CHAPTER 4 – COMPLETE AND SPECIFIC REVIEWER
(Purposive Communication)
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1. COMMUNICATION FOR NURSES: WRITING BASIC PATIENT NOTES
Purpose of Patient Notes:
- Records patient’s condition before, during, and after treatment.
- Ensures accurate and organized documentation for the medical team.
- Legal and professional reference for treatment.
Types of Notes:
- Initial Notes: First assessment, baseline health status.
- Interim/Progress Notes: Regular monitoring of changes.
- Discharge Notes: Final summary when the patient is released.
SOAP Format:
S – Subjective: Patient complaints and symptoms.
O – Objective: Observable data, vitals, labs.
A – Assessment: Nurse’s evaluation/diagnosis.
P – Plan: Treatment steps, procedures, recommendations.
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2. COMMUNICATION FOR JOURNALISTS: WRITING A LEAD
Definition:
- The opening paragraph of a news story.
- Must be clear, strong, and engaging.
Types of Leads:
- Question Lead: Begins with a question.
- Quotation Lead: Uses a powerful direct quote.
- Descriptive Lead: Creates a vivid scene.
- Gag/Funny Lead: Uses humor.
- Anecdotal Lead: Short story to introduce news.
Writing Tips:
- Emphasize important details.
- Be concise.
- Use active verbs.
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3. COMMUNICATION FOR TOURISM: TOUR GUIDING
Communication Goals:
- Inform, remind, advise tourists.
- Promote and persuade.
- Clarify information.
- Build rapport.
- Gather feedback.
Tour Guide Tasks:
1. Receiving Telephone Calls
- Answer politely, listen, take notes.
2. Preparing an Itinerary
- Arrange activities, time, and places systematically.
3. Giving Tour Commentary
- Speak clearly, keep it engaging, avoid reading.
Handling Complaints:
- Acknowledge complaint.
- Show empathy.
- Resolve quickly.
- Offer alternatives.
- Follow up.
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4. COMMUNICATION FOR TEACHERS: STORYTELLING
What is a Story?
- Series of events with characters, setting, and problem-solving.
Storytelling in Teaching:
- Uses voice, gestures, movement.
- Helps entertain, educate, and inspire.
Why Storytelling Works:
- Creates excitement.
- Helps understanding.
- Preserves culture.
- Makes lessons relatable.
Challenges:
- Limited time.
- Passive students.
- Teacher preparation.
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5. COMMUNICATION FOR BUSINESS AND TRADE: SWOT ANALYSIS
Definition:
- Tool to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats.
Internal Factors:
- Strengths (competitive advantages)
- Weaknesses (areas to improve)
External Factors:
- Opportunities (growth)
- Threats (risks)
Benefits:
- Helps strategy formation.
- Identifies growth areas.
- Reduces threats.
- Helps personal development.
How to Create SWOT:
- Define objective.
- Identify internal/external factors.
- Analyze results.
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6. WRITING BUSINESS & TECHNICAL REPORTS
Definition:
- Document presenting research, study findings, or analysis.
Types of Reports:
Informal Reports:
- Progress, sales, personnel evaluation, financial, feasibility, literature review, credit report.
Formal Reports:
- Informational, analytical, recommendation, research, case study.
Parts of a Formal Report:
- Title Page
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Methods
- Findings
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
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7. COMMUNICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT: RESUME
Definition:
- Summarizes education, experience, and skills.
Types:
- Chronological
- Functional
- Combination
Key Elements:
- Header
- Summary/Objectives
- Work Experience
- Education
- Skills
Role:
- First impression to employer.
- Communicates professionalism.
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8. APPLICATION LETTER
Purpose:
- Introduce applicant.
- Encourage employer to read the resume.
- Highlight qualifications.
Parts:
- Heading
- Inside Address
- Salutation
- Body (intro, qualifications, closing)
- Signature
Mistakes to Avoid:
- Irrelevant details.
- Overuse of “I”.
- Grammar errors.
- Lack of specificity.
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9. MEMORANDUM (MEMO)
Definition:
- Short formal message for internal communication.
When to Use:
- Announcements, policy changes, confirmations, requests, recommendations.
Characteristics (5 C’s):
- Civilized, Concise, Coherent, Compelling, Correct.
Parts of a Memo:
- Heading (TO, FROM, DATE, SUBJECT)
- Opening (purpose)
- Body (details)
- Closing
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10. MINUTES OF MEETING
Definition:
- Official written record of meeting events, decisions, and actions.
Contents:
- Date/time/venue
- Attendance
- Agenda items
- Discussions
- Decisions/resolutions
- Action items
- Next meeting
- Prepared by (secretary)
Purpose:
- Documentation
- Legal reference
- Transparency
- Accountability
- Continuity in planning