Chapter 1: Numbers and Arithmetic Operations

Exercise 1.1: Numbers and Place Values

1. Problem 1: Write the digits under their correct place value and write the number in
words.

Given number:

o 3671082

Place values:

o M (Million): 3
o H-Th (Hundred Thousand): 6
o T-Th (Ten Thousand): 7
o Th (Thousand): 1
o H (Hundred): 0
o T (Tens): 8
o O (Ones): 2

Number in words: Three million, six hundred seventy-one thousand, eighty-two.

2. Problem 2: Separate by periods and read the following numbers:

Number:

o 45672

Solution:

o Separated by periods: 45,672

o In words: Forty-five thousand, six hundred seventy-two.

3. Problem 3: Write the following numbers in words:

o 66,655,522 → Sixty-six million, six hundred fifty-five thousand, five hundred
twenty-two.
o Nine million, ninety-nine thousand, seventy-seven → 9,099,077
 4. Problem 4: Write the following numbers in numerals:
o Two billion, three hundred forty-five million, six hundred seventy-one
thousand, eight hundred six → 2,345,671,806
o One million, two thousand, six hundred → 1,002,600

Exercise 1.2: Addition and Subtraction

1. Problem 1: Add 359,990 and 406,780.

Solution:

o 359,990 + 406,780 = 766,770

2. Problem 2: Add 680,563 and 563,168.

Solution:

o 680,563 + 563,168 = 1,243,731

3. Problem 3: Add 54,399,188 and 6,412,508.

Solution:

o 54,399,188 + 6,412,508 = 60,811,696

4. Problem 4: Add 840,233,419 and 65,113,846.

Solution:

o 840,233,419 + 65,113,846 = 905,347,265

 5. Problem 5: Add 3,541,371 and 232,164.

Solution:

o 3,541,371 + 232,164 = 3,773,535

6. Problem 6: Add 65,943,022 and 22,913,924.

Solution:

o 65,943,022 + 22,913,924 = 88,856,946

7. Problem 7: Add 733,050,195 and 188,439,919.

Solution:

o 733,050,195 + 188,439,919 = 921,490,114

Exercise 1.3: Subtraction of Larger Numbers

1. Problem 1: Subtract 214,379 from 600,500.

Solution:

o 600,500 – 214,379 = 386,121

2. Problem 2: Subtract 4,930,109 from 5,851,036.

Solution:

o 5,851,036 – 4,930,109 = 920,927

 3. Problem 3: Subtract 35,180,962 from 89,086,371.

Solution:

o 89,086,371 – 35,180,962 = 53,905,409

4. Problem 4: Subtract 856,394 from 3,767,595.

Solution:

o 3,767,595 – 856,394 = 2,911,201

5. Problem 5: Subtract 5,396,138 from 43,547,967.

Solution:

o 43,547,967 – 5,396,138 = 38,151,829

6. Problem 6: Subtract 134,258,369 from 656,148,154.

Solution:

o 656,148,154 – 134,258,369 = 521,889,785

Exercise 1.4: Multiplication

1. Problem 1: Multiply 4136 by 10.

Solution:

o 4136 × 10 = 41,360
2. Problem 2: Multiply 21034 by 100.

Solution:

o 21034 × 100 = 2,103,400

3. Problem 3: Multiply 27796 by 100.

Solution:

o 27796 × 100 = 2,779,600

4. Problem 4: Multiply 41357 by 1000.

Solution:

o 41357 × 1000 = 41,357,000

5. Problem 5: Multiply 34569 by 10.

Solution:

o 34569 × 10 = 345,690

6. Problem 6: Multiply 15347 by 100.

Solution:

o 15347 × 100 = 1,534,700

7. Problem 7: Multiply 155430 by 100.

Solution:

o 155430 × 100 = 15,543,000

 8. Problem 8: Multiply 386975 by 1000.

Solution:

o 386975 × 1000 = 386,975,000

Exercise 1.5: Division

1. Problem 1: Divide 756,429 by 10.

Solution:

o Quotient: 75,642, Remainder: 9

2. Problem 2: Divide 6456782 by 1000.

Solution:

o Quotient: 6,456, Remainder: 782

3. Problem 3: Divide 5678 by 10.

Solution:

o Quotient: 567, Remainder: 8

4. Problem 4: Divide 5230106 by 100.

Solution:

o Quotient: 52,301, Remainder: 6

 5. Problem 5: Divide 269760 by 480.

Solution:

o Quotient: 562

6. Problem 6: Divide 295845 by 33.

Solution:

o Quotient: 8965, Remainder: 0

Exercise 1.6: Real-Life Word Problems

1. Problem 1: Fouzia had 145,320 rupees. Her father gave her 54,304 rupees more. How
many rupees does she have altogether?

Solution:

o 145,320 + 54,304 = 199,624 rupees

2. Problem 2: Sobia gave a 5000 rupee note to the shopkeeper for purchasing an electronic
doll worth Rs 2300. Find the remaining amount received by Sobia.

Solution:

o 5000 - 2300 = 2700 rupees (Sobia received 2700 rupees in change).

3. Problem 3: A school collected Rs 23,650 for flood relief from 225 students. Find the
contribution by each student.

Solution:

o 23,650 ÷ 225 ≈ 105.11 rupees (Each student contributed about 105 rupees).
4. Problem 4: A factory produced 235,806 marble tiles in one day. How many marbles will
be produced in 32 days?

Solution:

o 235,806 × 32 = 7,545,792 tiles.

5. Problem 5: The government spent Rs 5,380,100 on gas supply for one town. What is the
total amount spent on gas supply for 25 towns?

Solution:

o 5,380,100 × 25 = 134,502,500 rupees.

6. Problem 6: A container holds 9,475 liters of milk. How many liters will 354 such
containers hold?

Solution:

o 9,475 × 354 = 3,352,650 liters.

7. Problem 7: Find the number of rolls required to pack 531,675 meters of cloth if one roll
contains 45 meters.

Solution:

o 531,675 ÷ 45 ≈ 11,815 rolls.

8. Problem 8: A construction company wanted to purchase land for Rs 52,890,500. It had

Rs 50,456,128 and borrowed the rest from the bank. How much did the company
borrow?

Solution:

o 52,890,500 - 50,456,128 = 2,434,372 rupees (The company borrowed Rs

2,434,372).
Chapter 2: HCF and LCM

Exercise 2.1: HCF by Prime Factorization and Division Method

Part A: Find the HCF of the following by Prime Factorization method

1. 16 and 28
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 16
16=2×2×2×2=2416 = 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2 = 2^416=2×2×2×2=24
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 28
28=2×2×7=22×728 = 2 \times 2 \times 7 = 2^2 \times 728=2×2×7=22×7
o Step 3: Identify Common Prime Factors
 Common factor is 222
 The lowest power of common factor 222 is 222^222.
o Step 4: Calculate the HCF
HCF=22=4HCF = 2^2 = 4HCF=22=4

2. 27 and 36
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 27
27=3×3×3=3327 = 3 \times 3 \times 3 = 3^327=3×3×3=33
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 36
36=2×2×3×3=22×3236 = 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 3 = 2^2 \times
3^236=2×2×3×3=22×32
o Step 3: Identify Common Prime Factors
 Common factor is 333
 The lowest power of common factor 333 is 323^232.
o Step 4: Calculate the HCF
HCF=32=9HCF = 3^2 = 9HCF=32=9

3. 20, 60, and 80

o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 20
20=2×2×5=22×520 = 2 \times 2 \times 5 = 2^2 \times 520=2×2×5=22×5
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 60
60=2×2×3×5=22×3×560 = 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 5 = 2^2 \times 3 \times
560=2×2×3×5=22×3×5
o Step 3: Prime Factorization of 80
80=2×2×2×2×5=24×580 = 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 5 = 2^4 \times
580=2×2×2×2×5=24×5
 o Step 4: Identify Common Prime Factors
 Common factors are 222 and 555
 The lowest powers are 222^222 from both 20 and 60, and 515^151 from
all.
o Step 5: Calculate the HCF
HCF=22×51=20HCF = 2^2 \times 5^1 = 20HCF=22×51=20

4. 26, 39, and 65

o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 26
26=2×1326 = 2 \times 1326=2×13
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 39
39=3×1339 = 3 \times 1339=3×13
o Step 3: Prime Factorization of 65
65=5×1365 = 5 \times 1365=5×13
o Step 4: Identify Common Prime Factors
 The common factor is 131313.
o Step 5: Calculate the HCF
HCF=13HCF = 13HCF=13

5. 24 and 56
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 24
24=2×2×2×3=23×3124 = 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 3 = 2^3 \times
3^124=2×2×2×3=23×31
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 56
56=2×2×2×7=23×7156 = 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 7 = 2^3 \times
7^156=2×2×2×7=23×71
o Step 3: Identify Common Prime Factors
 Common factor is 222.
 The lowest power is 232^323.
o Step 4: Calculate the HCF
HCF=23=8HCF = 2^3 = 8HCF=23=8

6. 44 and 66
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 44
44=2×2×11=22×11144 = 2 \times 2 \times 11 = 2^2 \times
11^144=2×2×11=22×111
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 66
66=2×3×11=21×31×11166 = 2 \times 3 \times 11 = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times
11^166=2×3×11=21×31×111
o Step 3: Identify Common Prime Factors
  Common factors are 222 and 111111.
 The lowest powers are 212^121 and 11111^1111.
o Step 4: Calculate the HCF
HCF=21×111=22HCF = 2^1 \times 11^1 = 22HCF=21×111=22

Part B: Find the HCF by Division Method

1. 28 and 70
o Step 1: Divide the larger number (70) by the smaller number (28):
70÷28=270 \div 28 = 270÷28=2 remainder 141414
o Step 2: Divide 28 by the remainder (14):
28÷14=228 \div 14 = 228÷14=2 remainder 000
o Step 3: The remainder is 0, so the divisor (14) is the HCF:
HCF=14HCF = 14HCF=14

2. 51 and 85
o Step 1: Divide 85 by 51:
85÷51=185 \div 51 = 185÷51=1 remainder 343434
o Step 2: Divide 51 by 34:
51÷34=151 \div 34 = 151÷34=1 remainder 171717
o Step 3: Divide 34 by 17:
34÷17=234 \div 17 = 234÷17=2 remainder 000
o Step 4: The remainder is 0, so the divisor (17) is the HCF:
HCF=17HCF = 17HCF=17

3. 66 and 88
o Step 1: Divide 88 by 66:
88÷66=188 \div 66 = 188÷66=1 remainder 222222
o Step 2: Divide 66 by 22:
66÷22=366 \div 22 = 366÷22=3 remainder 000
o Step 3: The remainder is 0, so the divisor (22) is the HCF:
HCF=22HCF = 22HCF=22

4. 48 and 80
o Step 1: Divide 80 by 48:
80÷48=180 \div 48 = 180÷48=1 remainder 323232
 o Step 2: Divide 48 by 32:
48÷32=148 \div 32 = 148÷32=1 remainder 161616
o Step 3: Divide 32 by 16:
32÷16=232 \div 16 = 232÷16=2 remainder 000
o Step 4: The remainder is 0, so the divisor (16) is the HCF:
HCF=16HCF = 16HCF=16

5. 57 and 95
o Step 1: Divide 95 by 57:
95÷57=195 \div 57 = 195÷57=1 remainder 383838
o Step 2: Divide 57 by 38:
57÷38=157 \div 38 = 157÷38=1 remainder 191919
o Step 3: Divide 38 by 19:
38÷19=238 \div 19 = 238÷19=2 remainder 000
o Step 4: The remainder is 0, so the divisor (19) is the HCF:
HCF=19HCF = 19HCF=19

6. 54 and 90
o Step 1: Divide 90 by 54:
90÷54=190 \div 54 = 190÷54=1 remainder 363636
o Step 2: Divide 54 by 36:
54÷36=154 \div 36 = 154÷36=1 remainder 181818
o Step 3: Divide 36 by 18:
36÷18=236 \div 18 = 236÷18=2 remainder 000
o Step 4: The remainder is 0, so the divisor (18) is the HCF:
HCF=18HCF = 18HCF=18

7. 40, 60, and 80

o Step 1: Find HCF of 40 and 60:
 60÷40=160 \div 40 = 160÷40=1 remainder 202020
 40÷20=240 \div 20 = 240÷20=2 remainder 000
 HCF of 40 and 60 is 20.
o Step 2: Now find HCF of 20 and 80:
 80÷20=480 \div 20 = 480÷20=4 remainder 000
 HCF of 20 and 80 is 20.
o Step 3: So, HCF of 40, 60, and 80 is:
HCF=20HCF = 20HCF=20
 8. 36, 60, and 96
o Step 1: Find HCF of 36 and 60:
 60÷36=160 \div 36 = 160÷36=1 remainder 242424
 36÷24=136 \div 24 = 136÷24=1 remainder 121212
 24÷12=224 \div 12 = 224÷12=2 remainder 000
 HCF of 36 and 60 is 12.
o Step 2: Now find HCF of 12 and 96:
 96÷12=896 \div 12 = 896÷12=8 remainder 000
 HCF of 12 and 96 is 12.
o Step 3: So, HCF of 36, 60, and 96 is:
HCF=12HCF = 12HCF=12

Exercise 2.2: LCM by Prime Factorization and Division Method

Part A: Find the LCM of the following by Prime Factorization method

1. 36 and 54
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 36:
36=22×3236 = 2^2 \times 3^236=22×32
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 54:
54=21×3354 = 2^1 \times 3^354=21×33
o Step 3: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
222^222 from 36 and 333^333 from 54.
o Step 4: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=22×33=4×27=108LCM = 2^2 \times 3^3 = 4 \times 27 =
108LCM=22×33=4×27=108

