NUTRITION
PNCF • FJN • Grade 7 • Biology • Lecture-13
Small intestine
1 Large Intestine
2 Anus
3 Digestion in Ruminants
4 Insectivorous Plants
5 Mycorrhiza
6 Lichen
Large Intestine
(site of water absorption)
Large Intestine
Transverse Colon
Ascending Descending
Colon Colon
Caecum
Appendix
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus
Conceptual Challenge
How is diarrhoea caused? What type of solution is given to the
diarrhoea patient?
Explanation
Sometimes you may have experienced the need to pass watery
stool frequently. This condition is known as diarrhoea. It may be
caused by an infection, food poisoning or indigestion. Under
severe conditions it can be fatal. This is because of the excessive
loss of water and salts from the body. Diarrhoea should not be
neglected. Oral Rehydration Solution (plenty of water first boiled
and then cooled, with a pinch of salt and sugar dissolved in it)
should be given to the diarrhoea patient.
Anus
RECTUM
Sphincter
Anus
The digestive wastes, solidifies into faeces and is removed/
egested (defecation) from the body via anus.
The exit of waste material is regulated by anal sphincter.
Digestion
in
Ruminants
Ruminant Stomach
Rumen
Omasum
Reticulum
Abomasum
• Rumination.
• Intestinal part.
Omasum
Reticulum
Abomasum Rumen
Insectivorous Plants
There are certain plants which are autotrophic but show
heterotrophic nutrition as well.
They are generally found in nitrogen deficient habitats.
Example
Venus flytrap (Dionaea)
Pitcher plant (Nepenthes)
Bladderwort (Utricularia) Sundew (Drosera)
Mycorrhiza
The symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with
the roots of certain plants (conifers and orchids).
Lichens
Association in which a chlorophyll-containing partner (algae)
and a fungus live together.
Test for Starch
When iodine reacts with starch, it produces blue-black colour,
indicating the presence of starch.
Iodine solution No starch
Starch
present
Question
Enzyme which is present in gastric juice
(1) Amylase
(2) Bile
(3) Pepsin
(4) Trypsin
Ans. (3)
Question
Gastric juice contains
(1) Pepsin and trypsin
(2) Pepsin and HCl
(3) Trypsin and HCl
(4) Amylase and Pepsin
Ans. (2)
Question
Which is the longest organ of the digestive system ?
(1) Oesophagus
(2) Stomach
(3) Small Intestine
(4) Large Intestine
Ans. (3)
Question
Which of the following enzymes is related with digestion of
protein?
(1) Lipase
(2) Pepsin
(3) Sucrase
(4) Amylase
Ans. (2)
Question
Hydrochloric acid facilitates the action of which enzyme?
(1) Salivary amylase
(2) Pepsin
(3) Trypsin
(4) Lipase
Ans. (2)
Question
Which one of the following helps to protect the stomach wall
from its own secretions of hydrochloric acids?
(1) Pepsin enzyme
(2) Mucus
(3) Partially digested food
(4) Roughage
Ans. (2)
Question
Which of these helps in the curdling of milk?
(1) Pepsin
(2) Rennin
(3) HCl
(4) Trypsin
Ans. (2)
Question
Bile Juice is secreted from –
(1) Salivary glands
(2) Intestinal glands
(3) Stomach
(4) Liver
Ans. (4)
Question
Which one of the following parts of our digestive system receives
the secretion of liver and pancreas?
(1) Large intestine
(2) Small intestine
(3) Oesophagus
(4) Stomach
Ans. (2)
Question
Which is the heaviest internal organ in the human body?
(1) Pancreas
(2) Heart
(3) Liver
(4) Lungs
Ans. (3)
Question
Herbivores do not produce enzymes that digest cellulose. How
does the cellulose in their food get digested ?
(1) Algae in their gut convert the cellulose into simple sugars.
(2) Bacteria in their gut convert the cellulose into glucose.
(3) Viruses in their gut convert the cellulose into simple sugars.
(4) Fungi in their gut convert the cellulose into simple sugars.
Ans. (2)
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Question
What is X in the figure and what is its function?
(1) Large intestine, it absorbs water from digested
food.
(2) Stomach, it breaks down food using acids and
enzymes.
X
(3) Appendix, it has no function in the body.
