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What is Dynamic Routing
A router can learn networks on its own only if it is are directly connected to its
active interfaces. In other words, it can discover only those network paths that
are directly available on its interfaces. If a router does not have an entry for a
network in the routing table, it drops the incoming packets of that network. In
the dynamic routing, we configure a routing protocol and later the routing
protocol automatically discovers the remote networks and adds them into its
routing table. Since a router learns dynamic routes through a routing protocol, a
routing protocol must be configured and activated before the router can learn
any dynamic routes.
What is Dynamic Routing
Comparisons between static and dynamic routing
Both types of routing have their advantages and disadvantages. The
advantages of one type of routing are the disadvantages of the other types
of routing
Categories of Dynamic Routing
There are two main types of dynamic routing protocols:
1. Distance-Vector Routing Protocols: Distance-vector protocols determine the
best path to a destination network based on the distance. They periodically
exchange routing updates with neighboring routers, sharing information about
their known routes. Examples of distance-vector protocols include Routing
Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP).
Cont …
2. Link-State Routing Protocols: Link-state protocols build a detailed map or
information of the network by exchanging information about the state and
cost of individual links. Each router then uses this information to calculate the
best path to a destination network. Link-state protocols provide a more
accurate view of the network topology. Examples of link-state protocols
include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to
Intermediate System (IS-IS).
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
RIP, or Routing Information Protocol, is one of the simplest distance-vector
routing protocols used in computer networks. The metric used by RIP is the hop
count to choose its best path, representing the number of routers or networks a
packet must traverse to reach a destination network. Routers periodically
broadcast their entire routing table to neighboring routers using RIP updates. By
default, RIP sends updates every 30 seconds.
Use the following topology and addressing
scenario to configure RIP
RIP Configuration
To configure RIP on our router we have to first enable or activate the RIP mode
then specify the RIP version and then specify the networks that the router
directly connected with and will advertise using RIP as follows:
Router 1
Router 2
Router 3
To Verify the RIP configuration
• We can use either the show run or show ip route
Router 1 Router 2
Router 3
Use ping to verify from PC1 to PC2
Use ping to verify from PC2 to PC1
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• OSPF is a link-state routing protocol, which means that routers exchange
information about the state and cost of individual links in the network. This
information is used to build a detailed and accurate map of the network
topology. OSPF is widely used in enterprise networks, service provider
networks, and large-scale networks where fast convergence, scalability, and
efficient routing are essential. It provides robust and flexible routing capabilities
and supports advanced features such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), traffic
engineering, and Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms
OSPF configuration
Use the network topology and IP address information shown below for configuration
OSPF configuration
configuring OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) involves several steps to enable and set the
protocol on routers. We have to first enable OSPF routing protocol with the following
command, The process ID is a locally significant identifier used to differentiate OSPF
instances or processes running on a router if multiple OSPF process are running on that
specific router.
Once we activate the OSPF protocol, we have to specify the networks that the router
will advertise using OSPF. Because the OSPF allow us to divide networks into areas to
enhance scalability and optimize routing, we have to specify the area code or ID. Use
the following command in router configuration mode:
Cont …
Router 1
Router 2
Router 3
Verify the OSPF configuration
The above commands are used to display the OSPF routing table on a router. It
shows the routes that are learned through OSPF and are currently in the
routing table, and display information about OSPF neighbors It shows details
about routers that have formed OSPF adjacency with the local router
respectively.
Cont …
Router 1
Router 2
Router 3
Use ping to verify from PC1 to PC2
Use ping to verify from PC2 to PC1
Assignment
• Configure the following dynamic routing protocols using the topology
that was used to set up RIP and OSPF.
BGP: Border Gateway Protocol
EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol