Networking Numbers
IP Address
Leading Default Subnet
Class Address Range Bits Mask CIDR
Class A [Link] – [Link] 0 [Link] /8
Class B [Link] – [Link] 10 [Link] /16
Class C [Link] – [Link] 110 [Link] /24
Class D [Link] – [Link] 1110 Multicast N/A
Class E [Link] – [Link] 1111 Experimental N/A
Subnetting
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
No of Bits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No of subnet 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
No of Host 254 126 62 30 14 6 2 Class A,B: 2,3 octates
Mask 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255
TCP Port UDP Port
SSH 22 DNS 53
Telnet 23 TFTP 69
SMTP 25 NTP 123
FTP 20, 21 DHCP 68 → 67
TACACS 49 SNMP 161, 162
BGP 179 ISAKMP 500
HTTPS 443 Syslog 514
HTTP 80, 8080 RIP 520
RIPng 521
IP Number DHCPv6 546 → 547
ICMP 1 Radius 1812, 1813
IPv4 4 IP SLA 1967
TCP 6 VXLAN 4789
UDP 17 NetFlow 2055, 9555, 9995, 9025, 9026
IPv6 41 BFD 49512→ 3784
GRE 47 BFD Echo 3785
ESP 50
AH 51
ICMPv6 58
EIGRP 88
OSPF 89
RS 133
RA 134
NS 135
NA 136
OSPF
Parameter Value Parameter Value
BCMA/P2P 10 / 40 LS Refresh 30 min
NBMA/P2MP 30 / 120 Max Age 1 hour
Wait Time 40 s Check Age 5 min
Poll Interval 120 s Max Age Diff 15 min
Retransmit 5s Min LS Interval 5s
Transmit Delay 1s Min LS Arrival 1s
Priority 1
Group pacing 240s
Flood pacing 33 ms
Retrans pacing 66 ms
SPF LSA
Throttling Default(ms) Optimise (ms) Throttling Default(ms) Optimise (ms)
Start 5000 50 Start 0 50
Hold 10000 200 Hold 5000 200
Max-wait 10000 5000 Max-wait 5000 5000
ISIS
49.000a.2222.2222.2222.00
NET
[Link].2222.2222.2222.00
Area ID [Link].2222.2222.2222.00
System
[Link].2222.2222.2222.00
ID
NESL [Link].2222.2222.2222.00
LSP-ID 2222.2222.2222.00.00-00
LAN 3/10
P2P 10/30
EIGRP
Item Value
RTO 5s
RTP Retransmits 16
Active Timer 3 min
SIA Query 90 s
Variance 1–128
SIA-R Allowed 3
SIA-R Time 45 s
Multicast MAC 0100.5E00.000A
FS Install Time < 1 sec (200 ms)
Total convergence ≈ 6 minutes
BGP
ASN Type Range Item Value
2-Byte Public 1 – 64495 TCP Port 179
2-Byte Private 64512 – 65534 Keepalive 60 s
Reserved 0, 65535, 64496-64511 Hold 180 s
AS_TRANS 23456 eBGP TTL 1
4-Byte Public 1.16 – 64086.59903 iBGP TTL 255
4-Byte Private 64086.59904 – 65535.65534
IPv6 Numbers
Unicast Address
Global 2000::/3
ULA FC00::/7 (FD00::/8)
Link-local FE80::/10
Loopback ::1/128
Unspecified ::/128
IPv6 2001:0db8:0000:0000:021a:2bff:fe3c:4d5e/128
APNIC 2400::/12
ARIN 2600::/12, 2630::/12
RIPE NCC 2a00::/12
LACNIC 2800::/12
AFRINIC 2c00::/12
Multicast Address EUI-64
Multicast ff00::/8 MAC 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E
Admin-Local ff01::/16 Insert FFFE 00:1A:2B:FF:FE:3C:4D:5E
Link-Local scope ff02::/16 Flip 7th U/L bit 00 → 02
Site-Local scope ff05::/16 Host IPv6 02:1A:2B:FF:FE:3C:4D:5E
Org-Local scope ff08::/16 Link-Local IPv6 FE80::21A:2BFF:FE3C:4D5E
Global scope Ff0e::/16 Solicited-Node Multicast Address
Formate FF02::1:FFXX:XXXX (last 24 bits of IPv6 address)
All Nodes FF02::1 IPv6 FE80::21A:2BFF:FE3C:4D5E
All Routers FF02::2 S-N Multicast FF02::1:FF3C:4D5E
OSPFv3 FF02::5
OSPF DR/BDR FF02::6 Misc:
EIGRPv6 FF02::A Router Advertisement (RA) =30 s (unsolicited)
RIPng FF02::9 MD5 Hash size =128 bits, String length =32 hex
DHCP Relay Agent FF02::1:2 SHA-1: Hash size =160 bits, String length =40 hex
DHCP Server FF05::1:3
NTP FF05::101
QoS
DSCP: 3bit Precedence+ 3bit DP +2bit ECN
IP
DSCP DSCP
Service Class Precedence AF Examples of Application
Name Value
/COS
CS0
Standard 0 0 (000) AF0/BE —
(DF)
Low-priority data CS1 8 1 (001) AF11,2,3 File transfer (FTP, SMB)
Network operations,
SNMP, SSH, Ping, Telnet,
administration and CS2 16 2 (010) AF21, 2,3
syslog
management (OAM)
RTSP broadcast TV, live
Broadcast video CS3 24 3 (011) AF31, 2,3 audio/video streaming, video
surveillance, VoD
Gaming, low-priority video
Real-time interactive CS4 32 4 (100) AF41,2,3