2. 33 and 55
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 33:
33=3×1133 = 3 \times 1133=3×11
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 55:
55=5×1155 = 5 \times 1155=5×11
o Step 3: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
31,51,1113^1, 5^1, 11^131,51,111
o Step 4: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=31×51×111=3×5×11=165LCM = 3^1 \times 5^1 \times 11^1 = 3 \times 5 \
times 11 = 165LCM=31×51×111=3×5×11=165
 3. 56, 84, and 98
o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 56:
56=23×7156 = 2^3 \times 7^156=23×71
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 84:
84=22×31×7184 = 2^2 \times 3^1 \times 7^184=22×31×71
o Step 3: Prime Factorization of 98:
98=21×7298 = 2^1 \times 7^298=21×72
o Step 4: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
23,31,722^3, 3^1, 7^223,31,72
o Step 5: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=23×31×72=8×3×49=1176LCM = 2^3 \times 3^1 \times 7^2 = 8 \times 3 \
times 49 = 1176LCM=23×31×72=8×3×49=1176

4. 16, 24, and 40

o Step 1: Prime Factorization of 16:
16=2416 = 2^416=24
o Step 2: Prime Factorization of 24:
24=23×3124 = 2^3 \times 3^124=23×31
o Step 3: Prime Factorization of 40:
40=23×5140 = 2^3 \times 5^140=23×51
o Step 4: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
24,31,512^4, 3^1, 5^124,31,51
o Step 5: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=24×31×51=16×3×5=240LCM = 2^4 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 = 16 \times 3 \
times 5 = 240LCM=24×31×51=16×3×5=240

Part B: Find the LCM using the Division Method

1. 16 and 24
o Step 1: Set up the division:

NumberDivision16224281121\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \text{Division} \\ \

hline 16 & 2 \\ 24 & 2 \\ \hline 8 & 1 \\ 12 & 1 \\ \end{array}Number1624812
Division2211

o Step 2: Continue dividing:

NumberDivision821224161\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \text{Division} \\ \hline

8 & 2 \\ 12 & 2 \\ \hline 4 & 1 \\ 6 & 1 \\ \end{array}Number81246Division2211
 o Step 3: Last division:

NumberDivision44631111\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \text{Division} \\ \hline

4 & 4 \\ 6 & 3 \\ \hline 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \\ \end{array}Number4611Division4311

o Step 4: Multiply the divisors:

LCM=2×2×2=8LCM = 2 \times 2 \times 2 = 8LCM=2×2×2=8

2. 20 and 25
o Step 1: Set up the division:

NumberDivision2052554151\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \text{Division} \\ \

hline 20 & 5 \\ 25 & 5 \\ \hline 4 & 1 \\ 5 & 1 \\ \end{array}Number202545Division5511

o Step 2: Last division:

NumberDivision44551111\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \text{Division} \\ \hline

4 & 4 \\ 5 & 5 \\ \hline 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \\ \end{array}Number4511Division4511

o Step 3: Multiply the divisors:

LCM=5×4=20LCM = 5 \times 4 = 20LCM=5×4=20

3. 60, 70, and 80

o Step 1: Set up the division:

NumberDivision602702802301351401\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \

text{Division} \\ \hline 60 & 2 \\ 70 & 2 \\ 80 & 2 \\ \hline 30 & 1 \\ 35 & 1 \\ 40 & 1 \\ \
end{array}Number607080303540Division222111

o Step 2: Continue dividing:

NumberDivision3033554041015141\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \

text{Division} \\ \hline 30 & 3 \\ 35 & 5 \\ 40 & 4 \\ \hline 10 & 1 \\ 5 & 1 \\ 4 & 1 \\ \
end{array}Number3035401054Division354111

o Step 3: Last division:

NumberDivision1055544211111\begin{array}{c|c} \text{Number} & \text{Division} \\ \

hline 10 & 5 \\ 5 & 5 \\ 4 & 4 \\ \hline 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \\ \
end{array}Number1054211Division554111
 o Step 4: Multiply the divisors:
LCM=2×2×5×3×4=840LCM = 2 \times 2 \times 5 \times 3 \times 4 =
840LCM=2×2×5×3×4=840

Exercise 2.3: Real-Life Problems Using HCF and LCM

1. Problem: Find the least number which is divisible by 15, 25, 40, and 75.
o Step 1: Prime factorization of the numbers:
 15=3×515 = 3 \times 515=3×5
 25=5225 = 5^225=52
 40=23×540 = 2^3 \times 540=23×5
 75=3×5275 = 3 \times 5^275=3×52
o Step 2: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 23,31,522^3, 3^1, 5^223,31,52
o Step 3: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=23×31×52=600LCM = 2^3 \times 3^1 \times 5^2 =
600LCM=23×31×52=600

2. Problem: Find the greatest number that will divide 42, 66, and 78.
o Step 1: Prime factorization of the numbers:
 42=2×3×742 = 2 \times 3 \times 742=2×3×7
 66=2×3×1166 = 2 \times 3 \times 1166=2×3×11
 78=2×3×1378 = 2 \times 3 \times 1378=2×3×13
o Step 2: Take the lowest powers of all common factors:
 Common factors are 222 and 333.
o Step 3: Calculate the HCF:
HCF=21×31=6HCF = 2^1 \times 3^1 = 6HCF=21×31=6

3. Problem: Salam exercises every 10 days, and Nadeem every 6 days. After how many
days will they exercise together again?
o Step 1: Prime factorization of the numbers:
 10=2×510 = 2 \times 510=2×5
 6=2×36 = 2 \times 36=2×3
o Step 2: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 21,31,512^1, 3^1, 5^121,31,51
o Step 3: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=21×31×51=30LCM = 2^1 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 = 30LCM=21×31×51=30
o They will exercise together in 30 days.
 4. Problem: Hooria is thinking of a number that is divisible by both 15 and 21. What is the
smallest possible number?
o Step 1: Prime factorization of the numbers:
 15=3×515 = 3 \times 515=3×5
 21=3×721 = 3 \times 721=3×7
o Step 2: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 31,51,713^1, 5^1, 7^131,51,71
o Step 3: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=31×51×71=105LCM = 3^1 \times 5^1 \times 7^1 =
105LCM=31×51×71=105

5. Problem: Four vans leave Sukkur at the same time. The first van is seen after 3 hours,
the second after 4 hours, the third after 5 hours, and the fourth after 6 hours. After how
many hours will they all come together again?
o Step 1: List the numbers: 3, 4, 5, 6
o Step 2: Calculate the LCM:
 3=313 = 3^13=31
 4=224 = 2^24=22
 5=515 = 5^15=51
 6=21×316 = 2^1 \times 3^16=21×31
o Step 3: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 22,31,512^2, 3^1, 5^122,31,51
o Step 4: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=22×31×51=60LCM = 2^2 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 = 60LCM=22×31×51=60

Review Exercise 2

1. Find the least number which is exactly divisible by 6, 8, and 12.

o Step 1: Prime factorization of the numbers:
 6=2×36 = 2 \times 36=2×3
 8=238 = 2^38=23
 12=22×312 = 2^2 \times 312=22×3
o Step 2: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 23,312^3, 3^123,31
o Step 3: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=23×31=24LCM = 2^3 \times 3^1 = 24LCM=23×31=24
2. What will be the capacity of the smallest drum which can be filled completely using
each of the utensils that can fill exactly 15l, 25l, 40l, or 75l?
o Step 1: Prime factorization:
 15=3×515 = 3 \times 515=3×5
 25=5225 = 5^225=52
 40=23×540 = 2^3 \times 540=23×5
 75=3×5275 = 3 \times 5^275=3×52
o Step 2: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 23,31,522^3, 3^1, 5^223,31,52
o Step 3: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=23×31×52=300LCM = 2^3 \times 3^1 \times 5^2 =
300LCM=23×31×52=300

3. What is the least number of apples which can be distributed equally among 10, 15,
or 20 children?
o Step 1: Prime factorization:
 10=2×510 = 2 \times 510=2×5
 15=3×515 = 3 \times 515=3×5
 20=22×520 = 2^2 \times 520=22×5
o Step 2: Take the highest powers of all prime factors:
 22,31,512^2, 3^1, 5^122,31,51
o Step 3: Calculate the LCM:
LCM=22×31×51=60LCM = 2^2 \times 3^1 \times 5^1 = 60LCM=22×31×51=60

4. Two pieces of cloth 15 metres and 20 metres long are to be cut into small pieces of
equal lengths. What will be the greatest length of each piece?
o Step 1: Prime factorization:
 15=3×515 = 3 \times 515=3×5
 20=22×520 = 2^2 \times 520=22×5
o Step 2: Identify the common prime factors:
 Common factor is 555.
o Step 3: Calculate the HCF:
HCF=5HCF = 5HCF=5

5. Find the greatest number which divides 12 and 18 exactly.

o Step 1: Prime factorization:
 12=22×312 = 2^2 \times 312=22×3
 18=2×3218 = 2 \times 3^218=2×32
o Step 2: Identify the common prime factors:
 Common factors are 222 and 333.
 o Step 3: Calculate the HCF:
HCF=21×31=6HCF = 2^1 \times 3^1 = 6HCF=21×31=6

Chapter -3rd – Fractions

Exercise 3.1

A. Add the following:

1. 1/3 + 2/1 = 7/3

2. 3/4 + 8/3 = 47/12
3. 2/5 + 1/3 = 11/15
4. 8/3 + 1/3 = 3
5. 9/2 + 4/3 = 35/6
6. 5/2 + 7/3 = 29/6

B. Solve:

1. 1/3 + 1/1 + 1/9 = 17/9

2. 1 1/6 + 1 1/15 + 1 1/18 = 3 23/90
3. 1 1/8 + 1 1/12 + 1 1/16 = 3 11/48
4. 3 1/10 + 5 1/20 + 5 1/5 = 14 3/20
5. 2 2/3 + 1 1/15 + 1 1/20 = 5 1/12
6. 1 1/24 + 1 1/32 + 1 1/4 = 4 1/48

C. Subtract the following:

1. 3 3/4 - 8/3 = 1 1/12

2. 2 1/2 - 1/4 = 2 1/4
3. 3 4/5 - 2 1/2 = 1 3/10
4. 5 2/5 - 1 1/2 = 3 9/10
5. 4 2/4 - 1 1/4 = 3 1/4
6. 3 3/5 - 2 9/10 = 1/2

D. Solve:

1. 7 1/8 - 3 1/4 - 1 1/4 = 2 3/8

2. 3 3/4 - 6 1/3 - 1 1/3 = -4 1/12
3. 6 7/8 - 14 1/2 - 2 1/2 = -10 1/8
4. 2 5/6 - 2 1/3 - 1 1/4 = -1 1/12
5. 11 2/12 - 6 1/11 - 2 1/11 = 3 1/12
6. 2 9/10 - 3 2/5 - 1 1/25 = -2 1/50
7. 4 9/8 - 3 6/11 - 4 1/3 = -3 13/24
8. 3 1/2 - 3 4/4 - 2 2/9 = -2 13/18
9. 2 15/16 - 2 5/10 - 1 1/3 = -1 1/240
E. Add:

1. 2/5 + 3/10 = 7/10

2. 1 1/2 + 1 1/6 = 3 1/3
3. 1 1/7 + 1 1/4 + 1 1/21 = 4 1/3

F. Subtract:

1. 3/2 from 4/3 = 1/6

2. 1/3 from 5/4 = 7/12
3. 3/4 from 5/5 = 2/5

Exercise 3.2

A. Multiply the fraction by the given whole number. Also demonstrate with the help of a
diagram.

1. 3/4 x 4 = 3

3/4 x 4 diagram

2. 1/3 x 3 = 1

1/3 x 3 diagram
3. 3/5 x 5 = 3

3/5 x 5 diagram

4. 1/2 x 2 = 1

1/2 x 2 diagram

5. 1/4 x 8 = 2

1/4 x 8 diagram
6. 1/3 x 6 = 2

1/3 x 6 diagram

7. 3/2 x 4 = 6

3/2 x 4 diagram

8. 2/3 x 6 = 4

2/3 x 6 diagram
 9. 3/5 x 11 = 33/5

3/5 x 11 diagram

B. Multiply the given fraction by another fraction.

1. 1/2 by 1/5 = 1/10

1/2 x 1/5 diagram

2. 1/4 by 3/5 = 3/20

1/4 x 3/5 diagram

3. 1/3 by 2/3 = 2/9

1/3 x 2/3 diagram

4. 1/4 by 3/4 = 3/16

1/4 x 3/4 diagram

5. 2 1/3 by 4/5 = 28/15

2 1/3 x 4/5 diagram

 6. 3 1/2 by 1 1/2 = 5 1/4

3 1/2 x 1 1/2 diagram

C. Simplify.

1. 3/4 x 8/9 = 2/3

2. 2/5 x 25/4 = 5/2
3. 7/3 x 9/14 = 3/2
4. 5 1/18 x 2 1/10 x 8/7 = 4
5. 6/7 x 14/15 x 3 1/8 = 4
6. 2 1/3 x 2 1/1 x 2/20 = 1 1/10

Exercise 3.3

Solve:

1. 5/6 x 2 1/4 x 16/5 = 8

2. 7/9 x (2 1/4 - 8/7) = 1/3
3. (4/5 x 10/3) x 9/8 = 3
4. (3/4 x 16/5) x 2 1/3 = 4
5. (1 3/5 x 1 1/10) x 5/21 = 1
6. (1 1/6 x 5/6) x 5 1/7 = 4 1/7
7. 1 5/16 x (12 1/2 x 1 11/21) = 22 1/2
8. 2 5/6 x (1 3/17 x 2 1/10) = 10 1/2
9. (3 9/10 x 20/36) x 1 11/13 = 10
10. (2 4/5 x 1 5/7) x 2 1/12 = 10 1/2
11. 4 2/7 x (2 5/8 x 5 1/9) = 60 1/3
12. 8 1/3 x (2 1/10 x 1 1/7) = 20 1/2

Exercise 3.4

A. Verify the distributive law of multiplication over addition in the following:

1. 2/5 x (3/7 + 4/5) = (2/5 x 3/7) + (2/5 x 4/5)

o Left side: 2/5 x 7/35 = 14/175
 o Right side: 6/35 + 8/25 = 14/175
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.
2. 7/9 x (1/4 + 1/3) = (7/9 x 1/4) + (7/9 x 1/3)
o Left side: 7/9 x 7/12 = 49/108
o Right side: 7/36 + 7/27 = 49/108
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.
3. 2/7 x (3/8 + 1/5) = (2/7 x 3/8) + (2/7 x 1/5)
o Left side: 2/7 x 23/40 = 46/280
o Right side: 3/28 + 2/35 = 46/280
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.
4. (1/9 + 9/9) x 4/5 = (1/9 x 4/5) + (9/9 x 4/5)
o Left side: 10/9 x 4/5 = 40/45
o Right side: 4/45 + 36/45 = 40/45
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.

