GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDURBAR.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

COURSE & CODE DCN (314318)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Micro-project entitled “CLASSIFICATION OF

COMPUTER NETWORK” being submitted here with for the award of

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY in COMPUTER
ENGINEERING of MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD & TECHNICAL

EDUCATION (MSBTE) is the result of Micro-project work completed by All

Group Members under the supervision and guidance of Mr. [Link]
It is to the best of my knowledge and belief that the work embodied in
this Micro-project has not formed earlier the basis for the award of any degree or
diploma of this or any other Board or examining body.

 Date :

 Place: Nandurbar

Micro-project Guide H.O.D Principal

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 DECLARATION.
I, the undersigned hereby declare that the project entitled “CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPUTER NETWORK” is written and submitted by me to Government Polytechnic
Ambad during Year 2024-25, FOURTH Semester for partial fulfillment of the ‘Micro
Project’ requirement of ‘DCN’ course under Maharashtra State Board of Technical
Education, Mumbai curriculum, under the guidance of Mr. [Link] is my original
work.

The empirical findings in this project are based on the collected data and are not
copied from any other sources.

[Link]. Roll no. Enrollment no. Name of student Sign.

1. 2104 23510280191 OMKAR DINKAR

KHOSE
2. 2105 23510280194 PRATIK NITIN
KHOSE
3. 2103 23510280211 LUCKY PRAVIN
BARI
4. 2114 23510280225 HARSHAL ARJUN
SONAWANE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDURBAR

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COURSE & CODE DCN (314318)
ACADEMIC YEAR- 2026-27
A MICRO-PROJECT ON

“CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER NETWORK”

(COMPUTER ENGINEERING CO-4K)

INDEX

[Link] Title

1. Computer Network

2. PAN

3. LAN

4. CAN

5. MAN

6. WAN

7. Comparison Between Computer Networks

8. Conclusion

What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a system that connects many
independent computers to share information (data) and
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 resources. The integration of computers and other different
devices allows users to communicate more easily. A computer
network is a collection of two or more computer systems that
are linked together. A network connection can be established
using either cable or wireless media. Hardware and software are
used to connect computers and tools in any network.

➢ Uses of Computer Networks

❖ Communicating using email, video, instant messaging,
etc.
❖ Sharing devices such as printers, scanners, etc.
❖ Sharing files.
❖ Sharing software and operating programs on remote
systems.
❖ Allowing network users to easily access and maintain
information.

➢ Types of Computer Networks

There are mainly five types of Computer Networks
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Campus Area Network (CAN)
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
5. Wide Area Network (WAN)

1. Personal Area Network (PAN)

PAN is the most basic type of computer network. It is a type of
network designed to connect devices within a short range,
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typically around one person. It allows your personal devices, like
smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearable’s, to communicate and
share data with each other. PAN offers a network range of 1 to 100
meters from person to device providing communication. Its
transmission speed is very high with very easy maintenance and
very low cost. This uses Bluetooth, IrDA, and Zigbee as
technology. Examples of PAN are USB, computer, phone, tablet,
printer, PDA, etc.

Types of PAN
• Wireless Personal Area Networks: Wireless Personal Area
Networks are created by simply utilizing wireless technologies
such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It is a low-range network.
• Wired Personal Area Network: A wired personal area network
is constructed using a USB.

Advantages of PAN
• PAN is relatively flexible and provides high efficiency for short
network ranges.
• It needs easy setup and relatively low cost.
• It does not require frequent installations and maintenance
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 • It is easy and portable.
• Needs fewer technical skills to use.

Disadvantages of PAN
• Low network coverage area/range.
• Limited to relatively low data rates.
• Devices are not compatible with each other.
• Inbuilt WPAN devices are a little bit costly.

Applications of PAN
• Home and Offices
• Organizations and the Business sector
• Medical and Hospital
• School and College Education
• Military and Defense

2. Local Area Network (LAN)

LAN is the most frequently used network. A LAN is a computer
network that connects computers through a common
communication path, contained within a limited area, that is,
locally. A LAN encompasses two or more computers connected
over a server. The two important technologies involved in this
network are Ethernet and Wi-Fi. It ranges up to 2km &
transmission speed is very high with easy maintenance and low
cost. Examples of LAN are networking in a home, school, library,
laboratory, college, office, etc.

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Advantages of a LAN
• Privacy: LAN is a private network, thus no outside regulatory
body controls it, giving it a privacy.
• High Speed: LAN offers a much higher speed (around 100
mbps) and data transfer rate comparatively to WAN.
• Supports different transmission mediums: LAN support a
variety of communications transmission medium such as an
Ethernet cable (thin cable, thick cable, and twisted pair), fiber
and wireless transmission.
• Inexpensive and Simple: A LAN usually has low cost,
installation, expansion and maintenance and LAN installation is
relatively easy to use, good scalability.

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 Disadvantages of LAN
• The initial setup costs of installing Local Area Networks is high
because there is special software required to make a server.
• Communication devices like an Ethernet cable, switches, hubs,
routers, cables are costly.
• LAN administrator can see and check personal data files as well
as Internet history of each and every LAN user. Hence, the
privacy of the users are violated
• LANs are restricted in size and cover only a limited area
• Since all the data is stored in a single server computer, if it can
be accessed by an unauthorized user, can cause a serious data
security threat.