conferencing
Signaling CS5 40 5 (101) SIP, H.323, H.248, NTP
Routing protocols (OSPF,
Network control CS6 48 6 (110)
BGP, IS-IS, RIP)
Reserved for future use CS7 56 7 (111) —
FHRP Numbers
Item HSRP v1 HSRP v2 VRRP GLBP
Multicast IP [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
Virtual MAC [Link] [Link] 0000.5E00.01XX [Link]
UDP/IP UDP: 1985 UDP: 2029 IP: 112 UDP: 3222
TTL 1 255 255 255
Timers 3/10 3/10 1/3 3/10,Redirect:10m,Timeout:4h
Priority 100 100 100 100
Multicast MAC 01:00:5E:00:00:02 01:00:5E:00:00:66 0100.5E00.0012 01:00:5E:00:00:66
IPv6: FF02::66 AVF: 167 , 135 , 160 , 30
Weight: 100
SWITCHING
Item STP RSTP
BPDU interval 2s 2s
Max age 20 s 6s
Message age 1 per hop
Forward delay 15 s
Topology Change BPDUs 15 s 2s*2
TC MAC address aging time 35 s 0
Convergence time 30-50 s 2-6 s
Diameter 7 7
Switch priority 32768 32768
Port priority 128 128
BID Pri/Vlan/Mac
PID Pri/Port
Item Value Item Value
VLAN range 0–4095 Max stack members 9
Reserved 0, 4095 Max power stack 4
Standard 1–1001 Default number of switches 1
Old / Legacy 1002–1005 Priority 1 – 15
Extended 1006–4094 Wait time before starting all members 8s
Power-on time for all switches to participate
in election 20 s
CDP 60/180
LLDP 30/120 IP SLA Number of packets 10
Reinit delay 2s Spaced at 20 ms
DTP 30s Oeration runtime 1h
PAgP 30s, Slient:15s Frequency 60s
LACP 30s, Fast:1s
VTP Ad: 300s, Join:2s EtherChannel Max link 8
UDLD 15/40 , agg:1s*8 Pagp Port priority 128+Port
MAC Aging 300s LACP Port priority 32768 +Port
Errdisable rec 300s System priority 32768+MAC
PoE / ILP
voltage 48V DC CEF ARP throttling 2s
ILP 7W TCAM entries 134 bit
Cisco:4hr,
PoE 15.4W Windos: 15-45s
PoE+ 25.5W ARP Aging Linux: 5-10m
UPoE 60W IPv4 Ethertype 0x0800
Class 0 (dflt) 15.4W 802.1Q Ethertype 0x8100
Class 1 4W Q-in-Q Ethertype 0x88A8
Class 2 7W
Class 3 15.4W
Class 4 30W
Misc:
Tag size = 4 bytes
TPID = 2 bytes
TCI = 2 bytes
VLAN ID = 12 bits
MAC address size = 48 bits
Minimum = 64 + 4 bytes
Maximum = 1500 + 18 + 4 bytes
Jumbo frame = 9216 bytes
CRC = 32 bits
Inter-Frame Gap (IFG) = 96 bits (9.6 for 10 Mbps, 0.96 for 100 Mbps, 96 ns for 1 Gbps)
Slot time
Ethernet = 512 bits
Gigabit Ethernet = 4096 bits
SNMP v1 → 32-bit counters
SNMP v2 → 64-bit counters
MPLS
Item Value LDP Address
Label size 20 bits IPv4 [Link]
BOS 1bit IPv6 FF02::2
EXP 3bit UDP/TCP 646
Total labels 10,48,576 P2P 5/15
Label range 0 – 1,048,575 T-LDP 10/90
Reserved 0 – 15
Unreserved 16 – 1,048,575 SRGB 16000 – 23999
IPv4 Explicit NULL 0 Size 8000
Router Alert 1 SRLB 15000 – 15999
IPv6 Explicit NULL 2
Implicit NULL 3 RSVP path ref 30s
GAL 13 RSVP Resv ref 30s
Multicast
Multicast Address [Link] –
Range [Link] IPv4 multicast → Ethernet MAC
Link-Local Scope [Link]/24 Multicast MAC 01:00:5E:0x:xx:xx
[Link] /
Lower 23 bits of IP used [Link]
All hosts [Link] Result 01:00:5E:02:00:01
All routers [Link]
Source-Specific
Multicast [Link]/8 IPv6 multicast → Ethernet MAC
GLOP [Link]/8 Multicast MAC 33:33:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
Private scope [Link]/8 Lower 32 bits of IPv6 used ff02::1
Result 33:33:00:00:00:01
PIM All Routers [Link]
PIM All DRs [Link] IGMP
IGMPv3 [Link] IGMP Query 60s
Cisco RP Discovery [Link] Message wait time 10s
Cisco RP
Announcement [Link] Group Specific Query 1s*3
Switch Query wait 1s
OSPF All SPF Routers [Link]
OSPF DR/BDR [Link] PIM
RIPv2 [Link] Hello 30/105
EIGRP [Link] Join 60s/210
VRRP [Link] Boot strap 60s/150
HSRPv2 [Link] Candidate RP Adv 60
PGM [Link] RP Announce 60s/180
NTP [Link] RP Discovery 60s/180
CDP / VTP / DTP / PAgP / UDLD / ISL 01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC
STP (IEEE) 01:80:C2:00:00:00
PVST+(Cisco) 01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD
HSRP 01:00:5E:00:00:02
VRRP 01:00:5E:00:00:12
GLBP 01:00:5E:00:00:66
STP UplinkFast 01:00:0C:CD:CD:CD