(4) Appendix, it breaks down food using acids and
enzymes.
Question
Refer to given diagram of ruminant stomach and select the correct
option regarding parts labelled as 1, 2, 3 and 4.
(1) 2 secretes various digestive enzymes for Intestine
the digestion of various components of
food. 1 3 2
(2) 3 represents true stomach where 4
complete digestion of food takes place.
(3) The partially chewed food mixed with
saliva is first sent to 4 for storage.
(4) 1 harbours large population of
anaerobic bacteria which help in
digestion of cellulose present in food.
Question
Which labelled part of the human digestive system absorbs water
from undigested food?
(1) P
(2) Q
(3) R
P
(4) S Q
R
S
Question
________ is the site of absorption of water from indigestible food
–
(1) Small intestine
(2) Large intestine
(3) Stomach
(4) Liver
Question
The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger like
projections called –
(1) Villi
(2) Mucus
(3) Bile
(4) None of these
Question
During digestion of food in alimentary canal, protein is acted
upon by enzymes in the following sequence-
(1) ptyalin, trypsin and peptidases
(2) peptidase, trypsin and pepsin
(3) pepsin, trypsin and peptidases
(4) ptyalin, pepsin and trypsin
Ans. (3)
Explanation:
o Pepsin is the first enzyme to act on proteins in the stomach,
breaking them into smaller peptides.
o Trypsin is secreted by the pancreas and works in the small
intestine to further break down those peptides into smaller
chains of amino acids.
o Peptidases (also known as dipeptidases) are enzymes present
in the small intestine and are responsible for hydrolyzing the
dipeptides (two amino acids) into single amino acids, which
are then absorbed into the body.
Question
Choose the function of pancreatic juice from the following-
(1) Trypsin digests proteins and pancreatic lipase digests
carbohydrates.
(2) Trypsin digests emulsified fats and lipase digests proteins.
(3) Trypsin and lipase digest fats.
(4) Trypsin digests proteins and pancreatic lipase digests
emulsified fats.
Ans. (4)
Explanation:
o Trypsin: is a protease enzyme that breaks down proteins into
smaller peptides and amino acids.
o Pancreatic lipase: breaks down emulsified fats (triglycerides)
into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
o Amylase: digests carbohydrates, but it's not mentioned in the
options.
Question
The final product of digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are
(1) glycerol and amino acids respectively
(2) amino acids and glycerol respectively
(3) glucose and amino acids respectively
(4) amino acids and glucose respectively
Explanation:
o The correct answer is glucose and amino acids respectively.
o Carbohydrates: During digestion, complex carbohydrates are
broken down into simpler sugars, with the final product being
glucose.
o Proteins: Proteins are broken down into their building blocks,
which are amino acids. Ans. (3)
Question
Read the given statements:
(a) Saliva produced by salivary glands contains ptyalin enzyme.
(b) Salivary glands situated just outside the buccal cavity
secrete salivary juice into the buccal cavity.
(c) Liver the largest gland of the body.
Which above statements is/are correct -
(1) Only 'b’
(2) 'b' and 'c' only
(3) 'c' and 'a' only
(4) All are correct
Ans. (4)
Explanation:
o "Saliva produced by salivary glands contains ptyalin enzyme": This
is true, as ptyalin (also called salivary amylase) is the primary
enzyme found in saliva, helping to break down starch.
o "Salivary glands situated just outside the buccal cavity secrete
salivary juice into the buccal cavity": This statement is also
accurate, as the salivary glands are located outside the mouth
cavity (buccal cavity) and release saliva into it.
o "Liver the largest gland of the body": This is a well-established
fact. While the liver is not directly involved in saliva production, it is
considered the largest gland in the human body.
Question
Thorough mastication of food is essential because
(1) mastication of food makes the teeth stronger.
(2) it makes the process of swallowing the food easier.
(3) by this process bigger pieces of food are broken down into
smaller pieces.
(4) bigger pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces and
saliva is properly mixed with it.
Explanation:
o Thorough mastication is essential because it prepares food for
easier swallowing and digestion by breaking it down into smaller
pieces and mixing it with saliva. This process also plays a role in
stimulating saliva production, which helps in digestion and
maintaining oral health. Ans. (4)