Operators in Python

What is an Operator?
An operator is a symbol that performs a specific operation on one or more operands (values or variables).​
For example:

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a = 10

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b=5
print(a + b) # + is an operator

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1. Arithmetic Operators
Used to perform mathematical operations.

Operator Description Example

Pr
Output
ka
+ Addition 10 + 5 15

- Subtraction 10 - 5 5
an

* Multiplication 10 * 5 50

/ Division (float) 10 / 5 2.0

iy

// Floor Division 10 // 3 3
Pr

% Modulus (Remainder) 10 % 3 1

** Exponent (Power) 2 ** 3 8
r.

Example Program:
D

a = 10
b=3

print("Addition:", a + b)
print("Subtraction:", a - b)
print("Multiplication:", a * b)
print("Division:", a / b)
print("Floor Division:", a // b)

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print("Modulus:", a % b)
print("Power:", a ** b)

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

Used to compare two values and return True or False.

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Operator Description Example Output

ha
== Equal to 5 == 5 True

!= Not equal to 5 != 3 True

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> Greater than 10 > 5 True

< Less than 2<8 True

>=

<=
Greater than or equal to

Less than or equal to

10 >= 10

4 <= 7
Pr
True

True
ka
Example Program:

a = 10
an

b=5

print(a == b)
iy

print(a != b)
print(a > b)
Pr

print(a < b)
print(a >= b)
print(a <= b)
r.
D

3. Logical (Boolean) Operators

Used to combine conditional statements.

Operator Description Example Output

and True if both are True (5 > 3) and (10 > 5) True

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 or True if at least one is True (5 < 3) or (10 > 5) True

not Reverses the result not(5 > 3) False

Example Program:

a = 10
b=5

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print((a > b) and (b > 0))
print((a < b) or (b > 0))

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print(not(a == b))

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4. Assignment Operators
Used to assign values to variables.​

Operator Example Same As

Pr
Can also perform an operation and assign at the same time.
ka
= x=5 x=5

+= x += 3 x=x+3
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-= x -= 2 x=x-2

*= x *= 4 x=x*4
iy

/= x /= 2 x=x/2
Pr

%= x %= 3 x=x%3

**= x **= 2 x = x ** 2
r.

//= x //= 3 x = x // 3
D

Example Program:

x = 10
x += 5
print("x after += 5:", x)

x *= 2
print("x after *= 2:", x)

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x -= 4
print("x after -= 4:", x)

5. Ternary Operator (Conditional Expression)

Used to write if-else in a single line.

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Syntax:

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value_if_true if condition else value_if_false

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Example Program:

a = 10
b = 20

min_value = a if a < b else b

print("Smaller number is:", min_value)
Pr
ka
an

6. Bitwise Operators
Used to perform bit-level operations.
iy

Operator Description Example Result (Binary)

Pr

& Bitwise AND 5&3 1 (0101 & 0011 → 0001)

| Bitwise OR 5|3 7 (0101 | 0011 → 0111)

r.

^ Bitwise XOR 5^3 6 (0101 ^ 0011 → 0110)

D

~ Bitwise NOT ~5 -6

<< Left Shift 5 << 1 10

>> Right Shift 5 >> 1 2

Example Program:

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a=5
b=3

print("a & b =", a & b)

print("a | b =", a | b)
print("a ^ b =", a ^ b)
print("~a =", ~a)
print("a << 1 =", a << 1)
print("a >> 1 =", a >> 1)

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ha
7. Increment and Decrement Operators

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Python does not have ++ or -- operators like other languages (C, Java).​
Instead, we use += and -=.

Example Program:

x = 10
x += 1 # increment by 1
Pr
ka
print("After increment:", x)

x -= 1 # decrement by 1
print("After decrement:", x)
an
iy
Pr

Operator Type Example

Arithmetic +, -, *, /, %, **, //
r.

Relational ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

D

Logical and, or, not

Assignment =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

Ternary a if condition else b

Bitwise &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

Increment/Decrement +=, -=

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Python programs based on Operators in Python

1. Arithmetic Operator – Addition

a = 10

b=5

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print("Sum =", a + b)

ha
2. Arithmetic Operator – Subtraction

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a = 10

b=5

print("Difference =", a - b) Pr
ka
3. Arithmetic Operator – Multiplication
an

a = 10

b=5
iy

print("Product =", a * b)
Pr

4. Arithmetic Operator – Division

r.
D

a = 10

b=2

print("Quotient =", a / b)

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5. Arithmetic Operator – Modulus
a = 10

b=3

print("Remainder =", a % b)

