) WHAEL) ARM RTHM, THER ORMRA ATM. SULEAFCollections Framework APIKF20 MATL MA GMAW AALS, ab AMROGEAPHSCR FOR, AER EA. ALP, RBA UR AH ROVE AEE, HLA RE Ea, eee oF (ej 6 82 48_ AiR, TVA MLR SIAR, A UE | FM et JR PARE AS UHL CN 34D. EO MED AS I APA Hk fol BM DRE AAT LE SSA TELE Te A MATE. QRATOS LO ARS RA. BRU AWM RH TRA AAR Ke Te. TAL. A ORSAY RV ho RE OTA PGT HEA RAR TS AE RL RAIS TR RARE. ak AAT WHAM TRAE (service provider framework ) AY. ELM Javaiifl AaeT A CICE, Java Cryptography Extension}, RAM AERRHRA TRS: PEER AERO T SP APISCR, HERLYS AHL AIL HIRE AE | register) KUET HL. PACHA REOPEN EO], HEROES ALB APL, AEX A OUR fi ER he ICES, RETRO A PAB MProper tice RH. MATERA, 12 PS RES EE (string key] BAPFIR AOE R, VU UTS. PRATT TAD TOE HEE SEES. HAAS LT ORE POAT AO ECL R, 1% WH HUE ropectios XAT PINE. AMS CO aAicLass newrnstance TOMA, FAR TRH // Provider Framework sketch public abstract class Foo { // Maps String key to corresponding Class object private static Map impleneatations = ul1; i initializes implenentations map the first tine e's called private static synchronized void initMapIrNecessary() 1 iF Gaplementations == null) { implementations = nen HashMap(); // Load implenentation class names and keys from 77 Properties file, translate names into Class 71 objects using Class. forNane and store mappings, } 1 Public static Foo getInstance(string key) { int MapT#NecessaryQ: Class ¢ = (Class) implementations get (key): if (w= mul) return new DefaultFoo(}: we return (Foo) C-newInstance() : 3 catch (Exception e) { return new DefaultFoa(); d ? 3 teHeTE 7 MELOARHLERAL, AMRASOAMRSLRPHOSAM, RHR FA ko MT SAWBET! HRAMAAK, wheal. Ga, BA FwLCollections Framework PA{E i — TW MAA, RTE, AM ARASH, A Eesti PV ARASH, WTR (WI). BSL AROPIPRAE, CNSHANBSARR ALAR. APCD, & AAS FAR HE oS ABE BS AR OR. AL, ART OL, SE, APPR T ABS) PHT RE A RE A. ANAS wp a tm i ATE A, BRE LEN. WAT SR, BTL RAW Be a FUREY. UAB FMM TAT OAS RTT + valucOL— KAM RT, BRE MOTHS EW SRILA. HATS POURRA LI Wik AE A ETE. * getInstance — i FIN SAB HM SBOE, (RARER 9B Me AL A Ay ff. A Tsingletontii 2, WAH Pe FER eR ia. AMOR, GAS LSA ATO ROA EG BOR, RU RETA Fab, SR LE, mS, AST eA ie, SERS TE (ARCS RR, SL BAT TCA ACB AL A 058 FR SB ZA RA Ne. RRC RRS Rtn. (1) 8 #2 e om. UEFA Huat AB Wsingloton kit os singleton tei ik FAA, EH SEP - BUGammads, p. 127}. singietonih MEE ABBE AR HL A UA HE EH ATE, HG ORAL oR OP SE Aisinglevon ti MAY ATL. ATTA TU ARTE He Aa LH ATO. LE SAUL, AIL REM ER HN, BAHAR > tinal 1 Singleton with Final field public class Elvis { public static Final Elvis INSTANCE = nen Elvis; private ElvisO { oo Uf Remainder omitted ? PAPE RRO ik. ART AILA A MA A tinal ey DERM AE RS OS RR MVR Tel sO hi ~:~ Helv Zid. MF PELs TEAS ORY, BOLT HA ABR. MRR T — ASR OOS NUR, Md RG AH inal, // Singleton with static Factory public class Elvis { private static Final Elvis INSTANCE = new ElvisO: private Elvis() { y public static Elvis getinstance) { retuen INSTANCE: ¥ =f Remainder