B. Verify the distributive law of multiplication over subtraction in the following:

1. 1/2 x (3/4 - 2/3) = (1/2 x 3/4) - (1/2 x 2/3)

o Left side: 1/2 x 1/12 = 1/24
o Right side: 3/8 - 1/3 = 1/24
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.
2. 5/1 x (2/1 - 3/1) = (5/1 x 2/1) - (5/1 x 3/1)
o Left side: 5/1 x -1/1 = -5/1
o Right side: 10/1 - 15/1 = -5/1
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.
3. (4/5 - 3/4) x 2/3 = (4/5 x 2/3) - (3/4 x 2/3)
o Left side: 1/20 x 2/3 = 1/30
o Right side: 8/15 - 1/2 = 1/30
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.
4. 6/6 x (7/7 - 2/2) = (6/6 x 7/7) - (6/6 x 2/2)
o Left side: 6/6 x 5/7 = 30/42
o Right side: 42/42 - 12/42 = 30/42
o Therefore, the distributive law holds.

Exercise 3.5

1. Problem: The height of a door is 2 2/3 meters. Out of which 1/8 part was trimmed off.
How much was trimmed off?

Solution: To find the trimmed part, we need to multiply the height of the door by 1/8.

2 2/3 * 1/8 = 8/3 * 1/8 = 1/3 meters

Answer: 1/3 meter was trimmed off.

2. Problem: On Monday, one-tenth of the total number of students were on leave. If the
total number of students enrolled is 550, how many students were present?

Solution: First, find the number of students on leave:

550 * 1/10 = 55 students

Then, subtract the number of students on leave from the total:

550 - 55 = 495 students

Answer: 495 students were present.

3. Problem: A surgeon advised an operating room technician to arrange 12 drips of

dextrose solution. The hospital has only 2/3 of the required dextrose. How many drips are
available in the hospital?

Solution: To find the number of available drips, multiply the total number of drips by
2/3:

12 * 2/3 = 8 drips

Answer: 8 drips are available in the hospital.

4. Problem: A lady used 1/5 of 50 kg of wheat for making bread. If she makes bread twice
a day, then how much wheat will be used?

Solution: First, find the amount of wheat used per day:

50 kg * 1/5 = 10 kg

Then, multiply the daily usage by 2 to find the weekly usage:

10 kg * 2 = 20 kg

Answer: 20 kg of wheat will be used.

5. Problem: Find the price of 13 dozen of eggs if the price of one egg is Rs 9 1/2.

Solution: First, convert the price of one egg to a fraction:

9 1/2 = 19/2

Then, find the price of 1 dozen eggs:

19/2 * 12 = 114
 Finally, find the price of 13 dozen eggs:

114 * 13 = 1482

Answer: The price of 13 dozen eggs is Rs 1482.

6. Problem: A lady bought 5 2/5 meters of cloth. She used 1/3 of the cloth in making a TV
cover. How much cloth did she use?

Solution: Convert the length of the cloth to a fraction:

5 2/5 = 27/5

Then, multiply the length of the cloth by 1/3:

27/5 * 1/3 = 9/5 meters

Answer: She used 9/5 meters of cloth.

7. Problem: A cooler holds 8 bottles of water. If one bottle is holding 2 1/2 liters of water,
find the capacity of the full cooler.

Solution: Convert the volume of one bottle to a fraction:

2 1/2 = 5/2

Then, multiply the volume of one bottle by the number of bottles:

5/2 * 8 = 20 liters

Answer: The capacity of the full cooler is 20 liters.

8. Problem: What is the total length of the cloth if it consists of 12 pieces of cloth and each
piece is of length 1 1/2 meters?

Solution: Convert the length of one piece to a fraction:

1 1/2 = 3/2

Then, multiply the length of one piece by the number of pieces:

3/2 * 12 = 18 meters

Answer: The total length of the cloth is 18 meters.

 9. Problem: The cost of 1 kg of potatoes is Rs 45. Find the cost of 15 2/4 kg of that
potatoes.

Solution: Convert the weight of potatoes to a fraction:

15 2/4 = 62/4

Then, multiply the weight of potatoes by the cost per kg:

62/4 * 45 = 697.5

Answer: The cost of 15 2/4 kg of potatoes is Rs 697.5.

10. Problem: A piece of wire is 8 1/3 meters long. Find the total length of the wire if there
are 13 1/5 such small pieces.

Solution: Convert the length of one piece to a fraction:

8 1/3 = 25/3

Then, multiply the length of one piece by the number of pieces:

25/3 * 13 1/5 = 1040/15

Answer: The total length of the wire is 1040/15 meters.

Exercise 3.6

A. Write the reciprocals of each of the following:

1. 2: 1/2
2. 4: 1/4
3. 1/3: 3
4. 1/5: 5
5. 1/10: 10
6. 3/4: 4/3
7. 2 2/7: 7/17
8. 1 1/5: 5/6
9. 2 1/3: 3/7
10. 4 2/3: 3/14

B. Solve:

1. 1 1/2 ÷ 5 5/6 = 3/11

2. 2 3/4 ÷ 4 = 11/16
3. 3 1/4 ÷ 6 = 13/24
 4. 4 1/5 ÷ 8 = 21/40
5. 5 1/6 ÷ 10 = 31/60
6. 4 1/5 ÷ 12 = 21/60
7. 7 1/8 ÷ 14 = 1/2
8. 8 1/9 ÷ 24 = 7/216
9. 2 2/5 ÷ 36 = 11/90
10. 1 1/9 ÷ 20 = 10/189
11. 2 1/5 ÷ 55 = 11/275
12. 3 1/3 ÷ 5 = 10/15

Exercise 3.7

Solve the following:

1. 1 1/2 ÷ 3 3/4 = 2/7

2. 7/6 ÷ 4/9 = 21/8
3. 3/4 ÷ 15/16 = 4/5
4. 9/7 ÷ 81/14 = 2/9
5. 1/6 ÷ 1/12 = 2
6. 11/22 ÷ 11/22 = 1
7. 16/9 ÷ 4/3 = 4/3
8. 20/30 ÷ 40/30 = 1/2
9. 1 1/4 ÷ 1 1/4 = 1
10. 2 3/4 ÷ 4 3/4 = 11/19
11. 8 1/2 ÷ 3 1/2 = 5/3
12. 2 2/5 ÷ 5 1/6 = 13/31
13. 3 9/5 ÷ 2 1/4 = 14/5
14. 3 8/9 ÷ 1 1/9 = 4
15. 10 1/9 ÷ 4 3/4 = 23/19

Exercise 3.8

1. Problem: Talib buys 10 1/2 kg tomatoes for Rs 210. What is the price of 1 kg of
tomatoes?

Solution: To find the price per kg, divide the total price by the total weight:

210 ÷ 10 1/2 = 210 ÷ 21/2 = 20

Answer: The price of 1 kg of tomatoes is Rs 20.

2. Problem: One-fifth of the 35 cars in the parking area are blue. How many blue cars are
there in the parking area?

Solution: To find the number of blue cars, multiply the total number of cars by 1/5:

35 * 1/5 = 7

Answer: There are 7 blue cars in the parking area.

3. Problem: Naila buys 7/3 m piece of a lace. She wants to make its small pieces at length
1/12 m. How many pieces can be made?

Solution: To find the number of pieces, divide the total length by the length of each
piece:

7/3 ÷ 1/12 = 28

Answer: Naila can make 28 pieces.

4. Problem: The camp cook made 1 3/4 kg of baked beans. Each serving of beans is 1 1/4
kg. How many servings of beans did the cook make?

Solution: To find the number of servings, divide the total amount by the amount per
serving:

1 3/4 ÷ 1 1/4 = 7/4 ÷ 5/4 = 7/5

Answer: The cook made 7/5 servings of beans.

5. Problem: A road is 50 1/2 meters long. Half of it was damaged in rain. How much road
is safe?

Solution: First, find the length of the damaged part:

50 1/2 * 1/2 = 101/4

Then, subtract the damaged part from the total length:

101/4 - 101/4 = 0

Answer: The entire road is safe.

 6. Problem: Rehan bought 82 1/2 meters of cloth. He used this cloth for making uniforms
of 15 children of equal size. How much is cloth used in each dress?

Solution: To find the cloth used per dress, divide the total cloth by the number of
children:

82 1/2 ÷ 15 = 165/2 ÷ 15 = 11/2

Answer: 11/2 meters of cloth is used in each dress.

7. Problem: A plastic drum holds 49 1/2 liters of drinking water. How many bottles holding
1 1/2 liters of drinking water can be filled from it?

Solution: To find the number of bottles, divide the total volume by the volume of each
bottle:

49 1/2 ÷ 1 1/2 = 99/2 ÷ 3/2 = 33

Answer: 33 bottles can be filled from the drum.

8. Problem: A boy completes 8 3/4 km in 2 1/2 hours on a bicycle in a race. How much
distance does he complete in 1 hour?

Solution: To find the distance per hour, divide the total distance by the total time:

8 3/4 ÷ 2 1/2 = 35/4 ÷ 5/2 = 7/2

Answer: The boy completes 7/2 km in 1 hour.

Exercise 3.9

Solve the following:

1. 3/4 + 2/9 - 4 1/3 + 1 1/4 = -2 1/36

2. 1/2 + (3/4 x 7/33 - 1/3) = 1/12
3. 2 1/5 - (7/10 + 1 2/3) = -1 1/30
4. (3 6/6 - 1 1/4) x 2 = 5 1/2
5. (4/5 - 7/10) x (1 2/3 + 1 1/4) = -1/60
6. 2 5 1/2 + 3/10 - (2 3/4 - 1 1/2) = 3 1/20
7. 1 3/2 - (4/4 - 3/7) + 2 1/1 - 8 1/2 = -3 1/14
8. 1 5/5 + (2 3/3 x 4 1/4 + 2 2/3) - 1 7/2 = 11 1/2
9. 1 1/6 + 3/5 - (5 2/4 + 3 3/10) + 1 1/5 = -4 1/15
10. (5 5/6 - 8/6) x (10 2/7 + 5 5/5) = 20 1/7
11. 20 + 5/9 - (1 3/2 + 1 1/2) = 17 1/9
12. 4 2/4 + (5 3/4 - 1 3/5) - 5 2/3 = 3 1/30
Review Exercise 3

1. Write "T" for true and "F" for false.

(i) 4 2/3 is an example of an improper fraction. T (ii) 3 1/3 - 1 1/3 = 1 1/9. F (iii) The lowest
form of 12/15 is 3/4. F (iv) 3/4 - 1/2 = 1/4. T (v) 1/3, 2/6, 3/9 are equivalent fractions. T (vi) The
reciprocal of 2 1/2 is 5/5. F (vii) 1/4 of a dozen is 9. F (viii) 1/2 m equal to 150 cm. T

2. Solve the following.

(i) Five ball points are bought for Rs 50 3/4. Find the price of one ball point.

* 50 3/4 = 203/4
* 203/4 ÷ 5 = 40.6

**Answer:** The price of one ball point is Rs 40.6.

(ii) Aftal and Fazila bought a chocolate bar. Aftal got 2/3 and Fazila got 1/10. Who got more and
by how much?

* 2/3 = 20/30
* 1/10 = 3/30
* Aftal got more by 20/30 - 3/30 = 17/30

**Answer:** Aftal got more by 17/30 of the chocolate bar.

(iii) Find the price of two dozen packets of biscuit, if the price of one packet is Rs 12 1/2.

* 12 1/2 = 25/2
* 25/2 * 24 = 300

**Answer:** The price of two dozen packets of biscuit is Rs 300.

(iv) Shumalla buys 2 1/4 m ribbon. She used 1 7/8 m of it. How much ribbon is left?

* 2 1/4 = 9/4
* 1 7/8 = 15/8
* 9/4 - 15/8 = 3/8

**Answer:** 3/8 m of ribbon is left.

(v) 75 3/4 kg of tea is packed into packets. Each packet contains 3/8 kg of tea. How many
packets are needed to fill the tea?

* 75 3/4 = 303/4
* 303/4 ÷ 3/8 = 63

**Answer:** 63 packets are needed.

(vi) At a charity show, each student in a school purchases a ticket costing Rs 30 3/4. If the
amount collected is Rs 24600. Find the number of tickets sold.