3. Campus Area Network (CAN)

CAN is bigger than a LAN but smaller than a MAN. This is a type
of computer network that is usually used in places like a school or
colleges. This network covers a limited geographical area that is, it
spreads across several buildings within the campus. CAN mainly
use Ethernet technology with a range from 1km to 5km. Its
transmission speed is very high with a moderate maintenance cost
and moderate cost. Examples of CAN are networks that cover
schools, colleges, buildings, etc.

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Advantages of CAN
• Speed: Communication within a CAN takes place over Local Area
Network (LAN) so data transfer rate between systems is little bit fast
than Internet.
• Security: Network administrators of campus take care of network by
continuous monitoring, tracking and limiting access. To protect network
from unauthorized access firewall is placed between network and
internet.
• Cost effective: With a little effort and maintenance, network works
well by providing fast data transfer rate with multi-departmental
network access. It can be enabled wirelessly, where wiring and cabling
costs can be managed. So to work with in a campus using CAN is cost-
effective in view of performance
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. This is
the type of computer network that connects computers over a
geographical distance through a shared communication path over
a city, town, or metropolitan area. This network mainly uses
FDDI, CDDI, and ATM as the technology with a range from
5km to 50km. Its transmission speed is average. It is difficult to
maintain and it comes with a high cost. Examples of MAN are
networking in towns, cities, a single large city, a large area
within multiple buildings, etc.
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 Advantages of MAN
• MAN offers high-speed connectivity in which the speed ranges
from 10-100 Mbps.
• The security level in MAN is high and strict as compared to
WAN.
• It support to transmit data in both directions concurrently
because of dual bus architecture.
• MAN can serve multiple users at a time with the same
highspeed internet to all the users.
• MAN allows for centralized management and control of the
network, making it easier to monitor and manage network
resources and security.
Disadvantages of MAN
• The architecture of MAN is quite complicated hence, it is hard
to design and maintain.

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• This network is highly expensive because it required the high
cost to set up fiber optics.
• It provides less fault tolerance.
• The Data transfer rate in MAN is low when compare to LANs.

5. Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN is a type of computer network that connects computers over
a large geographical distance through a shared communication
path. It is not restrained to a single location but extends over many
locations. WAN can also be defined as a group of local area
networks that communicate with each other with a range above
50km. Here we use Leased-Line & Dial-up technology. Its
transmission speed is very low and it comes with very high
maintenance and very high cost. The most common example of
WAN is the Internet.
Advantages of WAN
• It covers large geographical area which enhances the reach of
organization to transmit data quickly and cheaply.
• The data can be stored in centralized manner because of remote
access to data provided by WAN.
• The travel charges that are needed to cover the geographical
area of work can be minimized.

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 • WAN enables a user or organization to connect with the world
very easily and allows to exchange data and do business at
global level.
Disadvantages of WAN
• Traffic congestion in Wide Area Network is very high.
• The fault tolerance ability of WAN is very less.
• Noise and error are present in large amount due to multiple
connection point.
• The data transfer rate is slow in comparison to LAN because of
large distances and high number of connected system within the
network.

Other Types of Computer Networks

• Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
• Storage Area Network (SAN)
• System-Area Network (SAN)
• Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)
• Enterprise Private Network (EPN)
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• Home Area Network (HAN)

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 COMPARISON BETWEEN
COMPUTER NETWORKS

Internetwork
An internet network is defined as two or more computer
network LANs, WANs, or computer network segments that are
connected by devices and configured with a local addressing
system. The method is known as internetworking. There are two
types of Internetwork.
• Intranet: An internal network within an organization that
enables employees to share data, collaborate, and access
resources. Intranets are not accessible to the public and use
private IP addresses.
• Extranet: Extranets extend the intranet to authorized
external users, such as business partners or clients. They
provide controlled access to specific resources while
maintaining security.

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 Advantages of Computer Network
• Central Storage of Data: Files are stored on a central
storage database which helps to easily access and available to
everyone.
• Connectivity: A single connection can be routed to connect
multiple computing devices.
• Sharing of Files: Files and data can be easily shared among
multiple devices which helps in easily communicating
among the organization.
• Security through Authorization: Computer Networking
provides additional security and protection of information in
the system.
Disadvantages of Computer Network
• Virus and Malware: A virus is a program that can infect
other programs by modifying them. Viruses and Malware can
corrupt the whole network.
• High Cost of Setup: The initial setup of Computer
Networking is expensive because it consists of a lot of wires
and cables along with the device.
• Loss of Information: In case of a System Failure, might
lead to some loss of data.
• Management of Network: Management of a Network is
somehow complex for a person, it requires training for its
proper use.

Conclusion
In conclusion, computer networks are essential components that
connect various computer devices in order to efficiently share data
and resources. PAN, LAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN networks serve
a wide range of applications and purposes, each with its own set of
advantages and drawbacks. Understanding these networks and
their applications improves connectivity, data exchange, and
resource utilization in a variety of applications from personal use
to global communications.

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References:-
[Link] [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

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