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Basic Computer Architecture Unit 2

The document outlines the architecture and operations of the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors, detailing their buses, internal registers, addressing modes, and memory operations. It explains the functions of control signals, multiplexing, and the logical block diagram of the 8086 processor, highlighting its advanced features like segmentation. Additionally, it describes the 8086's ability to access 1MB of memory and improve programming efficiency through memory segmentation.

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10 views3 pages

Basic Computer Architecture Unit 2

The document outlines the architecture and operations of the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors, detailing their buses, internal registers, addressing modes, and memory operations. It explains the functions of control signals, multiplexing, and the logical block diagram of the 8086 processor, highlighting its advanced features like segmentation. Additionally, it describes the 8086's ability to access 1MB of memory and improve programming efficiency through memory segmentation.

Uploaded by

beingmyself558
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Computer Architecture - Unit 2

8085 Microprocessor Architecture and Operations

The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that can perform basic arithmetic and logic operations. It has a 16-bit

address bus and an 8-bit data bus.

It performs operations like fetching, decoding, and executing instructions using its internal architecture.

Address, Data and Control Buses

- Address Bus: Carries the address of memory or I/O devices. It is 16-bit wide, allowing access to 64KB

memory.

- Data Bus: Transfers actual data. It is 8-bit wide.

- Control Bus: Carries control signals like Read, Write, and IO/M to coordinate operations.

Internal Data Operation and Registers

The microprocessor uses internal registers like Accumulator, B, C, D, E, H, L, Stack Pointer (SP), and

Program Counter (PC) to store and process data.

Operations like add, subtract, AND, OR, etc., are performed using these registers.

Externally Initiated Operations

These are signals received from external devices to control the processor:

- HOLD: Request for control of the bus.

- READY: Indicates if a device is ready for data transfer.

- RESET: Resets the processor.

Addressing Modes
Basic Computer Architecture - Unit 2

Defines how the processor accesses data in memory.

- Immediate: Data is given in the instruction.

- Register: Data is in a register.

- Direct: Address is specified.

- Indirect: Address is pointed to by register pair.

Memory and Memory Operations

8085 can access 64KB memory using its 16-bit address bus. Memory operations involve reading from or

writing to memory using control signals.

Flag and Flag Register

The Flag Register contains 5 flags: Sign, Zero, Auxiliary Carry, Parity, and Carry. They are affected based on

the result of operations.

8085 Pin Diagram and Functions

8085 has 40 pins including:

- Address/Data lines (multiplexed)

- Control and status signals

- Power supply and clock signals

Each pin has a specific function in operation and communication.

Multiplexing and De-multiplexing of Address/Data Bus

Pins AD0-AD7 carry both address and data. During the first clock cycle, they carry address; in the next cycle,

they carry data. A latch is used to separate them.


Basic Computer Architecture - Unit 2

Generation of Control Signals

Control signals like RD (Read), WR (Write), and IO/M are used to perform operations. These are generated

internally by the control unit of 8085.

8086 Microprocessor

8086 is a 16-bit processor with a 20-bit address bus that can access 1MB memory. It has advanced features

like pipelining, segmentation, and faster processing.

Logical Block Diagram

It represents major parts like ALU, Control Unit, Registers, Buses, etc., and their connections. Shows how

data flows inside the processor.

Segment Registers

8086 uses 4 segment registers: Code, Data, Stack, and Extra Segment to divide memory into segments,

improving memory access efficiency.

Memory Segmentation

Memory is divided into logical segments of 64KB to simplify access and allow efficient programming. Each

segment is accessed using segment and offset addresses.

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