omitted } SAM FSH vis. gettnstanceltiih, MBeblle] —PA GH, MLL, 4 SAME vis Tela SPRITES DMR AP CE i 2 RS YA TR EHH POR ‘*singleton: ROP EMUE tinal ty, BLOKE te a AOE SL Sh ROG Re Ete ae MARARER PRE. WLR, MARV MSC BE Te AEM AS Co eA Bec (inlining }, eR FE EH. BOA WERT, CRT RTE: (ORR AEAPIOVATHE FSP oe (i ee eA i, JE Ritittsingleton, RA Pik singleton. singletonAy eas LI” Wy wei Miz KA —T AB), AAR CALABAR SR He A a EN FB HE A. Ee, MRE kA —Tsingleton, MAMAS HAMAR. SO RRR AAM— OR, BARB TK. AT AR— P singleton EH FING ( serializable) (MIRO), LRH IN “implements Serializable” RBM. ATHPsingletouti, (paral w swe — 4 readResolveWik (MAST). BMW, — TPR ALMS AER DUZTAILITR. ab SPM TMS, HMI, ERAT, SSK TEL vis”. WT LE FR, Elvis PMA Pie ccadResolve vik: 11 readResolve method to preserve singleton property private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreanexception { o * Return the one true Elvis and Tet the garbage collector = take care of the Elvis impersonator. v return INSTANCE; BAAR CURT AS 2 RE) MR RE Ce ATORERRSAAMASRARARR, UREA MMBLE, RABAT PARI. AR ONIN F, BORA TSO, MEI I, HAMAR PRABA— 7 TRE. HEE — oe OR) 4b, BORO Swe ABE. OB ete a aT AY PU PRR DAR NSE ARE A Aa A ON. 1 #29 _ ee Cor ta eee BLY ARSR THA ASRST RAMPS ROK. RMR MRIS BB, FLD A AAT Mt OG PA OS tT RW CHA OSE. RADAR MS, PPR PE em ROY eR Pe A XHRAAMA, [Link]#[Link] Mew AT LEIP TE CEU BAR LY PRA, H[[Link], RUA LA ALS APHEAR ARE fina UR PAS RIOT, LURE RSA ee. RAW IA Cuiliry class) RGR AG, EMT EL. BT, OE ROKER MINER TRI AH aR CAAT, CSM ae ee (default constructor). WFAS IA, ETA BARS MN RA EET, AD BATHAPEE RET UAB RE Be EL, RARE ERALE- TRAM MARA TERY, LRAT, OT FC, PURPORT. BM, AMAR. DORR BI £ SR RINT CWRBIS ZR 1. AAT, AAS 2 BR WT BUR RA BO, PHAM TRG GAME GRIT, ERT Se RR A aL, BEML, BEAN RELAPRASATEAMAAMEAR, MEMATECOLT: U1 Noninstantiable utility class public class UrtiityClass ( 17 Suppress default constructor for noninstanttability private UrilityClass() { 7/ This constructor will never be invoked + If Renainder omitted » FEA RAHA ROL AMANO). BELA CERRY INO BRL MR Pa. RRA AR SS BORA YAP ARIAL, RARER ERS ee IL, RA TRA AER EA, He HERR STRTRT IAP. OL, WR OU MeMt Rhea J Hae TE Oi STEER SEP DRA A RIE, ER OR HEE EAE, FAG OA iw MAB es 2 BET] TTP (superclass) HAAR, Fit wa Ak Resta eA, FERMI F. FRR 12) SATU AP ORS . Saks I (Sam: Brome : ) EXPAR-THR, HKLGERARAN ROE TORE SOMAR, BE BAGH. BAHAR, WHOM TT. MIRTH REA TH (immutable ) ( ILB13 ), MACRAA LE. HAT LOLS, RF ENED: String s = new String("silly"); // DON'T DO THIS! KEUP RATAN RBOR—THMString TO, HRA MRA FEREDRH, SBRscringW® SKOKS (“silly”) AARR—TstrinaKHl, W Ae LPS AA RHE RAR, RITE Ma, RET SARAAED, BARF LARGE string RASROB MK. ABER BFA String s = “No Tonger silly"; BTMARRATstringRH, HAESKRATHNROE THOS. WE, CHURE. MPRALA TEMPS TORE, ARENA OSHS Ee, UBS RAL SAILS, 3.10.5). REM RA LT Ak REI) WERT SS, HARTA SL VRETKEHERK, URRUEEROMR, HM, WEL [Link] (String) LF SERA FM EMM Boolean (String) » MRR ERK BA A SET OMR, HBS LO PERT RAR RTE TROMRS, AFAR ARCRMTRNM, KLTUEAEH. FRET LHR LO, SE Ree ETB ZBMARBA BM. (BMT public class Person { private final Date birthbate; 7/ Other Fields omitted public Person(Date birthate) { [Link] = birthDate; 77 DON'T DO THIS! public boolean isBabyBooner() { Calendar gntcal = Calender getinstanceTiZoe gerrneore 9): etal set (lots, calendar. 