Basic Electrical
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1. For which of the following substance the temperature coefficient of
resistance is positive?
a) Carbon
b) Germanium
c) Cadmium
d) Aluminium
Explanation:
A negative coefficient for a material means that its resistance decreases
with an increase in temperature. Semiconductor materials (carbon, silicon,
and germanium) typically have negative temperature coefficients of
resistance. Aluminium has the positive temperature coefficient of
resistance, and its value is 0.004308 per degree Celsius.
2. The unit of volume resistivity is
a) ohm-m3/m2
b) ohm-m2/m3
c) ohm-gram-m2/gram
d) ohm-m4/m3
Explanation:
Concept of Electrical Resistivity:
The electrical resistivity of particular conductor material is a measure of
how strongly the material opposes the flow of electric current through it.
Its unit is Ωm.
The resistance of a given conductor is given by:
ρ = Resistivity of the conductor
l = length of the conductor
A = Area of the cross-section
Concept of Volume Resistivity:
Volume resistivity is the resistance to leakage current through the body of
insulating material.
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It is the function of surface area and volume, and it is given as,
Where V is the volume in m3
A is an area in m2
From the above equation, a unit of volume resistivity is ohm-m3/m2
3. A coil has a resistance of 14 Ω at 50°C. If the temperature coefficient of
resistance at 0°C is 0.008/°C, the resistance at 0°C is:
a) 18 Ω
b) 10 Ω
c) 9 Ω
d) 18.8 Ω
Explanation:
Concept:
Effect of Temperature on Resistance:
For pure metals, resistance increased with an increase in
temperature, this is called the positive temperature coefficient of
resistance.
For semiconductors and insulators, resistance increased with
decreases in temperature and vice-versa, this is called the negative
temperature coefficient of resistance.
Temperature Coefficient of Resistance:
Let a metallic conductor having resistance R 0 at 0°C be heated at t° C and
resistance become Rt.
Increased in temperature = ΔR = Rt – R0
An increase in Resistance (ΔR) depends on:
Directly proportional its initial resistance.
Directly proportional to the rise in temperature.
On the nature of the material.
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Where α is constant and known as the temperature coefficient of
resistance.
From equation (1)
4. Which of the following is the description of largest size resistor? (given
that the material used in each is same)
a) 100 Ω, 20 Watts
b) 10 Ω, 100 Watts
c) 1 K Ω, 1/2 Watts
d) 1 M Ω, 1/4 Watts
Explanation:
Size of Resistance:
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The size of resistance primarily depends on the wattage rating
because resistance is capable of dissipating two or more times the
calculated power.
5. Calculate the resistance as per the given colour code.
a) 345 × 101 Ω ± 10%
b) 345 Ω
c) 345 × 103 Ω
d) 345 × 10-1 Ω ± 10%
Explanation:
Concept:
The below table shows the colour coding and their respective tolerances
for the calculation of resistance:
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Steps for calculation of resistance:
The last colour to the right represents the tolerance in 5 colour
bands whereas it represents the TCR in 6 band colours.
The second last colour from the left represents the multiplier.
Starting three colours represents the value of resistance.
Calculation:
From the given colour band the silver represents the tolerance (± 10%).
The Brown represents the multiplier (10).
The starting three colours represent the value.
Orange = 3, Yellow = 4, and Green = 5.
Total resistance is:
6.
7.
8.
9.
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10.