* 30 3/4 = 123/4
* 24600 ÷ 123/4 = 800

**Answer:** 800 tickets were sold.

(vii) Solve:

(a) 2 1/3 - (5 1/6 + 1 7/8) ÷ 2 15/16 + 1 1/8

* 2 1/3 - (11 1/24) ÷ 43/16 + 1 1/8
* 2 1/3 - 11/2 + 1 1/8
* 1/6

(b) 3/4 + 3/4 of 3 1/4 ÷ 3/4 - (3 x 4/3)

* 3/4 + 3/4 of 13/4 ÷ 3/4 - 4
* 3/4 + 39/16 ÷ 3/4 - 4
* 3/4 + 13/4 - 4
* 3/2

Chapter 4-Decimal and Percentages

Exercise 4.1

A. Add the following:

(1) 22.32 + 6.46 = 28.78 (2) 4.567 + 36.4 = 40.967 (3) 75.05 + 24.62 = 99.67 (4) 257.003 + 0.25
= 257.253 (5) 40.123 + 7.32 = 47.443 (6) 45.005 + 52.47 = 97.475 (7) 345.38 + 786.46 =
1131.84 (8) 674.567 + 36.48 = 711.047 (9) 45.75 + 54.69 = 100.44 (10) 287.099 + 8.258 =
295.357 (11) 45.468 + 277.358 = 322.826 (12) 35.69 + 875.875 = 911.565

B. Subtract the following:

(13) 25.52 - 6.3 = 19.22 (14) 74.567 - 33.402 = 41.165 (15) 75.75 - 24.62 = 51.13 (16) 257.003 -
0.25 = 256.753 (17) 49.123 - 7.02 = 42.103 (18) 757.785 - 152.005 = 605.78 (19) 786.46 -
345.38 = 441.08 (20) 674.567 - 36.48 = 638.087 (21) 85.75 - 54.65 = 31.1 (22) 287.099 -
174.055 = 113.044 (23) 845.468 - 234.358 = 611.11 (24) 935.69 - 805.365 = 130.325
Exercise 4.2

A. Separate the like decimals of one, two and three decimal places from the following:

0.08, 2.123, 34.25, 0.6, 3.36, 52.30, 38.66 and 62.1.

One decimal place: 0.08, 0.6, 52.30, 62.1 Two decimal places: 34.25, 38.66 Three decimal
places: 2.123

B. Find the product of the following by using the rules of multiplication:

(1) 0.175 x 10 = 1.75 (2) 0.175 x 100 = 17.5 (3) 0.175 x 1000 = 175 (4) 35.058 x 10 = 350.58 (5)
35.058 x 100 = 3505.8 (6) 35.058 x 1000 = 35058 (7) 8.15 x 10 = 81.5 (8) 8.15 x 100 = 815 (9)
8.15 x 1000 = 8150 (10) 324.423 x 10 = 3244.23 (11) 324.423 x 100 = 32442.3 (12) 324.423 x
1000 = 324423 (13) 0.0067 x 10 = 0.067 (14) 0.0067 x 100 = 0.67 (15) 0.0067 x 1000 = 6.7

Exercise 4.3

A. Solve the following by using the rules of division as stated above:

(1) 6.675 ÷ 10 = 0.6675 (2) 6.675 ÷ 100 = 0.06675 (3) 6.675 ÷ 1000 = 0.006675 (4) 35.89 ÷ 10 =
3.589 (5) 35.89 ÷ 100 = 0.3589 (6) 35.89 ÷ 1000 = 0.03589 (7) 815.4 ÷ 10 = 81.54 (8) 815.4 ÷
100 = 8.154 (9) 815.4 ÷ 1000 = 0.8154 (10) 0.085 ÷ 10 = 0.0085 (11) 0.085 ÷ 100 = 0.00085
(12) 0.085 ÷ 1000 = 0.000085

Exercise 4.4

Find the product:

(1) 6.5 x 5 = 32.5 (2) 3.5 x 6 = 21 (3) 0.65 x 5 = 3.25 (4) 0.65 x 6 = 3.9 (5) 0.35 x 8 = 2.8 (6)
4.25 x 7 = 29.75 (7) 4.25 x 8 = 34 (8) 4.25 x 9 = 38.25 (9) 0.382 x 5 = 1.91 (10) 0.394 x 8 =
3.152 (11) 24.58 x 7 = 171.66 (12) 53.69 x 9 = 483.21 (13) 4.25 x 27 = 114.75 (14) 0.265 x 36 =
9.54 (15) 2.785 x 435 = 1210.975 (16) 4.25 x 162 = 688.5 (17) 47.326 x 348 = 16425.168 (18)
58.967 x 564 = 33227.368

Exercise 4.5

A. Solve:

(1) 0.65 ÷ 5 = 0.13 (2) 6.5 ÷ 5 = 1.3 (3) 0.065 ÷ 5 = 0.013 (4) 3.6 ÷ 6 = 0.6 (5) 0.64 ÷ 8 = 0.08
(6) 4.27 ÷ 7 = 0.61 (7) 9.6 ÷ 8 = 1.2 (8) 44.1 ÷ 9 = 4.9

(9) 0.385 ÷ 5 = 0.077 (10) 8.394 ÷ 6 = 1.399 (11) 39.851 ÷ 7 = 5.693 (12) 87.03 ÷ 9 = 9.67
B. Solve up to 3-decimal places:

(1) 40.25 ÷ 4 = 10.063 (2) 89.64 ÷ 6 = 14.940 (3) 98.58 ÷ 3 = 32.860 (4) 24.25 ÷ 10 = 2.425 (5)
0.265 ÷ 20 = 0.013 (6) 2.785 ÷ 25 = 0.111 (7) 3.16 ÷ 2.31 = 1.368 (8) 0.555 ÷ 5.5 = 0.101 (9)
14.04 ÷ 12.4 = 1.132

Exercise 4.6

Find the product of the following:

(1) 2.6 x 0.1 = 0.26 (2) 3.87 x 0.2 = 0.774 (3) 42.5 x 0.3 = 12.75 (4) 59.95 x 0.4 = 23.98 (5) 0.3 x
0.05 = 0.015 (6) 0.01 x 0.6 = 0.006 (7) 1.1 x 0.4 = 0.44 (8) 1.05 x 0.2 = 0.21 (9) 2.6 x 0.03 =
0.078 (10) 0.3 x 0.01 = 0.003 (11) 0.01 x 0.01 = 0.0001 (12) 1.1 x 0.08 = 0.088 (13) 3.87 x 0.06
= 0.2322 (14) 42.5 x 0.05 = 2.125 (15) 59.95 x 0.07 = 4.1965

Exercise 4.7

A. Put the decimal point at the appropriate place in each answer:

(1) 46.7 x 1.2 = 56.04 (2) 0.754 x 1.2 = 0.9048 (3) 3.57 x 1.2 = 4.284 (4) 56.04 x 1.2 = 67.248
(5) 14.839 x 1.2 = 17.8068 (6) 81.84 x 1.2 = 98.208 (7) 219.24 x 2.5 = 548.100 (8) 402.58 x 2.3
= 925.934 (9) 1279356 x 3.54 = 4530362.64 (10) 5481025 x 2.5 = 13702562.5

B. Solve:

(1) 0.28 x 0.04 = 0.0112 (2) 0.45 x 0.25 = 0.1125 (3) 0.005 x 0.012 = 0.00006 (4) 0.28 x 0.05 =
0.014 (5) 0.065 x 0.5 = 0.0325 (6) 0.2 x 0.023 = 0.0046 (7) 0.002 x 0.08 = 0.00016 (8) 0.105 x
0.09 = 0.00945 (9) 0.31 x 0.052 = 0.01612 (10) 0.22 x 0.057 = 0.01254 (11) 0.25 x 0.05 =
0.0125 (12) 0.755 x 0.14 = 0.1057

C. Multiply:

(1) 1.4 x 2.5 = 3.5 (2) 1.05 x 2.6 = 2.73 (3) 3.8 x 0.7 = 2.66 (4) 0.3 x 2.01 = 0.603 (5) 4.45 x 1.8
= 8.01 (6) 7.84 x 1.5 = 11.76 (7) 9.06 x 7.1 = 64.206 (8) 25.08 x 4.4 = 110.352 (9) 7.2 x 2.6 =
18.72 (10) 9.02 x 7.85 = 70.757

Exercise 4.8

A. Solve by converting decimals to fractions:

(1) 2.16 ÷ 0.6 = 3.6 (2) 5.76 ÷ 0.24 = 24 (3) 4.41 ÷ 0.3 = 14.7 (4) 7.84 ÷ 0.07 = 112 (5) 0.6017 ÷
1.1 = 0.547 (6) 4.905 ÷ 4.5 = 1.09 (7) 7.84 ÷ 0.14 = 56 (8) 78.4 ÷ 0.7 = 112 (9) 10.24 ÷ 0.08 =
128 (10) 3.5308 ÷ 0.13 = 27.16 (11) 97.578 ÷ 0.039 = 2502 (12) 10.26 ÷ 0.18 = 57
B. Solve the following decimals using direct division method by moving decimal positions:

(1) 0.016 ÷ 0.2 = 0.08 (2) 0.18 ÷ 0.3 = 0.6 (3) 0.36 ÷ 0.6 = 0.6 (4) 0.072 ÷ 0.8 = 0.09 (5) 0.121 ÷
1.1 = 0.11 (6) 0.0169 ÷ 1.3 = 0.013 (7) 0.96 ÷ 0.4 = 2.4 (8) 1.018 ÷ 0.9 = 1.13 (9) 0.036 ÷ 1.2 =
0.03 (10) 2.0289 ÷ 1.7 = 1.1935 (11) 0.0144 ÷ 1.2 = 0.012 (12) 0.072 ÷ 0.12 = 0.6 (13) 4.096 ÷
0.16 = 25.6 (14) 0.325 ÷ 0.25 = 1.3 (15) 0.0196 ÷ 1.4 = 0.014

Exercise 4.9

1. Change the following fractions into decimals:

(1) 5/4 = 1.25 (2) 5/3 = 1.6667 (3) 4/5 = 0.8 (4) 7/10 = 0.7 (5) 15/7 = 2.1429 (6) 14/9 = 1.5556
(7) 5/8 = 0.625 (8) 23/9 = 2.5556 (9) 32/7 = 4.5714 (10) 45/13 = 3.4615 (11) 50/15 = 3.3333 (12)
9/14 = 0.6429 (13) 11/16 = 0.6875 (14) 5/12 = 0.4167 (15) 17/20 = 0.85 (16) 125/60 = 2.0833
(17) 245/26 = 9.4231 (18) 250/8 = 31.25 (19) 300/250 = 1.2 (20) 23/25 = 0.92

Exercise 4.10

Simplify:

(1) 5.6 + 7.22 - (22.24 + 4.68) = -13.0 (2) (20.14 x 5.6) + 10.9335 = 121.7735 (3) 4.6 + 6.07 +
(23.35 - 8.30 + 8.34) = 34.06 (4) 14.3 - 2.8 + (1.84 + 3.29) = 16.63 (5) (5.24 + 2.02) - 0.96 - 7.45
+ (9.405 - 2.24) = 6.07 (6) 5.6 x (25.5 - 12.2) + (2.3 + 2.6) = 75.4 (7) 45.234 + (18.024 - 6.66) -
(0.457 + 9.945) = 46.296 (8) 3.45 x 8.56 - 4.23 + (2.2 x 1.12) = 29.205 (9) (6.6 x 3.59) - (1.12 +
0.1) - 1.02 = 20.81 (10) (230.24 + 23.028) - 72.72 ÷ (6.42 + 14.045 - 6.3) = 228.304

Exercise 4.11

1. Round off the following decimals as whole numbers:

(1) 2.3 ≈ 2 (2) 5.6 ≈ 6 (3) 7.7 ≈ 8 (4) 6.6 ≈ 7 (5) 9.9 ≈ 10 (6) 8.3 ≈ 8 (7) 7.8 ≈ 8 (8) 50.2 ≈ 50 (9)
58.6 ≈ 59 (10) 78.2 ≈ 78 (11) 81.7 ≈ 82 (12) 99.9 ≈ 100

2. Round off the following decimals up to one decimal place:

(1) 32.38 ≈ 32.4 (2) 25.156 ≈ 25.2 (3) 6.17 ≈ 6.2 (4) 6.42 ≈ 6.4 (5) 76.798 ≈ 76.8 (6) 95.24 ≈
95.2 (7) 12.86 ≈ 12.9 (8) 5.95 ≈ 6.0 (9) 3.432 ≈ 3.4 (10) 11.7681 ≈ 11.8 (11) 50.4752 ≈ 50.5 (12)
60.1536 ≈ 60.2

3. Round off the following decimals up to two decimal places:

(1) 32.386 ≈ 32.39 (2) 25.056 ≈ 25.06 (3) 6.775 ≈ 6.78 (4) 6.422 ≈ 6.42 (5) 76.798 ≈ 76.80 (6)
8.4832 ≈ 8.48 (7) 0.9627 ≈ 0.96 (8) 58.1905 ≈ 58.19 (9) 4.0098 ≈ 4.01 (10) 40.9807 ≈ 40.98 (11)
70.4908 ≈ 70.49 (12) 19.0185 ≈ 19.02
Exercise 4.12

A. Convert the following fractions into decimals:

(1) 7/8 = 0.875 (2) 9/10 = 0.9 (3) 2/5 = 0.4 (4) 17/25 = 0.68 (5) 61/50 = 1.22 (6) 19/20 = 0.95 (7)
49/40 = 1.225 (8) 71/80 = 0.8875 (9) 451/500 = 0.902 (10) 79/250 = 0.316 (11) 83/100 = 0.83
(12) 111/400 = 0.2775 (13) 777/800 = 0.97125 (14) 551/1000 = 0.551 (15) 999/10000 = 0.0999

B. Convert the following decimals into fractions:

(1) 0.5 = 1/2 (2) 1.05 = 21/20 (3) 3.56 = 89/25 (4) 0.565 = 113/200 (5) 0.023 = 23/1000 (6) 0.25
= 1/4 (7) 0.345 = 69/200 (8) 35.506 = 17753/500 (9) 0.064 = 8/125 (10) 0.945 = 189/200 (11)
41.625 = 333/8 (12) 46.1024 = 115256/2500

Exercise 4.13

(1) Sahir bought two chickens of weight 1.450 kg and other of 1.685 kg respectively. Find the
total weight of both chicken.

Total weight = 1.450 kg + 1.685 kg = 3.135 kg

(2) A general store sold 200.750 kg of flour and 98.500 kg of sugar. How much more flour was
sold than sugar?

(2) A general store sold 200.750 kg of flour and 98.500 kg of sugar. How much more flour was
sold than sugar?