2ANARY, 1, 6, Date boorStart. © grtcal getti9e0: OeeCats set C1965, Calendar JANUARY. 2, 8, 8, 09: Dave hoortng = gmeea’ gestae: return birthdate, conporeTorboowstart) = @ 8 birhbate conpareTotboontna) <9 : 5 lehabyRoomer SKMB MWA, MAC R— PH Mcalondar, -haAY ne MATA De Ce], RARE. OF ORLA ae Cinitialicer }, 324% T Lim T AYR vim class Person { private final date birthDate; public Person(Oate birthdate) { this. birthDate = birthDate: ” * The starting and ending dates of the baby boom. ” private static Fina) Date BOOM START; private static Final Date 800M_END: static { Calendar gatCal = Catena: getlontanceTiezone set intZon( OT") [Link] (1946, Calendar. JANUARY, 1, @, BOON START = [Link]: [Link] (2965, Calendar. JANUARY, 1, @, @, 0): [Link] = gatCat-getTined) : ¥ public boolean istabyBooner®) { return [Link]([Link]) >= @ a8 [Link](B0OH_END) <0; SOE MAM or son RARE ee Lat A GIBCa lendar, TimeZone MbateX 1K, BEV RATEK i euabySoomer Ri TMM RARE EI], WRisBabyBooner hy AME TAG. WO ae East RE RR. ER AOLY PRIME aI. BORA HE 36 000ms, ECE ASIA A FE37OMs, ALVES LOOK. BR PREM 29h, HELA Kea MAMET. Mbooms tart Mboor End JA kl AG REG final BPS BE, AEN, POEM TE Ny BAL AT PTR A FS OL Pg, YL, SEAL PCAN MORSE DE aD AMM, EAP Aca lendar TfmAilie Et Haat. Sisk AMR 1 MW RisBabyBoomer HKATORARBN, RAPersonR MyM aM A MBA DR A Mik beoom_sTART#HIBOOM_ENDM. WARM IMe (lazily initializing } ( WHABK) Hh Pk ESL Pa IE HSB Ds sBabyRoomer WKF — IK BRAN OBL AR WA OT AG RE SAME L, HATER. URS ME Clazy initialization) 4% BHO OL— FE. SR PEM a2 OB Fa Hs A) EL US IATL IEMA Ew SE SR (OLAS 7 PARAM AOA T HY, AALS. OMAR MILA, Rel BRE BASE, Hw EEA A QIR BART M IRE B (adapter) HHA [Gamma95, p. 139], TATRA NALA (view). —EMAIMERN— POR, CHEE FSG — THR, TWAS He aL OTL ch Paimedkoh Ya ame 2b, BOR ALMA, BDL TI Pate RRA RE ART. EEO GARR. GUM, MapEOWkeyset WHE bl MMapa Reset MA, TEPER AMap HPPA DYE tkey). HARK, FORK AkeysctMMHOE—THi Msc, MR, TFA e EMMartR, SAHMkeyser MAMA Mset TH, HIME MN set Schl Ae im BENS AL A AR LA Re LY — 7 ee it, BE MME ATRURRED, ENR A—Pmap Xe. ASEH HAR AST ARLE AR A COTM STO IE EA, TRA Lec AMES HERONS” HL. Poi AT A LE, BL, a ELEC DEE RARE REA, PULLER Eo. HLA IR. CRA TEA ME HE. AIA, REA HER RS, MLA A CY at Be ( object pool ) ABER RN) ALR. LIE SE AE ME OA, GRP PR 20 AR a DP Se A SF A Ve Ta. a SUETEIEO BARA ARM, DUR A, ONT, RRA. Mee ACU GR SOAR AL, MOTE A (footprint }, FABSBA HEM. BUCH IVM TSU FE HM ee Re, CER L aS ATE HEE, RAMAN RBI MRP AAG (defensive copying)” WAR. ARBRE AMMA PENS OR, HOLES", FB EE oad BOE THAN ROM, ARETE ANS. LE, ACARI EH RAP PES Set, SU eM BS RA Ol eT a MMAR. HERR TER MER FAT RTD, He