Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Polytechnic, Satara 314314

Course Title: Water & Waste Water Engg. Course Code: CE4K Semester: Fourth
Class Test 2 Question Bank WITH MODEL ANSWER

Course Outcomes:- CO2 Apply the water purification processes

Student should
able to do. CO3 Select the distribution system and pipe network for water supply

CO5
Apply the wastewater treatment processes.

[Link]. Q.1) Questions for 2 Marks Marks

a State MPCB norms for discharge of treated sewage, for B.O.D. and Total 01
Solids. mark
BOD (3 days at 27°C) should not exceed 100 mg/l and Total Suspended Solids
each
(TSS) should not exceed 100 mg/l.
b Define BOD and COD. 01
The amount of oxygen required for decomposition of bio degradable matter under mark
aerobic condition is called Biochemical Oxygen Demand or B.O.D. each
The amount of oxygen required for decomposition of bio degradable and inorganic
matter under acidic condition is called Chemical Oxygen Demand or C.O.D .
c State the principle of sedimentation with coagulation. 02
Sedimentation with coagulation is a water treatment process where chemicals
marks
(coagulants) are added to destabilize particles, causing them to clump together
(flocculation), forming larger, heavier particles that then settle out of the water by
gravity.
d Write any two objects of Treatment plant for the purification of water. 01
1. The treatment plant remove physical impurities and suspended particles from water, which mark
include dirt, debris, and microorganisms.
2. Disinfection of Water to kill or inactivate harmful pathogens (like bacteria, viruses, and each
protozoa) that may be present in the water.
[Link] of Dissolved Contaminants such as salts, heavy metals, and organic chemicals,
which can be harmful to health
4. pH Adjustment: to ensure the water's pH is within a safe and suitable range for human
consumption.
e List any four types of pipes used for conveyance of water. 1/2
Types of pipes: mark
1. Cast iron pipes
2. Wrought iron pipes each
3. Asbestos pipes
4. Steel pipes
5. RCC pipes (i.e. Reinforced Cement Concrete pipes)
6. Pre-stressed pipes
7. PVC pipes
8. Copper pipes
f Draw a neat sketch of Bell and spigot joint.

02
marks

g state the function of 1) Air release valve 2) Non Return Valve 02

marks
• Air Release Valve: To expel trapped air from the pipeline to prevent air pockets that could
obstruct water flow or cause damage to the system.

• Non-Return Valve: To allow fluid to flow in one direction only, preventing backflow and
ensuring the flow direction is maintained.
h Define: Disinfection and state its any two objects. 02
Disinfection: marks
The process of killing the pathogenic or harmful bacteria from water and
Making it safe for the user is called disinfection.
Objects of disinfection:
1) To kill the harmful bacteria or disease-causing microorganisms
2) To bring the quality of water to required standards.
3) To make the water potable.
i State any two advantages and disadvantages of dead end system. 02
Advantages of dead end system:
marks
1) Relatively economical.
2) Determination of discharges and pressure easier due to less number of
valves.
3) Laying the water pipe is simple.
4) It is suitable for old towns and cities having no definite pattern of roads.
Disadvantages of dead end system:
1) Due to many dead ends, stagnation of water occurs in pipes.
2) During repairs, a large portion of the distribution area is affected.
3) Due to limited discharge in the mains, the water available for firefighting will be
limited in quantity.
j State the factors affecting the choice of pipe material for distribution of water
1) Water carrying capacity.
2) Durability of pipe.
3) Pressure coming on pipe.
4) Types of liquid flowing in pipe.
5) Availability of funds.
6) Maintenance & repairing cost.

Q.2) FOR 4 MARKS

a Draw layout of sewage treatment plant.
04
marks

b Differentiate between Aerobic and anaerobic process

04
marks

c Describe working of trickling filter with neat sketch

Ans:
Working of trickling filter- Trickling filter consists of RCC rectangular or
circular tank provided with filter media (stones or broken bricks material) and
under drainage system to collect the effluent. Revolving distributor having four
arms. 02
Sewage is distributed or sprays by distribution arms through which it trickles
marks
to the under drains. As sewage trickles through the filter media, a biological
slime layer consisting of aerobic bacteria build up around the media surfaces in
two weeks makes the filter ready for use. Organic matter in sewage is absorbed
by bacteria in slime layer. It removes 80% colloidal matter, reduces B.O.D. up
to 75%.
 02
marks

d Define Aeration. State objectives of aeration.

Aeration – The process of bringing the water in intimate contact with air, to 02
increase the dissolved oxygen content in water is called Aeration.
marks
Objectives of aeration –
i) To remove the dissolved gases (H2S, CO2, NO2) from raw water.
ii) To increase the dissolved oxygen content in water. 02
iii) To remove color & odor considerably.
marks
iv) To remove Iron & Manganese precipitate.
e Explain Oxidation pond with sketch.

04
marks

Advantages:
• Simple design
• Low operational cost
• Suitable for low to moderate flows
Disadvantages:
• Requires large land area
• Long treatment times
f Define valve and enlist the different types of valves
Valve is a mechanical device used to control, regulate, and direct the flow of 02
water through pipes, allowing for complete stoppage or adjustment of the water
marks
flow.
Types of valves provided in water supply scheme
i. Sluice valve
ii. Air valve
02
iii. Scour valve
iv. Reflux valve marks
v. Pressure Relief valve
vi. Butterfly valve

g Explain break point chlorination with neat labelled sketch.

Break point chlorination- (Ref. fig.)

• The chlorine, when added to the water, performs the function of killing bacteria first
02
and then starts accumulating up to point A, as shown in graph.
• Further addition of chlorine shows sudden decrease in residual chorine up to point B. marks
This is because of oxidation of organic matter in water.
• The point B on curve Q is called Breakpoint.
• As any chlorine added beyond this point appears in the water as residual chlorine.
This type of chlorination is called as break point chlorination.

02
marks

h Describe the theory of Filtration. 04

Theory of Filteration: The filtration process is carried out in following four marks
actions1) Mechanical Straining:
Sand consists of small pores, therefore suspended particles which are larger in
size, cannot pass through sand bed. Small particles of suspended impurities
adhere causing further reduction in pore size. This increase the straining
action.
2) Sedimentation: The voids act as small settling basins. The particles are
arrested due to gelatinous film formation and attraction between particles.
3) Biological Action:
Suspended impurities contain some portion of organic impurities like algae, etc.
and form a layer. This food consumed by micro organisms with chemical and
 biological action.
4) Electrolytic action:
Sand particles of filter media carry electrical charges of opposite nature. They
therefore attract each other and are neutralized. The characteristics of water
are thus changed. Washing of filter media renews the electrical charges.
i Explain gravity system of distribution of water.

This method is adopted when source of water is at sufficient height than city. (For ex. For satara
city, water is available from Kaas) Hence in this system water flows in the pipe due to gravity.
Here pumping is not required.
Advantages :- 03
1) In this system water flows under gravity. marks
2) System is simple and reliable.
3) Less leakage, wastage and less maintenance.
4) No pumping is required, hence economical.
Disadvantages :-
1) This system is not suitable if source is not at higher end.
2) This system can not provide high pressure.

01
Marks

j Compare between Rapid Sand Filter & Slow Sand Filter with respect to: (i) Rate of
filtration (ii) Method of cleaning (iii) Cost (iv) Period of cleaning

04
marks