EDUCATIONAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
STAGE 1 & 2
Student Name:__ _____________________________R. N: _ Group:___
I. Instructions. Write the correct answer.
STAGE 1. Introduction to Robot Mechanics and Control
1.1 Robotics Concepts
1. Studies the design, construction and programming of robots and the electronics applied to
the components included in the robotics kit: _______________
2. It is a machine controlled by a computer, programmed to move, manipulate objects,
and perform tasks, while interacting with its environment: ______________
3. It studies the design, construction, programming and application of machines capable
of performing various tasks: ________________
4. It is a set of instructions based on a programming language that a computer interprets in
order to perform a specific function: ______________
5. It is an instruction or command that the user provides to a computer or robot, from the
command line or from the graphical interface: ______________
6. It is a language designed to write down the set of consecutive actions that a robot must
execute. Some examples are: Java, JavaScript, C#, C++, Python, PHP:
______________________
7. They are framed in several levels depending on the robot's job description. The most
commonly used is the C++ language: _________________
8. They tend to make it easier for programmers. This type of language usually refers to the
Scratch language. Its main characteristic is that it allows the development of mental skills
by learning programming without having in-depth knowledge about code:
___________________
1.2 Components of a Robot
9. It is made up of Hardware. They are different elements that give a solid structure and
allow mobility to the robot such as gears, pulleys, shafts, joints, screws:
___________________
10. Configuration consisting of three linear motions in three ejer ("x", "y", "z"):
___________________
11. Configuration consisting of two linear motions and one rotational motion: ___________
12. Configuration consisting of one rotational and two angular motions:____________
13. Configuration in which the robot can perform rotational, angular and linear movement:
__________________
14. It is the heart of the robot, made up of one or more processors, which interact with the
other components: ______________________
15. Type of logic responsible for determining the order of execution of tasks and making
decisions based on the response of the system and the
environment:_________________
16. Type of logic responsible for defining how the robot should move and move, interpreting
signals from sensors, developing skills to overcome environmental complexities:
___________________
17. It is critical for the interaction between the user and the robot. This stage defines the way
in which the user can give instructions to the robot, receive answers and feedback,
monitor the status and progress of tasks:_________________
18. The communication system is also known as: ________________. Some common
examples include touchscreens, voice commands, gesture recognition, and web
interfaces.
19. It is responsible for gathering information about the robot's environment. It is
composed of sensors, associated electronic circuits, detection and recognition devices
that generate signals: __________________
1.3 Phases of building a robot.
20. This phase is about providing the robot with the necessary mechanisms to give it a solid
structure and facilitate its movement according to the task to be carried out:
___________
21. Phase in which the differences between the different motors that can be selected to
provide the movement to the robotic prototype are known: _________________
22. At this stage, a computer is required to be able to corroborate the operation of the
electronic components. Likewise, the interface between the computer and the robot is
defined: ______________
23. Stage in which it is necessary to develop an HMI interface in some programming
language so that the user can have control of the robot: _______________
1.4 Building a robot with parts from a kit
24. The most important electronic part of the kit, responsible for processing and controlling
all the devices connected to it: _______________
25. Part of the CPU that corresponds to the input pins specially dedicated to the motors:
_______________
26. These are the signals sent by the CPU to execute an action: ____________
27. These are the signals received by sensors and sent to the CPU: ______________
28. Switch whose function is to open or close a circuit for the CPU to power on:
___________
29. Component in charge of controlling the motors, commonly known as the H-bridge:
__________
30. Electronic circuit that functions as a Central Process Unit: ____________
31. Voltage input port into which batteries are plugged in: ______________
32. Allows detecting sounds at a maximum distance or certain area: _____________
33. Means of communication between the CPU and the output devices connected to it:
___________
34. Output device that emits light when energized: ________
35. It is possible to detect obstacles at close range: ____________
36. Direct current motor that makes a constant rotation when energized: _________
37. Direct current motor that when energized rotates to a programmed position measured
in degrees: __________
38. An output device that emits a sound when energized: __________
39. Elements that together with a motor serve to give movement to the robotic prototype:
___________
40. Plastic parts that are used to give structure to the robot: ___________
41. Perforated metal parts that can be attached to brackets or frames with screw support:
____________
42. They are used to connect electronic elements to each other: ____________
1.5 Programming a robot
43. To program a robot, it is necessary to establish the ideal ___________ to develop the
process that allows the robot to carry out the specified instructions. This is passed to a
_____________ to plan its operation and then translated into a programming language
readable by the robot's control system.