SRR OB, he Ads EM RAL RO ELF MU AE A a ee (meme: AMMA GREE TEER (EFA CHCA C++ ) Hee BI — AA BAR oC OEE a Aik, HEA-THFA, LALA UMAS, ANAART MRA, ESR GU. SR TTA REMIT IR, EAA A RTT BU, RE FF HDR, UAAORAE ES RAGE SRT RL, REAR, BART ET ATES AN 71 Can you spot the “wenory Teak"? public class Stack { private Object} elenents: private int size = 8; publ ic StackCint initialCapacity) { [Link] = new Object[initialCapacity] ; public void push(Object e) { ensureCapacityO: elenenes{size++] = e: d public Object popd) { if (size = 0) throw new EaptyStackException(); retura elemoncs[--size]: oa + Ensure space for at least one more elenent, roughly * doubling the capacity each tine the array needs to grow. ” private void ensurecapacity() { if (elements. length — size) { Object[] oldelenents = elements; elements = new Object[2 * elements. length + 1]; System. arraycopy(oldElements, @, elements, @, siz0); ¥ 3 3 Hk RY STAR RTE, EO OTM, CME OR RE, (UE, OMAR ALE, RIE RE PALI, BEL WERT SYR On. RA TGA OTE OLE AD, PEPPER OO R S ARBE. e BEA TREE. SCRE A FEIN S Bea, HE SHRP RIM Con LofMemoryErrortii® ) (HR. UAT A at a WA, RUPEES 4 AAR IK, RIT, BA, MA eA MTR 1S HE AR APY AT HE A ES BL UB, RN A AR SE EET ABUL, AR, RUS ABA He RS eH HIE INA] Cobsolete reference >, BiiH SUS, RRA OPPO STAD. CEASE, AL fpelemenes Sel “FA sl i (active portion }” ZIM TBA AS, elementsi ii RRB Pte Fs i zeta — Bo TEHRAN CARAS PRR “ER eT R 44 (unintentional abject retention)” VK). MA -PARUARLS WERK, FRA, SARL AAA ab BA PER, TA A Se Oh TR LA AL A SR. WG AD REAL Rd UE RRIF, Se BN Se A ce Ro COLA 25h. STA Asa aE IE AOR EMER R--AAM DMMB, AROS, VASSAL. fee MP bi Stacket, AB ACA, HREM AAMT. pop Wik ITM A BOE BR pubTic Object pope) { if (size0) ‘throw new EmptyStackException(): Object result = elenents(- elenents[stze] = null; // Eliminate obsolete reference return result; FASO — PAPA, SR EAE LL ERR LT, RIF or Bais NullPointerException#, mi 7. AAS MRE 17 TA, NT] AER aE AY BRAIN. SARS — TR ML HE OL ALR. SUITES: hPa TOR) i. BREAAURSIC, GUBC. DARREL, WORE IAD, Da eA BABE RIT ORAL, TFTA BIER. OL" RAO REE Re HU, NA ARET A, ARR TRAE TREO aR SH ARAY AEB, SR AACA + eR ee ML, AUP ECE BO HE LE ATE XA TER (SUB 20%), MDOT RES A RAMI. EEE, TE ARUAUVME RYE b, ROGER AS, FUROR, QE AR MON, A, MHRA TSA? stackRMRH HEEB AE TP FF nO A? MMS, MAT, Stack eM AA (manage its own memory), # tse (storage pool) Q# T elements CMBINMI, MRE GAS) AK. SR OSH ah he TTX) PN TRA DRM} (allocated), BALA BAD ICRA A doy io 2 # Cire). (ERO ELS AB SF ALIA Shy A EMME A. elements Me FAT AE OUBD ABIL A Re. 1s PE MLE BOR NSE NE hI AE AT. BP A I ae “LS PU BAILA: — UE a a, BAR Pe BEAK SRA, RE TRO CRBC. AER AMIKE RA AMI —Tl—tb AER. WIR eR ae TATE (TTR ARTA MA TERRE, ARE ha Rll ARE RUN. MES ERAN LOK BTA AR Ae Oe ik RL, A STEROL. MRE RE ODE, HERES PEO aR VFL, BRB ER. UR A ARID WeakHashMap HCA; GREEN R Ait M CAAA BEMR, EYE LEE, RRPORA RETR L" SMM RRS WE, HRN OETA EARS fi. 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