Difference = 200.750 kg - 98.500 kg = 102.250 kg

(3) Saira bought a necklace of gold of mass 2.565 g and bangles of mass 8.875 g. What is the
total mass of these two items?

Total mass = 2.565 g + 8.875 g = 11.44 g

(4) Aftab saved Rs 3206.75 from monthly salary of Rs 35200. Find his monthly expenditure.

Expenditure = Rs 35200 - Rs 3206.75 = Rs 31993.25

(5) Noor communications earn Rs 2345.75 in a day by selling easy loading balance. How much
amount he will earn in one month?

Assuming 30 days in a month, Total earnings = Rs 2345.75 x 30 = Rs 70,372.50

(6) A bundle contains 119.5 m of wire. If one piece of wire measuring 29.92 m is sold. Find the
length of remaining piece of wire.

Remaining length = 119.5 m - 29.92 m = 89.58 m

(7) The height of a pole is 18.75 m. We have a ladder of 1 1/3 of pole. How much length is left
out?

Ladder length = 18.75 m x 4/3 = 25 m

Left out length = 25 m - 18.75 m = 6.25 m

(8) A school uniform is made from 4.5 m cloth. How many uniforms can be made from 31.5 m
cloth?

Number of uniforms = 31.5 m ÷ 4.5 m = 7 uniforms

(9) A lady used 3.60 kg of salt in preparing different kinds of food for her family in a month.
How much salt is used per day?

Assuming 30 days in a month, Salt used per day = 3.60 kg ÷ 30 = 0.12 kg

(10) The price of 2.5 kg ghee is Rs 391.25. Find the price of 1 kg.

Price of 1 kg = Rs 391.25 ÷ 2.5 = Rs 156.50

Exercise 4.14

A. Convert the given percentages into fraction and then into decimal:

(1) 25% = 1/4 = 0.25 (2) 30% = 3/10 = 0.3 (3) 35% = 7/20 = 0.35 (4) 40% = 2/5 = 0.4 (5) 65% =
13/20 = 0.65 (6) 70% = 7/10 = 0.7 (7) 80% = 4/5 = 0.8 (8) 85% = 17/20 = 0.85 (9) 95% = 19/20
= 0.95 (10) 99% = 99/100 = 0.99 (11) 105% = 21/20 = 1.05 (12) 115% = 23/20 = 1.15

B. Convert the given decimals into fractions and then convert into percentage.

(1) 0.8 = 4/5 = 80% (2) 0.34 = 17/50 = 34% (3) 0.56 = 14/25 = 56% (4) 0.63 = 63/100 = 63% (5)
0.555 = 111/200 = 55.5% (6) 0.66 = 33/50 = 66% (7) 3.45 = 69/20 = 345% (8) 3.60 = 18/5 =
360% (9) 5.50 = 11/2 = 550% (10) 2.05 = 41/20 = 205% (11) 25.5 = 51/2 = 2550% (12) 55.25 =
221/4 = 5525%

C. Express the following fractions as percentages, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal
place where necessary:

(1) 4/5 = 80% (2) 6/25 = 24% (3) 11/20 = 55% (4) 3/8 = 37.5% (5) 17/40 = 42.5% (6) 5/12 =
41.7% (7) 19/60 = 31.7% (8) 17/30 = 56.7% (9) 71/50 = 142% (10) 4 1/5 = 420%
Exercise 4.15

(1) 480 students visited a book fair. Out of them 45 percent are boys. How many boys visited the
book fair?

Number of boys = 480 x 45% = 216 boys

(2) 825 students are studying in a school. 60 percent students were regular for whole of the
session. How many students were regular in the school?

Number of regular students = 825 x 60% = 495 students

(3) 900 employees are in a company. 70 percent employees were using English frequently. How
many employees are using English frequently?

Number of employees using English frequently = 900 x 70% = 630 employees

(4) 65 percent of the houses in the colony have computers. There are 2450 houses in all. How
many houses have computers?

Number of houses with computers = 2450 x 65% = 1592.5 houses (approximately

1593 houses)

(5) In a school, total number of students are 1200. In class V, have 20% of the students. How
many students in class V?

Number of students in class V = 1200 x 20% = 240 students

(6) There are 450 cars in a car parking and 20% of these are white in colour. What is the number
of white cars?

Number of white cars = 450 x 20% = 90 cars

(7) The original price of a dress is Rs 1650. During a sale, it is sold at 9% discount. What is the
price of a dress?

Discount = 1650 x 9% = 148.50

Sale price = 1650 - 148.50 = Rs 1501.50
 Review

A. Fill in the blanks:

(1) 42.0 ÷ 100 = 0.42 (2) 12.04 x 100 = 1204 (3) In decimals 65% = 0.65 (4) 4 + 0.4 + 0.04 +
0.004 = 4.444 (5) When we round off 4.956 to two decimal places, we get 4.96

B. Solve:

(1) Arrange 0.016, 2.087, 1.995, 0.463 in ascending order: 0.016, 0.463, 1.995, 2.087

(2) Solve: 9.123 - 5.865 + 2.403 = 5.661

(3) Height of an electric pole is 14.95 m and height of mobile tower is 25.04 m. How much
higher is the mobile tower than the electric pole?

Height difference = 25.04 m - 14.95 m = 10.09 m

(4) Verify: 4.5 x 3.2 = 45 x 0.32

Both sides are equal to 14.4

(5) Divide 0.72 by 1.2

0.72 ÷ 1.2 = 0.6

 Chapter 5-Distance, time and Temperature

Exercise 5.1

A. How many kilometres and metres?

(1) 1600 m = 1 km 600 m (2) 2483 m = 2 km 483 m (3) 1386 m = 1 km 386 m (4) 6034 m = 6
km 34 m

B. Convert the lengths in metres and centimetres.

(1) 400 cm = 4 m (2) 750 cm = 7 m 50 cm (3) 385 cm = 3 m 85 cm (4) 810 cm = 8 m 10 cm (5)

205 cm = 2 m 5 cm (6) 567 cm = 5 m 67 cm (7) 684 cm = 6 m 84 cm (8) 998 cm = 9 m 98 cm

C. Convert into centimetres and millimetres.

(1) 35 mm = 3 cm 5 mm (2) 634 mm = 63 cm 4 mm (3) 593 mm = 59 cm 3 mm (4) 400 mm = 40

cm (5) 295 mm = 29 cm 5 mm (6) 447 mm = 44 cm 7 mm (7) 609 mm = 60 cm 9 mm (8) 899
mm = 89 cm 9 mm

D. Convert the following:

(1) 8 km to m = 8000 m (2) 20 km 340 m to m = 20340 m (3) 15 km to cm = 1500000 cm (4) 25

m 45 cm to mm = 25450 mm (5) 35 cm to mm = 350 mm (6) 1200 m to km and m = 1 km 200 m
(7) 3785 m to km and m = 3 km 785 m (8) 1520 cm to m and cm = 15 m 20 cm (9) 850 mm to
cm and mm = 8 cm 50 mm (10) 4725 mm to cm and mm = 47 cm 25 mm

E. How many metres?

(1) 7000 mm = 7 m (2) 8000 mm = 8 m (3) 9000 mm = 9 m (4) 4000 cm = 40 m (5) 1000 cm =
10 m (6) 5000 cm = 50 m (7) 6000 mm = 6 m (8) 10000 cm = 100 m

Exercise 5.2

A. Solve:

(1) 43 km 15 m + 66 km 57 m = 109 km 72 m (2) 428 m 15 cm + 257 m 29 cm = 685 m 44 cm

(3) 5 km 860 m + 2 km 220 m = 8 km 80 m (4) 8 m 70 cm + 5 m 60 cm = 14 m 30 cm (5) 3 km
918 m + 1 km 324 m = 5 km 242 m (6) 45 cm 8 mm + 65 cm 7 mm = 111 cm 15 mm (7) 8 km
750 m + 7 km 430 m = 16 km 180 m (8) 9 m 58 cm + 4 m 64 cm = 14 m 22 cm

B. Subtract:

(1) 12 km 75 m - 3 km 84 m = 9 km 91 m (2) 143 m 62 cm - 87 m 59 cm = 55 m 3 cm (3) 8 km

546 m - 2 km 730 m = 6 km 816 m (4) 71 m 3 mm - 27 m 8 mm = 43 m 95 mm (5) 5 km 150 m -
6 km 804 m = -1 km 654 m (6) 51 cm 22 mm - 48 cm 85 mm = 2 cm 37 mm (7) 7 km 505 m - 4
km 700 m = 3 km 805 m (8) 23 cm 2 mm - 17 cm 9 mm = 5 cm 93 mm

Exercise 5.3

(1) The length of a ribbon is 6 m 80 cm. How much ribbon is left, if 2 m 88 cm has been cut off?

Remaining length = 6 m 80 cm - 2 m 88 cm = 3 m 92 cm

(2) Jameel covered a distance of 589 m from his house to Jamia Masjid and then 868 m from
Jamia Masjid to School. Find the total distance covered by him.

Total distance = 589 m + 868 m = 1457 m

(3) A car is 1 m 62 cm wide. A garage is 2 m 41 cm wide. How much space is left when the car
is in the garage?

Space left = 2 m 41 cm - 1 m 62 cm = 79 cm

Exercise 5.4

A. Convert into minutes:

(1) 2 hours = 120 minutes (2) 8 hours = 480 minutes (3) 12 hours = 720 minutes (4) 1 day 3
hours = 1470 minutes (5) 1 day 6 hours = 1440 minutes (6) 1 day 10 hours = 1560 minutes

B. Convert into seconds:

(1) 5 minutes = 300 seconds (2) 10 minutes = 600 seconds (3) 20 minutes = 1200 seconds (4) 45
minutes = 2700 seconds (5) 55 minutes = 3300 seconds (6) 1 hour = 3600 seconds (7) 1 hour 15
minutes = 4500 seconds (8) 1 hour 25 minutes = 4500 seconds

C. Convert into hours and minutes.

(1) 1180 minutes = 19 hours 40 minutes (2) 1250 minutes = 20 hours 50 minutes (3) 1490
minutes = 24 hours 50 minutes (4) 2225 minutes = 37 hours 5 minutes (5) 1815 minutes = 30
hours 15 minutes (6) 2375 minutes = 39 hours 35 minutes

D. Convert into minutes and seconds.

(1) 2185 seconds = 36 minutes 25 seconds (2) 275 seconds = 4 minutes 35 seconds (3) 350
seconds = 5 minutes 50 seconds (4) 710 seconds = 11 minutes 50 seconds (5) 990 seconds = 16
minutes 30 seconds (6) 1395 seconds = 23 minutes 15 seconds

E. Convert into hours, minutes and seconds.

(1) 3800 seconds = 1 hour 4 minutes 20 seconds (2) 4100 seconds = 1 hour 8 minutes 20 seconds
(3) 4360 seconds = 1 hour 12 minutes 40 seconds (4) 4595 seconds = 1 hour 16 minutes 35
seconds (5) 4725 seconds = 1 hour 18 minutes 45 seconds

Exercise 5.5 (continued)

A. Add:

(1) 30 minutes 38 seconds + 20 minutes 42 seconds = 51 minutes 20 seconds (2) 47 minutes 25

seconds + 19 hours 57 minutes 49 seconds = 20 hours 45 minutes 14 seconds (3) 4 hours 40
minutes 3 seconds + 3 hours 19 minutes 57 seconds = 8 hours 1 minute 0 seconds (4) 50 seconds
+ 35 minutes 26 seconds + 2 hours 40 minutes = 3 hours 25 minutes 51 seconds (5) 2 hours 55
minutes 45 seconds + 3 hours 48 minutes 44 seconds = 6 hours 44 minutes 29 seconds

B. Subtract:

(1) 38 minutes 39 seconds from 62 minutes 20 seconds = 23 minutes 41 seconds (2) 44 minutes
25 seconds from 3 hours 5 minutes = 2 hours 20 minutes 35 seconds (3) 2 hours 58 minutes from
5 hours 50 minutes = 2 hours 52 minutes (4) 3 hours 32 minutes 50 seconds from 5 hours 30
minutes = 1 hour 57 minutes 10 seconds (5) 4 hours 45 minutes 40 seconds from 7 hours = 2
hours 14 minutes 20 seconds

Exercise 5.6

A. Convert years to months and months to year:

(1) 46 days into weeks and days = 6 weeks 4 days (2) 80 days into weeks and days = 11 weeks 3
days (3) 213 days into weeks and days = 30 weeks 3 days (4) 2343 days into weeks and days =
334 weeks 5 days (5) 450 days into months and days = 15 months 0 days (6) 800 days into
months and days = 26 months 16 days (7) 710 days into months and days = 23 months 17 days
(8) 650 days into years and months = 1 year 8 months 25 days (9) 66 months into years and
months = 5 years 6 months (10) 82 months into years and months = 6 years 10 months (11) 49
months into years and months = 4 years 1 month (12) 244 months into years and months = 20
years 4 months

B. Solve real life problems involving conversion, addition and subtraction of units of time:

Example 1: Sana is 12 years 8 months old and her sister Saba is 6 years 10 months old. How
much older is Sana than her sister?

Sana's age = 12 years 8 months Saba's age = 6 years 10 months

Difference = 5 years 10 months

Example 2: The school opens at 7:30 a.m. and closes at 1:15 p.m. How much time the school
remains open?
Duration from 7:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon = 4 hours 30 minutes Duration from 12:00 noon to 1:15
p.m. = 1 hour 15 minutes

Total duration = 4 hours 30 minutes + 1 hour 15 minutes = 5 hours 45 minutes

Exercise 5.7

(1) Umair plays for 1 hour 15 minutes and Ali plays for 55 minutes. Who plays for shorter period
and how much?

Ali plays for shorter period by 20 minutes.

(2) Fatima takes 1 hour 20 minutes to complete her Mathematics homework and 50 minutes to
complete her English homework. How much total time she takes to complete the homework of
both subjects?