44. This type of programming is carried out using a programming language. It allows more
complex operations to be carried out with a higher degree of precision: ____________
45. The development of this programming is carried out with the robot itself for the
elaboration of the program. It is simple, but with the disadvantage that it does not take
into account the variations of the environment: _________________
46. It is one of the alternatives that allows you to go from visual programming to textual
programming. We can access it by right-clicking on the Rogic programming area:
______________
47. First command button that appears on Rogic's screen; when you select it for the first
time, the "New" subcommand is displayed that allows you to create functions:
_______________
48. The ___________ command allows us to declare variables, while the _____________
command allows us to do calculations with those variables.
STAGE 2 Design and Construction of Robots
2.1 Designing a Robot
49. There are two ways to work on the design and construction of a robot. In
____________________ the development is carried out in a linear way, while in
______________________ interdisciplinary work teams are integrated.
50. In this phase, the context of use must be analyzed, identifying potential users (satisfaction
and experience of use), tasks (movements, actions, speed, load, redesign) to be
developed and the environment (adaptation to changes) in which our robot works:
_________________
51. In this phase, five main aspects are considered: materials, shape and size, actuators,
sensors and programming that would be involved in the construction of the robot:
_________________
52. It is a change that introduces new things: _________________
53. An _____________ is an anticipated solution to a problem or need. The creative process
of generating, developing and communicating them is called: ________________
54. They are computer systems that realistically reproduce the conditions that occur in a
real environment: ________________
55. A ________________ aims to know, analyze and evaluate the operation of a system
without the need to build or experiment with the real system.
56. In this phase, the construction of the robot begins and programming is experimented
with: __________________
2.2 Design Software
57. It is a free online software designed by the company Autodesk that allows you to take
a first step in the world of 3D design: ________________
58. In it we can see the profile name, profile image, type of designs, layout area and the
options menu: __________________
59. In it we can identify the work plane, the toolbar views, the pasted toolbar, the object
toolbar and the shape area: _________________
60. To 3D print, what file format should we select in Tinkercad?: ________________
2.3 3D printing
61. Common 3D printing technique due to its simplicity and low cost. It works by melting a
plastic filament that is deposited layer by layer to form an object: ________________
62. A 3D printing technique that uses a photosensitive liquid resin that solidifies when
exposed to ultraviolet light. Allows you to create objects with a high level of detail:
_________________
63. This technique uses plastic or metal powders that are melted by a laser to create solid
objects. Enables the creation of rugged parts for the aerospace and automotive industry:
________________
64. This technique uses inks or liquid polymers to create objects layer by layer. Used in
applications that require fine detail: ________________
65. The ____________________________ generally follows a series of common steps: a)
___________________: creation of a digital 3D model. b) _________________: the
digital file is converted into a format suitable for the printer, dividing the object into
layers. c) _______________: the 3D printer builds the object layer by layer. d)
_______________: additional finishing, removal of supports, sanding or heat treatment.
66. Some of the most prominent applications of 3D printing include:
______________: rapid prototyping, tooling, molding, and final parts. _______________:
Prostheses, implants, anatomical models. _______________: sculptures,
jewelry and decorative objects.
67. _________________ is a process by which physical objects are created. To achieve this,
two main elements are needed: _______________________________________
68. A 3D printer is basically made up of 5 main parts: 1.
________________: in charge of decoding the print file. 2.
_______________________: it is used to visualize the projects.
3. _________________: it is unrolled by the extruder pull force. 4.
__________________: By means of its gear, pulls the thread and pushes it down.
5. ___________________ : serves as a non-stick surface to make the detachment of the
part easy and fast