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6. Relational Operator – Greater Than

ha
a = 10

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b=5

print(a > b)

Pr
7. Relational Operator – Less Than
ka
a = 10

b = 20
an

print(a < b)
iy
Pr

8. Relational Operator – Equal To

a = 10
r.

b = 10
D

print(a == b)

9. Relational Operator – Not Equal To

a = 10

7
b=5

print(a != b)

10. Logical Operator – AND

a = 10

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b=5

ha
print(a > 5 and b < 10)

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11. Logical Operator – OR
a = 10

b=5
Pr
ka
print(a > 20 or b < 10)
an

12. Logical Operator – NOT

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a = 10
Pr

print(not(a > 5))

r.

13. Assignment Operator

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a = 10

a += 5

print("Value =", a)

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14. Bitwise Operator – AND
a=5

b=3

print("Bitwise AND =", a & b)

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15. Bitwise Operator – OR

ha
a=5

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b=3

print("Bitwise OR =", a | b)

16. Bitwise Operator – XOR

Pr
ka
a=5

b=3
an

print("Bitwise XOR =", a ^ b)

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Pr

17. Ternary Operator (Conditional Expression)

a = 10
r.

b=5
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max = a if a > b else b

print("Maximum =", max)

18. Membership Operator – in

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list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(3 in list1)

19. Identity Operator – is

a = 10

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b = 10

ha
print(a is b)

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20. Simple Calculator Using Operators
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))

b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

Pr
ka
print("Addition =", a + b)
an

print("Subtraction =", a - b)

print("Multiplication =", a * b)
iy

print("Division =", a / b)
Pr
r.
D

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MCQs
1. Which operator is used for addition in Python?
A) *​
B) -​
C) +​

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D) /​
Answer: C) +

ha
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2. Which operator gives the remainder of a division?
A) /​
B) %​
C) //​
D) **​
Pr
ka
Answer: B) %
an

3. What is the output of:

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print(10 // 3)
Pr

A) 3.3​
B) 3​
C) 1​
D) 0​
r.

Answer: B) 3
D

4. Which operator is used for exponentiation?

A) ^​
B) **​
C) //​

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D) %​
Answer: B) **

5. Which operator checks if two values are equal?

A) =​
B) ==​

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C) !=​

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D) <=​
Answer: B) ==

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6. Which logical operator returns True if both conditions are
True?
A) or​
Pr
ka
B) not​
C) and​
D) xor​
an

Answer: C) and
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7. What is the output of:

Pr

print(5 > 3 and 10 < 5)

r.

A) True​
B) False​
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C) 0​
D) 1​
Answer: B) False

8. Which operator checks membership in a list?

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A) is​
B) in​
C) not​
D) ==​
Answer: B) in

9. Which operator checks if two variables refer to the same

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object?

ha
A) ==​
B) =​

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C) is​
D) !=​
Answer: C) is

Pr
ka
10. What is the output of:
print(not(10 > 5))
an

A) True​
B) False​
iy

C) 10​
D) Error​
Pr

Answer: B) False
r.

11. Which of the following is an assignment operator?

D

A) ==​
B) +=​
C) !=​
D) <=​
Answer: B) +=

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12. What is the output of:
print(10 % 4)

A) 2​
B) 3​
C) 4​
D) 0​
Answer: A) 2

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ha
13. Which operator is used for floor division?

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A) /​
B) %​
C) //​
D) **​
Answer: C) // Pr
ka

14. Which bitwise operator is used for AND?

an

A) &&​
B) &​
iy

C) |​
D) ^​
Pr

Answer: B) &
r.

15. What is the output of:

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print(5 & 3)

A) 1​
B) 2​
C) 3​

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D) 5​
Answer: A) 1

16. Which logical operator negates a condition?

A) and​
B) or​

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C) not​

ha
D) !​
Answer: C) not

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17. What is the output of:
print(4 > 3 or 2 > 5)

A) True​
Pr
ka
B) False​
C) Error​
D) None​
an

Answer: A) True
iy

18. Which operator is used in Python’s ternary expression?

Pr

A) ?:​
B) if...else​
C) switch​
r.

D) ->​
D

Answer: B) if...else

19. Which of the following is NOT a Python operator?

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A) +​
B) and​
C) <>​
D) is​
Answer: C) <>

20. What is the output of:

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a=5

ha
b=5
print(a is b)

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A) True​
B) False​
C) Error​
D) None​
Answer: A) True Pr
ka
an
iy
Pr
r.
D

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