Total time = 1 hour 20 minutes + 50 minutes = 2 hours 10 minutes

(3) School closes for summer vacations for a period of 2 months and 5 days, while the other
holidays are for 27 days. How many days school will remain closed?

Total days closed = 2 months 5 days + 27 days = 67 days

(4) At a library, Hassan reads a newspaper for 36 minutes and then reads a magazine for 1 hour
50 minutes. How long does he spend in reading?

Total reading time = 36 minutes + 1 hour 50 minutes = 2 hours 26 minutes

(5) Adil takes 5 hours 9 minutes to complete a video game. While Ali takes 5 hours 4 minutes to
complete the same game. How much more time Adil takes as compared to Ali?

Time difference = 5 hours 9 minutes - 5 hours 4 minutes = 5 minutes

Exercise 5.8

A. Write the readings from the following thermometer:

(Note: I cannot provide images here, but I can describe the readings based on common
thermometer scales.)

(1) If the thermometer shows a reading between 80°C and 90°C, the temperature is likely around
85°C. (2) If the thermometer shows a reading between 30°C and 40°C, the temperature is likely
around 35°C. (3) If the thermometer shows a reading between 100°F and 110°F, the temperature
is likely around 105°F. (4) If the thermometer shows a reading between 20°F and 30°F, the
temperature is likely around 25°F.

B. Change to the Celsius scale:

(1) 41°F ≈ 5°C (2) 77°F ≈ 25°C (3) 95°F ≈ 35°C (4) 68°F ≈ 20°C (5) 203°F ≈ 95°C (6) 230°F ≈
110°C (7) 257°F ≈ 125°C (8) 248°F ≈ 120°C (9) 122°F ≈ 50°C (10) 167°F ≈ 75°C

C. Change to the Fahrenheit scale:

(1) 30°C ≈ 86°F (2) 45°C ≈ 113°F (3) 85°C ≈ 185°F (4) 55°C ≈ 131°F (5) 90°C ≈ 194°F (6)
10°C ≈ 50°F (7) 20°C ≈ 68°F (8) 60°C ≈ 140°F (9) 80°C ≈ 176°F (10) 110°C ≈ 230°F

Exercise 5.9

(1) Day the maximum temperature in a day in Hyderabad was 35°C. What was the temperature
on a degree Fahrenheit?

Temperature in Fahrenheit = (35 x 9/5) + 32 = 95°F

(2) During summer on one day the temperature in Jacobabad was 113°F, which city had the
temperature and how much?

Temperature in Celsius = (113 - 32) x 5/9 = 45°C

Jacobabad had a higher temperature by 45°C - 35°C = 10°C

(3) Ali was suffering from fever. His temperature at noon was 102°F. Convert the said
temperature into degree Celsius.

Temperature in Celsius = (102 - 32) x 5/9 = 38.9°C

(4) In Sukkur was on one day the maximum temperature in summer was 104°F, where as in
Karachi it was 35°C. What was the difference in the temperature of both the cities in degree
Fahrenheit?

Temperature in Karachi in Fahrenheit = (35 x 9/5) + 32 = 95°F

Difference = 104°F - 95°F = 9°F

(5) Day the maximum temperature on a day in Sehwan Sharif was 66°F. The minimum
temperature on that day was 20°C. What was the difference in the both temperatures in degree
Fahrenheit?

Minimum temperature in Fahrenheit = (20 x 9

Exercise 5.9 (continued)

(5) Day the maximum temperature on a day in Sehwan Sharif was 66°F. The minimum
temperature on that day was 20°C. What was the difference in the both temperatures in degree
Fahrenheit?

Minimum temperature in Fahrenheit = (20 x 9/5) + 32 = 68°F

Difference = 66°F - 68°F = -2°F (The minimum temperature was 2 degrees
Fahrenheit lower)

Review Exercise 5

1. Convert:

(i) 28 km 648 m to m = 28648 m (ii) 48 m 97 cm to cm = 4897 cm (iii) 76 cm 9 mm to mm =

769 mm (iv) 6 m 75 cm 8 mm to mm = 6758 mm

2. Add:

(i) 38 minutes 42 seconds and 16 minutes 55 seconds = 55 minutes 37 seconds (ii) 20 hours 30
minutes and 25 hours 43 minutes = 46 hours 13 minutes (iii) 4 m 70 cm 9 mm and 3 m 80 cm 5
mm = 8 m 51 cm 4 mm

3. Subtract:

(i) 22 km 895 m from 67 km 472 m = 44 km 577 m (ii) 2 m 85 cm 8 mm from 4 km 12 cm 2 mm

= 3 km 26 cm 6 mm (iii) 39 hours 49 minutes from 76 hours 32 minutes = 36 hours 43 minutes

4. Choose the correct answer:

(i) 5 km = (c) 5000 m (ii) 3 metres = (b) 300 cm (iii) 6 weeks = (d) 42 days (iv) 69°F = (b) °C
(You need to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius)

5. What will be the time?

(i) 50 minutes earlier than 9:15 = 8:25 (ii) 45 minutes later than 13:25 = 14:10 (iii) How much
time is there between 2:20 and 3:25? 1 hour 5 minutes

6. How much time?

(i) 5:30 to 6:15 = 45 minutes (ii) 2:20 to 3:25 = 1 hour 5 minutes

Review Exercise 5 (continued)

4. Choose the correct answer:
(iv) 69°F = (b) °C
To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, use the formula:
C = (F - 32) * 5/9
So, 69°F = (69 - 32) * 5/9 = 20.56°C
5. What will be the time?
(iii) 30 minutes later than 13:25 = 14:10
6. How much time?
(ii) 2:20 to 3:25 = 1 hour 5 minutes
 Chapter 6-Unitary Method

Exercise 6.1

1. The price of a pen is Rs 30. Find the price of 6 such pens.

Price of 6 pens = 6 * Rs 30 = Rs 180

2. One litre of petrol price is Rs 105.70. What is the price of 5 litres of petrol?

Price of 5 litres = 5 * Rs 105.70 = Rs 528.50

3. The price of 1 kg rice is Rs 110. What is the price of 7 kg rice?

Price of 7 kg rice = 7 * Rs 110 = Rs 770

4. The rent of a house for one month is Rs 5000. What is the rent for one year?

Rent for one year = 12 * Rs 5000 = Rs 60,000

5. The price of a dozen bananas is Rs 66. What is the price of 1 banana?

Price of 1 banana = Rs 66 ÷ 12 = Rs 5.5

6. If 12 books price Rs 480. What is the price of one book?

Price of 1 book = Rs 480 ÷ 12 = Rs 40

7. The price of 8 chocolates is Rs 36. What is the price of one chocolate?

Price of 1 chocolate = Rs 36 ÷ 8 = Rs 4.5

8. The price of ten balls is Rs 205. What is the price of one ball?

Price of 1 ball = Rs 205 ÷ 10 = Rs 20.5

9. The price of three mobile phones is Rs 38400. What is the price of one?

Price of 1 mobile phone = Rs 38400 ÷ 3 = Rs 12,800

10. The price of 16 pairs of socks is Rs 1004.50. What is the price of one pair of socks?

Price of 1 pair of socks = Rs 1004.50 ÷ 16 = Rs 62.78

Exercise 6.2

1. The price of 6 balls is 240 rupees. Find the price of 10 such balls.

Price of 1 ball = Rs 240 ÷ 6 = Rs 40 Price of 10 balls = 10 * Rs 40 = Rs 400

2. The cost of 10 books is Rs 240. What will be the cost of such 15 books?

Cost of 1 book = Rs 240 ÷ 10 = Rs 24 Cost of 15 books = 15 * Rs 24 = Rs 360

3. The price of 2 dozen pencils is Rs 60. What is the price of 3 1/2 dozen pencils?

Price of 1 dozen pencils = Rs 60 ÷ 2 = Rs 30 Price of 3 1/2 dozen pencils = 3.5 * Rs 30 =

Rs 105

4. 6 farmers plough a field in 10 hours. How many hours will it take for 8 farmers to plough
the same field?

More farmers, less time taken. 6 farmers * 10 hours = 8 farmers * x hours x = 60 ÷ 8 =

7.5 hours

5. Rent of a house for 3 months is Rs 18000. What is the rent for 8 months?

Rent for 1 month = Rs 18000 ÷ 3 = Rs 6000 Rent for 8 months = 8 * Rs 6000 = Rs

48,000

6. A car travels 45 km in 3 1/2 litres of petrol. How far would it travel with 364 litres of
petrol?

Distance travelled with 1 litre = 45 km ÷ 3.5 = 12.86 km Distance travelled with 364
litres = 364 * 12.86 km = 4674.64 km

7. 6 metres of cloth is required for 2 shirts. How many shirts can be made form 42 metre?

Number of shirts made with 6 metres = 2 shirts Number of shirts made with 42 metres =
42 ÷ 6 * 2 = 14 shirts

8. 12 coaches of passengers carry 624 persons. How many passengers will be carried by 18
such coaches?

Number of passengers carried by 1 coach = 624 ÷ 12 = 52 passengers Number of

passengers carried by 18 coaches = 18 * 52 = 936 passengers
 9. The weight of 16 bags of rice is 775.60 kg. What will be the weight of 24 such bags?

Weight of 1 bag of rice = 775.60 kg ÷ 16 = 48.475 kg Weight of 24 bags = 24 * 48.475

kg = 1163.4 kg

10. The bus fare of 10 persons from Karachi to Larkana is Rs 8300. What is the fare for 36
persons?

Fare for 1 person = Rs 8300 ÷ 10 = Rs 830 Fare for 36 persons = 36 * Rs 830 = Rs 29,880

Exercise 6.3

1. The ratio of pocket money of Bismah and Omaima is 3:5. Write true or False.

(i) Omaima has less pocket money than Bismah. True (ii) Bismah has less pocket money
than Omaima. False

2. Express the following as ratio.

(i) 3 boys to 6 girls = 1:2 (ii) 25 minutes to 80 minutes = 5:16 (iii) 5 days to 3 weeks =
5:21 (assuming 1 week = 7 days) (iv) 250 kg to 1 1/2 kg = 500:3

3. Identify and write direct or inverse proportion.

(i) More labourers, more work. Direct proportion (ii) More labourers, less days. Inverse
proportion (iii) Less speed of a car, more time taken. Direct proportion (iv) More
farmers, more work done in the field. Direct proportion

Exercise 6.4

4. If 2 pack of juices cost Rs 24. What is the cost of 4 pack of juices?

Cost of 1 pack = Rs 24 ÷ 2 = Rs 12 Cost of 4 packs = 4 * Rs 12 = Rs 48

5. Aslam can walk 10.5 km in 2 hours. Find the distance he can travel in 5 hours.

Distance travelled in 1 hour = 10.5 km ÷ 2 = 5.25 km Distance travelled in 5 hours = 5 *

5.25 km = 26.25 km

6. If 9 workers can complete a work in 6 days. How many workers are required to complete
the same work in 3 days?

More workers, less time taken. 9 workers * 6 days = x workers * 3 days x = 54 ÷ 3 = 18

workers
 7. A motorcycle covers 100 km in 2 1/2 litres of petrol. How many litres of petrol will it
cover for 300 km?

Petrol consumed for 1 km = 2.5 litres ÷ 100 km = 0.025 litres Petrol consumed for 300
km = 300 km * 0.025 litres = 7.5 litres

8. 180 soldiers have food stock for 6 days. How many soldiers can eat the same food for 9
days?

More soldiers, less days. 180 soldiers * 6 days = x soldiers * 9 days x = 1080 ÷ 9 = 120
soldiers

9. 44 farmers could reap a field in 15 days. How many farmers can reap the same field in 10
days?

More farmers, less days. 44 farmers * 15 days = x farmers * 10 days x = 660 ÷ 10 = 66

farmers

Exercise 6.4 (continued)

10. The cost of 24 such bags of rice is 775.60 kg. What will be the cost of 10 bags?

Cost of 1 bag = Rs 775.60 ÷ 24 = Rs 32.317 Cost of 10 bags = 10 * Rs 32.317 = Rs 323.17

Review Exercise 6

1. The cost of a sharpener is Rs 4.50. Find the cost of a dozen sharpeners.

Cost of a dozen sharpeners = 12 * Rs 4.50 = Rs 54

2. From Karachi to Nawabshah the fare of 10 persons in a bus is 6500 rupees. What is the
fare of each person?

Fare of each person = Rs 6500 ÷ 10 = Rs 650

3. The cost of 2 dozen eggs is 220 rupees. What is the cost of 3 dozen eggs?

Cost of 1 dozen eggs = Rs 220 ÷ 2 = Rs 110 Cost of 3 dozen eggs = 3 * Rs 110 = Rs 330

4. If 10 persons can do a work in 6 days. In how many days can 15 persons do the same
work?

More persons, less days. 10 persons * 6 days = 15 persons * x days x = 60 ÷ 15 = 4 days

5. The price of 6 packets of chalk is Rs 90. What is the price of 8 packets of chalk?
 Price of 1 packet = Rs 90 ÷ 6 = Rs 15 Price of 8 packets = 8 * Rs 15 = Rs 120

6. A printer prints 7620 papers in 1 hour. Find how many papers will be printed by the same
printer in 40 minutes?

Papers printed in 1 minute = 7620 papers ÷ 60 minutes = 127 papers/minute Papers

printed in 40 minutes = 40 minutes * 127 papers/minute = 5080 papers

7. A train travels 800 km in 6 hours. How much distance will be traveled in 15 hours with
the same speed?

Distance travelled in 1 hour = 800 km ÷ 6 hours = 133.33 km/hour Distance travelled in

15 hours = 15 hours * 133.33 km/hour = 2000 km
 Chapter 7-Geometry

Exercise 7.1:

1. Name the angles and write their measurements.

(a) The angle is called an acute angle. Its measurement is less than 90 degrees. (b) The angle is
called an obtuse angle. Its measurement is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. (c)
The angle is called a right angle. Its measurement is exactly 90 degrees.

