Usret

Deaivatnof Daft velscity:’ Deivatn curreut aud dutt velazib

a e
Aot thee ae m elehons, heir
inlhalelou u, ,u,-. Un V
Thejy elatatin imi ae Ti,T-- n
Let the is a wue
lenpn
V=it4T alea tcOetim a The dcft
veloua 4 elecon is .
deugitg fekhons i
elecbms = mal
number o
dveingevelrit, (ay Ma)
Total
The change meeekmy
t 4r)+ 4,t9r)-.(4tQtn)
n

a chage
taken by elcetomto seach
(4t--n)aTo n) tha timi
end to
t =/g4
Canduct
tmi maely
is Called male
Te aveage veloitg
dszft veloay F-E-ed
m

he
we wi|| ae
Jn vetr fom m
6aho daift vel
becuse
4hat he fot ulae vV= Cstant in aael)
mi
Va ev (aplevoelage)
diaetin f diff velrty is
Hhe
Aiectin 4 eicctie
oFþosite 4
freed .
the condu trr is VddV

tho apþlied vtage is V V

then E frCstotapitedvltage.
ev_.
Va= Vdd
 seves 4hen to nd te raho
a=|
daitvelocit we aill se frmlae
Vd = [ becausei ý Custat
nea
The esistence a wae umt
eossetionlaa
and ef wmt

duttdik
Ohmis fous:+ hegistamu does not dafend
t specifie aud size
The cmeut 4lowing toghaose
to the
eu the shabe
Froprtiml Conductr
n tue
effet tepesataa
We rovided tmertne avaphysical matercil wae
Conduiin lenains hame
i dv
Vdl
V=TR ldhee Ris Aegistawetn ooa A meta aud
uilses , ie
When teupesase with
eicetams
tat t collisin due to wlia
Reaishyt, (skeife Registamu) :
heue
9olaxaten tma dereeses ,
m 291shvity wieses

fo 20

nera eustvit
oo 200 400
M
met 4) tomtentsa)
(Bass)
Aemperte
(k)
Cobper (Ceu)
i's Called rstvit Hhe
(frmebal )
frr alloys
(p) tiapesatane
mateae t wui Cmdut , when
h aae seni bmd braaks
P= iaases,Covaleut
uaubey daiyt
uheanes, helesakm.
dawenes
but deminates :
 ual rasisthut, deuease
net. E
tesistuit LJ hee S s

tompeatune ()
Semicndectm (si|Ge)
siln qermanilm

and at velocit bor unit

Msbilai Dut veloit
F omberatus at oc sRo elee frecy i called
ab}le

we s
ihe theu the

uobikt, alo dupuds

when lenhhinoeesto means it
2elaaiutmi. 3t
atne
tmis
n hn awa deueesesto
asVme ealu dohendsen tomnbor
tmis 8ame

tomp cusNAt deniy

t means
Quneut deuly mt
ber cumet Combinuien Resisteme
The cunuet'louing Called
CroSSechmal ) seis combination
m seues
Cowbinmtr
L= nealld e a n me

a
me
Apþled voltaye Ve Vit V,+
V: Lkjtt CRtR3

deuig - i(Rit it R3)

 n harslefCmbination

y
<i) Paraleel Cambinaten

2
R3
kah slstor

Soues Combinatien

Elecica Power’
2

Consumed
Eltical Ereyt
2

Elacbo motue fraeEMEJfeli>

bulb
The aeistame
v' then
f appled volhye The potental diferene Hhe
mew þower engupton plaes t
botween Twrthe cell is ofen
Cell when
p'= he cell.
Called emf
Cmsnptim the cell:
* Total þour Temincl Potental
dileema hatieentioe
in parallel. Thepofentl cell,when the cell
qre Comnecfed blates f the
Cheag,
qets
Termina Potentel
 Parlldd cmbi nahn cells
E

V= E- Cy

x’ inten nal aeyIstane

Sn this Cae both cels ae gething

v= Et r
dis chanage
teiminal fokeutal tst cll
Dualing chayn VA -Ve
= V

kdhen cell is open V=E

and termlnal
t EME 0s Cause
tes minal þotenhal secnd cell.
VA-Ve = V=
Combinatin 4cels
-

nthis Case both cels aegething.

dischage |Ee,= EtE2 A

Keg,

Sn this Case

terminaQ potenal o pialet

e

VA -Vs = V= Eee

cll is
aud secend
=

ducage
chage
Ey, =
his cae

Ee
hep aud
We Cam fnd the value
* To qet maxi mum niowt Whlad stme Bndye
Cesueut the Cele Hhe eytena
L, P
wtennal
eyistaa ust he epual to
eg stave hcell
extena
uutenal
yistenu
gueyistan)(e

whetstone bnage as hesidesbv

The algebsait Sum the ceunreut
sumphe aanpetA four stasas Pe
daporal aud
meeiny ta jumchm is qalwmomdr
Acall alne

balanad.
3- itz is Sard to be
afoite
Thus lausis based Gn
coe tue þolenhal
Same
ane
Cmsvain cheye - Cuud at hout D
incoming cumt outyot YA-Ve = Va- Vo
Atajunchm )

kiycoffa locp laus:

pufeutial i,Q=(-ys
Ihe algebxage sg te
clrsed
dettan
Cnsehn P
Ihes aw is baget n

feremo is dù kho form Pooveby kivcho f's

The botental oi Jaw
tue emf Whe cell aud vottgedap
auss yistame
Convetm - fal in poteutal lre)

+E kooblaw iclsed Lop ACDA

E
cl sed lop CBDC
Constdunj
A
when biucdyis baned ( o)
e-(C-)Rro
 o-(U'-i) s-o

i)s

tnd he Mastama bitween polut Aaud B

* Relatm hetieen wnat deuu
adappledveBage
L= nea Vg
nesd
AN

R oad heistone
Cuueut dawnfm cli=

* gaph frr Gallien -Arse nude:

Ngn Line? Nepative
Reristae

Cwueut

-E-)
The gesstaue e aleminiwm aud
copor f Baue leupa Qud dufeet
which gne
C703s echnal aee is Bme.
Grabh hetweenten mimhotenta ad
load E
l4R are canstaut tesmino v
fotetal

Graph bateen torming

Poteuho ad oed cuwt