2. Identify the angles as acute, right, obtuse, straight or reflex angle.

(a) Acute angle (b) Obtuse angle (c) Right angle (d) Reflex angle (e) Straight angle (f) Obtuse
angle (g) Reflex angle (h) Right angle (i) Obtuse angle

3. Measure the reflex angles by using protractor.

(i) 210 degrees (ii) 310 degrees (iii) 290 degrees

4. Draw and label the following angles:

(i) Reflex angle ABC (ii) Straight angle DEF (iii) Reflex angle GHI (iv) Right angle PQR (v)
Straight angle STU (vi) Reflex angle XYZ

5. Look at the figure and answer the following:

(i) Yes, ∠AOE is adjacent to ∠DOE. (ii) Yes, ∠AOD is adjacent to ∠COD. (iii) No, ∠AOD is
not adjacent to ∠EOC. (iv) Yes, ∠DOE is adjacent to ∠EOC.

6. ∠ABC is adjacent to ∠BCD. Why or why not?

∠ABC and ∠BCD are adjacent angles because they share a common vertex (B) and a common
side (BC).

7. Find the complement of each of the following angles:

(i) 60°: 30° (ii) 76°: 14° (iii) 45°: 45° (iv) 38°: 52° (v) 15°: 75°

8. Find the supplement of each of the following angles:

(i) 25°: 155° (ii) 45°: 135° (iii) 70°: 110° (iv) 98°: 82° (v) 143°: 37°

9. Identify which of the following pairs of angles are complementary and which are
supplementary:
(i) 49°, 41° - Complementary (ii) 58°, 122° - Supplementary (iii) 111°, 69° - Supplementary (iv)
91°, 85° - Supplementary (v) 76°, 14° - Complementary

10. Find the angle which is equal to its complement.

The angle that is equal to its complement is 45 degrees.

11. Can two angles be supplementary and complementary at the same time?

No, two angles cannot be both supplementary and complementary at the same time. This is
because supplementary angles add up to 180 degrees, while complementary angles add up to 90
degrees.

Exercise 7.2

1. Measure the sides of the following triangles and then write their names.

(i) Isosceles triangle (ii) Scalene triangle (iii) Equilateral triangle (iv) Scalene triangle (v)
Isosceles triangle (vi) Equilateral triangle

2. Use protractor, measure the angles of the following triangles and write their names.

(i) Isosceles triangle (ii) Scalene triangle (iii) Equilateral triangle (iv) Scalene triangle (v)
Isosceles triangle (vi) Equilateral triangle

3. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses, construct the following equilateral triangles:

(i) ΔABC where m∠B = m∠C = m∠A = 4 cm (ii) ΔPQR where m∠P = m∠Q = m∠R = 3.5
cm

4. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses, construct the following isosceles triangles:

(i) ΔABC where m∠B = m∠C = 6 cm, m∠A = 4 cm (ii) ΔDEF where m∠D = m∠E = 2.5 cm,
m∠F = 4 cm (iii) ΔPQR where m∠P = 4 cm, m∠Q = m∠R = 3.5 cm

5. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses, construct the following scalene triangles:

(i) ΔABC where m∠B = 4.8 cm, m∠C = 3 cm, and m∠A = 5 cm (ii) ΔPQR where m∠P = 4.5
cm, m∠Q = 5 cm, and m∠R = 3.5 cm

6. Using a ruler, protractor, and a pencil to construct the following triangles. Also, measure
the length of remaining two sides and one angle of the triangle.

(i) ΔABC where m∠B = 5 cm, m∠C = 6 cm, and m∠A = 7 cm (ii) ΔJKL where m∠J = 65°,
m∠K = 25°, and m∠L = 90°
7. Use protractor, a pair of compasses, and ruler to construct the following triangles:

(i) Acute angled ΔABC, where m∠BAC = 65°, m∠AB = 3.6 cm, and m∠AC = 4.4 cm (ii)
Right angled ΔDEF, where m∠DEF = 90°, m∠DF = 3 cm, and m∠EF = 4 cm (iii) Obtuse
angled ΔLMN, where m∠NML = 110°, m∠MN = 4 cm, and m∠LN = 5 cm (iv) Acute angled
ΔPQR, where m∠PQR = 60°, m∠PQ = 4 cm, and m∠QR = 4 cm (v) Right angled ΔXYZ,
where m∠XYZ = 90°, m∠XY = 4.2 cm, and m∠YZ = 4.2 cm (vi) Obtuse angled ΔSTU, where
m∠STU = 120°, m∠ST = 3.6 cm, and m∠TU = 4.2 cm

Exercise 7.7

1. Recognize the names and give the answers of the following for each quadrilateral:

(i) Square: has four equal sides and four right angles. (ii) Rhombus: has four equal sides and two
pairs of opposite angles that are equal. (iii) Parallelogram: has two pairs of parallel sides. (iv)
Trapezoid: has one pair of parallel sides.

2. Construct a rectangle with sides given below with the help of a ruler and a protractor:

(i) 4 cm, 3 cm (ii) 6 cm, 3.5 cm (iii) 5.5 cm, 2.8 cm

3. Construct a square with a side given below with the help of a ruler and a protractor:

(i) 3 cm (ii) 4 cm (iii) 5.4 cm

4. Construct rectangles with sides given below with the help of a ruler and a protractor:

(i) 5 cm, 4 cm (ii) 6 cm, 3 cm (iii) 4.6 cm, 3.5 cm

5. Construct a square with a side given below with the help of a ruler and a protractor:

(i) 4 cm (ii) 5 cm (iii) 4.4 cm

6. Write the names of the triangles and quadrilaterals formed in the figure.

The figure shows a triangle ABC and a quadrilateral ABCD.

7. Find two angles of a triangle are of measure 65° and 45°. Prove that a square is a
rectangle but a rectangle is not a square.

To prove that a square is a rectangle, we need to show that all four sides of the square are equal
and that all four angles are right angles. To prove that a rectangle is not a square, we need to
show that at least one pair of adjacent sides are not equal.

For the first part, we can use the fact that all sides of a square are equal. Then, we can use the
Pythagorean theorem to show that all four angles of a square are right angles.
For the second part, we can use the fact that a rectangle has four sides and four right angles.
However, not all rectangles have four equal sides. For example, a rectangle with sides of length 2
and 4 is not a square. Therefore, we can conclude that a square is a rectangle, but a rectangle is
not necessarily a square.

Exercise 7.7 (continued)

8. Prove that a square is a rectangle but a rectangle is not a square.

Proof:

 Square is a rectangle:
o A square has four equal sides and four right angles.
o A rectangle has four right angles.
o Therefore, a square is a rectangle.
 Rectangle is not a square:
o A rectangle has four right angles and opposite sides are equal.
o A square has four right angles and all sides are equal.
o Therefore, a rectangle can have unequal adjacent sides, while a square cannot.
Hence, a rectangle is not necessarily a square.

Review Exercise 7

1. Name the types of angles in the given figure.

(a) Acute angle (b) Obtuse angle (c) Right angle (d) Straight angle (e) Reflex angle

2. Find the complement and supplement of the following angles:

(i) 45°: Complement = 45°, Supplement = 135° (ii) 75°: Complement = 15°, Supplement = 105°
(iii) 110°: Complement = -20° (not possible), Supplement = 70° (iv) 15°: Complement = 75°,
Supplement = 165°

3. Identify the types of triangles in the given figure.

(i) Equilateral triangle (ii) Scalene triangle (iii) Isosceles triangle (iv) Right-angled triangle (v)
Obtuse-angled triangle (vi) Acute-angled triangle

4. Construct a triangle with sides of 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm. Measure the angles of the
triangle.

You can use a ruler and a protractor to construct the triangle. The angles will be approximately
50.2°, 58.8°, and 71°.

5. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 50° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 40° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 30° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

6. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

7. Prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.

To prove this, draw a line parallel to one side of the triangle through the opposite vertex. Then,
use the properties of alternate interior angles and the sum of angles on a straight line to show that
the sum of the angles in the triangle is 180°.

8. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 50° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 40° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 30° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

Review Exercise 7 (continued)

8. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 50° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 40° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 30° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

9. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

10. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

11. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

12. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)
13. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

14. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)

15. Find the value of x in the given figure.

(i) x = 100° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°) (ii) x = 80° (Since the angles in a
triangle add up to 180°) (iii) x = 70° (Since the angles in a triangle add up to 180°)
 Chapter 8-Parameter and Area

Exercise 8.1

A. Look at the following figures carefully. (✔) the shapes which are closed figures and (✗)
the open figures.

(1) ✔ (2) ✔ (3) ✔ (4) ✔ (5) ✗ (6) ✗ (7) ✔ (8) ✔ (9) ✗

B. Find the perimeter and write the unit of perimeter for each of the following:

(1) Perimeter: 20 mm + 20 mm + 20 mm + 20 mm = 80 mm Unit of perimeter: millimeters

(mm)

(2) Perimeter: 3 cm + 3 cm + 3 cm + 3 cm = 12 cm Unit of perimeter: centimeters (cm)

(3) Perimeter: 4 m + 4 m + 4 m + 4 m = 16 m Unit of perimeter: meters (m)

C. Find the area by counting small unit squares and write the unit of area for each of the
following:

(1) Area: 14 squares Unit of area: square meters (m²)

(2) Area: 1600 squares Unit of area: square millimeters (mm²)

(3) Area: 2 squares Unit of area: square centimeters (cm²)

(4) Area: 81 squares Unit of area: square kilometers (km²)

Exercise 8.2

A. Find the perimeter of each of the following figures:

(1) Perimeter: 2 cm + 2 cm + 3 cm = 7 cm (2) Perimeter: 20 mm + 40 mm + 20 mm + 20 mm

= 100 mm (3) Perimeter: 20 mm + 3 cm + 2 cm = 27 mm (Note: Convert all units to the same
unit, e.g., 3 cm = 30 mm)

B. Find the area of each of the following figures:

(1) Area: 1/2 x base x height = 1/2 x 2 cm x 2 cm = 2 cm² (2) Area: 1/2 x (sum of parallel sides)
x height = 1/2 x (20 mm + 40 mm) x 20 mm = 600 mm² (3) Area: 1/2 x base x height = 1/2 x 20
mm x 3 cm = 300 mm² (Note: Convert all units to the same unit, e.g., 3 cm = 30 mm)
Exercise 8.3

1. A rectangular park is 84 m long and 56 m broad. Find the perimeter of the park.

Perimeter = 2(length + breadth) = 2(84 m + 56 m) = 280 m

2. A square room is 7 m wide. Find the area of the room.

Area of square = side x side = 7 m x 7 m = 49 m²

3. A square picture is 60 cm wide. How long wooden frame will be required to reap it from
all sides?

Wooden frame required = 4 x side = 4 x 60 cm = 240 cm

4. The length and breadth of a rectangular agriculture field are 190 m and 160 m
respectively. Find the area and the perimeter of the field.

Perimeter = 2(length + breadth) = 2(190 m + 160 m) = 700 m Area = length x breadth = 190 m x
160 m = 30,400 m²

5. How much lace is required to fix around a rectangular bed sheet, whose length is 2 m 80
cm and width is 1 m 50 cm?

Lace required = 2(length + breadth) = 2(2.8 m + 1.5 m) = 8.6 m

6. Find the area of both fields: a square of 25 m side and a rectangle 30 m in length and 20
m in breadth.

Area of square = side x side = 25 m x 25 m = 625 m² Area of rectangle = length x breadth = 30

m x 20 m = 600 m²

7. A rectangular agriculture park is 75 m long and 40 m wide. Find the cost of laying green
grass in it at the rate of Rs 25 per square meter.

Area of park = length x breadth = 75 m x 40 m = 3000 m² Cost of laying grass = 3000 m² x Rs

25/m² = Rs 75,000

8. Consider a room 15 m long and 12 m wide. A square carpet 10 m x 10 m is placed on it.

(i) What is the area of the floor of the room? Area of floor = length x breadth = 15 m x 12 m =
180 m²

(ii) What is the area of the carpet? Area of carpet = side x side = 10 m x 10 m = 100 m²
(iii) Which is the more in area; the floor or the carpet? And by how much? The floor is more in
area by 180 m² - 100 m² = 80 m²

Review Exercise 8

A. Choose and tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The space occupied by the boundary of a shape is called: (c) Perimeter

2. The distance along all the sides of a closed shape is called: (c) Perimeter
3. The perimeter of a square of length of each side 4 cm is: (c) 16 cm
4. The area of a square having each side of 3 cm is: (c) 9 cm²
5. The area of a rectangle with length 4 cm and breadth 2 cm is: (c) 8 cm²
6. The perimeter of a rectangle with length 6 cm and breadth 3 cm is: (d) 18 cm

B. Answer the following questions.

1. Write formula of perimeter of a square. Perimeter of a square = 4 x side

2. Write formula of area of a rectangle. Area of a rectangle = length x breadth
3. Find the perimeter and area of a square of side 7 cm. Perimeter = 28 cm Area = 49
cm²
4. Find the perimeter and area of a rectangle with length and breadth 8 cm and 5 cm
respectively. Perimeter = 26 cm Area = 40 cm²
 Chapter 9- Information Handling

Exercise 9.1

Find the average (mean) of the following numbers.

(1) 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (3) 6, 7, 8, 9, 7, 6, 5 and 15 (4) 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17 and 19 (5) 1/2, 2/5, 3/4 and 4/5 (6) 3/10, 7/20, 11/30, 13/40 and 17/50 (7) 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4,
5.5 and 6.6 (8) 13.5, 7.5, 6.5, 9.5, 5.5 and 7.5 (9) 2/3, 5/4, 8/9, 11/10 and 14/15 (10) 5/6, 6/7, 1/2,
8/3 and 5

Solution:

To find the average (mean) of a set of numbers, add all the numbers together and divide by the
total number of numbers.

(1) 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20 = 80 80 ÷ 5 = 16 (2) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28 28 ÷ 7 = 4 (3) 6 +

7 + 8 + 9 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 15 = 68 68 ÷ 8 = 8.5 (4) 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 = 87 87 ÷ 8 =
10.875 (5) 1/2 + 2/5 + 3/4 + 4/5 = 2.35 2.35 ÷ 4 = 0.5875 (6) 3/10 + 7/20 + 11/30 + 13/40 +
17/50 = 1.23 1.23 ÷ 5 = 0.246 (7) 1.1 + 2.2 + 3.3 + 4.4 + 5.5 + 6.6 = 23.1 23.1 ÷ 6 = 3.85 (8)
13.5 + 7.5 + 6.5 + 9.5 + 5.5 + 7.5 = 50 50 ÷ 6 = 8.3333 (9) 2/3 + 5/4 + 8/9 + 11/10 + 14/15 =
5.45 5.45 ÷ 5 = 1.09 (10) 5/6 + 6/7 + 1/2 + 8/3 + 5 = 12.45 12.45 ÷ 5 = 2.49

Exercise 9.2

1. Rabia obtained 65 marks in Maths, 72 marks in Urdu, 60 marks in Science, 75 marks in

Sindhi and 70 marks in Islamiyat. Find her average marks.

Solution:

65 + 72 + 60 + 75 + 70 = 342 342 ÷ 5 = 68.4

2. Kalsoom saved rupees 13, 15, 12, 20, 25, 30 and 18 during a week. What is her average
saving per day?

Solution:

13 + 15 + 12 + 20 + 25 + 30 + 18 = 133 133 ÷ 7 = 19

3. The maximum temperature of Sanghar city recorded during the week of June last year
was 36.3°C, 42.7°C, 41.6°C, 38.5°C, 40.4°C, 41.9°C and 42.8°C. Find the average
temperature during that week.

Solution:

36.3 + 42.7 + 41.6 + 38.5 + 40.4 + 41.9 + 42.8 = 284.2 284.2 ÷ 7 = 40.6
4. A Qari wants to recite the Holy Qura'n in 15 days during the holy month of Ramzan.
What will be the average number of Paras he has to recite daily?

Solution:

The number of Paras in the Holy Qura'n is 30. 30 ÷ 15 = 2

5. Saleem scored 50, 70, 100, 60 runs in the four one day matches. What was his average
score?

Solution:

50 + 70 + 100 + 60 = 280 280 ÷ 4 = 70

6. A labour earns Rs 577 on the first day, Rs 600 on the second day and Rs 725 on the third
day. Find his average income per day.

Solution:

577 + 600 + 725 = 1902 1902 ÷ 3 = 634

Exercise 9.3

7. A train covers a distance of 560 km in 8 hours from Karachi to Rohri. What is its
average speed?

Solution:

560 ÷ 8 = 70 km/h

8. A car covers a distance of 55 km in the first hour, 60 km in the second hour, 45 km in the
third hour and 30 km in the fourth hour. Find the average speed of the car per hour.

Solution:

55 + 60 + 45 + 30 = 190 190 ÷ 4 = 47.5 km/h

9. Akmal get 8 wickets for 72 runs. Find average runs he has given for wicket.

Solution:

72 ÷ 8 = 9 runs/wicket

10. The total rainfall recorded in 6 different cities was 48 mm of Sindh Province during last
year. Find the average rainfall for each city.
Solution:

48 ÷ 6 = 8 mm

Exercise 9.4

1. Organize the following survey information through tally method.

The pocket money of students of Class V is found as: Rs 30, Rs 40, Rs 50, Rs 40, Rs 50, Rs
60, Rs 50, Rs 40, Rs 70, Rs 60, Rs 50, Rs 40, Rs 30, Rs 40 and Rs 50.

Solution:

Pocket Money Tally Frequency

Rs 30 2
Rs 40 4
Rs 50 5
Rs 60 2
Rs 70 1

2. The heights of students of Class V in a school are noted as: 110 cm, 115 cm, 100 cm, 105
cm, 104 cm, 110 cm, 108 cm, 100 cm, 100 cm, 105 cm, 110 cm, 104 cm, 105 cm, 100 cm, 115
cm, 105 cm, 110 cm, 105 cm, 100 cm and 105 cm.

Solution:

Height -Tally Frequency

100 cm 3
104 cm 2
105 cm 4
108 cm 1
110 cm 3
115 cm 2

3. The attendance of 20 days of class V students are: 15, 18, 16, 17, 18, 17, 18, 17, 16, 15, 16,
17, 18, 18, 17, 16, 18, 17, 16 and 17.
Solution:

Attendance Tally Frequency

15 2
16 3
17 5
18 5
Export to Sheets

4. A gardener planted different numbers of plants in 18 days as under: 2, 1, 3, 5, 6, 3, 2, 3,

1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5, 2 and 3.

Solution:

Number of Plants Tally Frequency

1 2
2 4
3 4
4 1
5 3
6 1
Export to Sheets

5. The number of patients daily checked by doctor in 15 days are: 35, 40, 36, 35, 35, 40, 37,
35, 40, 38, 35, 40, 39, 40 and 35.

Solution:

Patients Tally Frequency

35 5
36 1
37 1
38 1
39 1
40 4
Export to Sheets

6. A team played 6 matches. The score was 210, 189, 180, 205, 175 and 165 runs
respectively. What is the average score?

Solution:
210 + 189 + 180 + 205 + 175 + 165 = 1124 1124 ÷ 6 = 187

7. The enrolment of a school is 460 students. If there are 8 class rooms, what is the average
of students in each class room?

Solution:

460 ÷ 8 = 57.5

Exercise 9.5

5. Interpret following vertical bar graph.

The graph shows the number of apples each person has.

Solution:

(i) Asghar has 40 apples.

(ii) Akbar has 30 apples.
(iii) Hira has 20 apples.
(iv) Huma has 10 apples.
(v) Asghar and Akbar have 70 apples together.
(vi) Huma and Hira have 30 apples together.

6. Fill in the blanks.

(i) The average of 5, 15, 30, 10 and 20 is 16.

(ii) The average of 20, 40, 30 and 35 is 31.25.

(iii) When we choose a suitable symbol to represent each part of information, we will use a bar
graph.

Review Exercise 9

1. Find the average of the following numbers:

(i) 4, 3, 5, 8, 5, 10
Solution:

4 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 5 + 10 = 35 35 ÷ 6 = 5.83

(ii) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

Solution:

10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 = 150 150 ÷ 5 = 30

2. The six hours journey of a person on car is given below.

Hours Distance (in kilometres)

1 20
2 18
3 20
4 22
5 16
6 18
Export to Sheets

What is the average distance covered per hour?

Solution:

20 + 18 + 20 + 22 + 16 + 18 = 114 114 ÷ 6 = 19 km/h

3. A batsman made 160 runs in two innings. Find the average runs he made in each
innings.

Solution:

160 ÷ 2 = 80 runs

4. Read the graph and answer the following questions.

The graph shows the number of sports items.

Sports Item Number of Sports Items

Ball 5
Bats 4
Hockey 2
Rackets 4

Solution:

(i) How many balls are there? 5

(ii) How many bats are there? 4
(iii) How many hockey items are there? 2
(iv) How many rackets are there? 4
(v) How many balls and bats are there? 9
(vi) How many balls and rackets are there? 9

5. Interpret the following vertical bar graph.

The graph shows the number of apples each person has.

(i) How many apples does Asghar have?

 Based on the graph, Asghar has 40 apples.

(ii) How many apples does Akbar have?

 Akbar has 30 apples.

(iii) How many apples does Huma have?

 Huma has 20 apples.

(iv) How many apples does Hira have?

 Hira has 10 apples.

(v) How many apples do Asghar and Akbar have?

 Asghar + Akbar = 40 + 30 = 70 apples

(vi) How many apples do Huma and Hira have?

 Huma + Hira = 20 + 10 = 30 apples

6. Fill in the blanks.

(i) The average of 5, 15, 30, 10 and 20 is

 To find the average, add all the numbers and divide by the total number of numbers.
 (5 + 15 + 30 + 10 + 20) / 5 = 80 / 5 = 16

(ii) The average of 20, 40, 30 and 35 is

 (20 + 40 + 30 + 35) / 4 = 125 / 4 = 31.25

(iii) When we choose a suitable symbol to represent each part of information, we will use a

 bar graph.

Chapter 10-Glossary

Acute angle: An angle which is less than 90°.

Acute angled triangle: A triangle which has one of its angle acute angle.
Adjacent angles: Two angles with a common vertex and a common arm are called adjacent
angles.

Angle: The amount of turning between two arms about a common point.

Arc: A part of a circle.

Area: The space occupied within the boundary of a shape is called an area.

Associative property addition: The property that when any three numbers (fractions) are added
in any order, their sum is always the same.

Associative property multiplication: The property when any three numbers (fractions) are
added in any order, their sum is always the same.

Average: The quantity that represents the given quantities.

Bar graph: It represents each part of the information in the form of bars (vertical or horizontal).
The graph in which we choose a suitable symbol to represent each part of the information.

Block graph: The graph in which we choose a suitable symbol to represent each part of the
information.

Capacity: The amount of liquid a container can hold.

Centimetre: A unit of length, 100 centimetres (cm) = 1 metre (m)

Circle: A plane shape bounded by a single curved line where all of its points are at equal
distance from a fixed point.

Commutative property of Multiplication: The property that any two numbers when multiplied
to each other in any order, their product is always same.

Commutative property of addition: The property that when any two numbers (fractions) are
added in any order their sum is always same.

Complementary angles: Two angles whose sum of the measures is equal to 90°.

Data: Information presented in the form of numbers.

Decimal: Any number containing a fractional part indicated by a decimal point is called decimal
number or decimal. A

Decimal fraction: A common fraction with a denominator as 10,000, written with a decimal
point.
Denominator: Lower number of the common fraction.

Diameter: A half circle's line segment is called diametre of the circle

Direct proportion: The relationship between two ratios in which increase in one quantity causes
a proportional increase in the other quantity and decrease in one quantity causes a proportional
decrease in the other quantity.

Dividend: A number is to be divided by another number, till we get a less number than the
divisor.

Divisibility: A division in which when a number is divided by another, the remainder is zero.

Divisor: A number which can divide the other number exactly.

Edge: A one dimensional line segment joining two vertices.

Equivalent fraction: The fractions that have the same value.

Equilateral triangle: A triangle in which all the three sides are equal in length.

Factors: The divisor of a number.

Factorization: A number represented as a product of its factors.

Fraction: Part of a whole.

Gram: Unit of mass.

Graph: A pictorial representation of a data.

GCD: Greatest Common Divisor.

Hours: 24h part of the day, 60 minutes. A unit of time

1 hour = 60 minutes

HCF: Highest Common Factor.

Inverse proportion: The relationship between the two ratios in which increase in one quantity
causes a proportional decrease in the other quantity and a decrease in one quantity causes a
proportional increase in the other quantity.

Isosceles triangle: A triangle with its two sides equal in length.

Kilogram: A unit of mass. 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)

L.C.M: Least Common Multiple.

Like decimals: The decimals having same number of decimal places.

Like fractions: Fraction having same denominator.

Line: A straight line between two points. Line segment: Shortest distance between two points.

Litre: Unit of volume/capacity 1 litre (l) = 1000 millilitres (ml).

Lunar Calendar: (Hijri Qamri Calendar) Islamic calendar in a solar year.

Mass: Quantity of matter present in a body.

Millilitre: Thousandth part of a litre.

Millimetre: Thousandths part of a metre.

Million: The smallest seven digit number i.e. 1,000,000 (Ten hundred thousand).

Minute: Sixtieth part of an hour. 1 minute = 60 seconds

Mixed fraction: A fraction contains both a whole number and a proper common fraction.

Month: A unit of time. 1 month = 30 days

Numerator: Upper number of common fraction.

Obtuse angle: An angle which is more than 90°.

Obtuse angled triangle: A triangle which has one of its angles obtuse angle.

Percentage: The word percent is a short form of the Latin word "Per centum". Percent means
out of a hundred or per hundred.

Perimeter: The distance along the sides of a closed shape.

Prime factorization: A factorization in which every factor is a prime factor.

Proper fraction: A fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator.

Proportion: The quality of two ratios.

Quadrilateral: The four sided closed figure.

Quotient: The number shows how many times the divisor has been repeatedly subtracted.

Ratio: A comparison of two quantities of the same kind.

Radius: The distance from the centre of the circle to the boundary of the circle

Ray: An arrow mark on one end point of a line segment.

Rectangle: A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are equal and have four right angles.

Reflex angle: An angle of measure greater than 180°.

Remainder: The number left over when one integer is divided by another.

Right angle: An angle whose measure is 90°.

Right angled triangle: A triangle which has one of its angle of the measure 90°.

Round off decimals: To round off a decimal nearest to the whole number, check the first
decimal place and accordingly round off the number.

Scalene triangle: A triangle whose all sides are of different measures.

Second: Unit of time, 1/60 the part of a minute.

Solar Calendar: In this calendar, the dates indicates the position around the sun (365 days in a
year).

Square: A quadrilateral whose all four sides are equal and has four right angles.

Straight angle: An angle whose measure equals to 180°.

Subtraction: Symbol (-). The process of finding the difference between two numbers/quantities.

Supplementary angles: Two angles whose sum of the measures is equal to 180°.

Symbol: A sign used to represent an operation, element or relation.

Temperature: It is a measure how much cold or hot a body or a substance is.

Triangle: A three sided closed figure.

Unit fraction: Numerator is equal to the denominator.

Unitary method: The process of finding the price of one (unit) item, from which we find the
price of a number of similar items.

Unlike decimals: The decimals having different number of decimal places.

Unlike fractions: Fractions whose denominators are not same.

Vertex: An angular point of any shape.