UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Electronic Devices
and Circuits
MODULE 3:
Diode Applications: Rectifiers
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Rectifier
• It is an electrical device that converts alternating current
(AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The
process is known as rectification, since it “straightens”
the direction of current.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Rectification
• Half-Wave Rectification
• In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of
the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked.
• Full-Wave Rectification
• A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform
to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output.
• Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the input
waveform to DC (direct current), and is more efficient.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
AC Signal Values
• Peak Value
• The peak voltage of an alternating current is the maximum or
minimum voltage of a sinusoidal wave.
• Peak-to-Peak Value
• This is the value from positive peak to the negative peak
represented by VPK-PK.
• Instantaneous Value
• It is the value of a sinusoidal wave at any instant of time.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
AC Signal Values
• Average Value (VDC or VAVE)
• It is the arithmetic average of all the values in a sine
wave for one alternation or a half-cycle.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
AC Signal Values
• Root-Mean-Square or Effective Value
• The RMS value of a set of values (or a continuous-time
waveform) is the square root of the arithmetic mean
(average) of the squares of the original values (or the
square of the function that defines the continuous
waveform).
• Value of an alternating voltage that is just as effective
as a steady dc voltage with the same value.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Transformer
a. Step–Up
b. Step-Down
c. Center-Tap
Turns Ratio = N1/N2
Voltage Ratio = V1/V2
N1/N2 = V1/V2
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Transformer
Center-Tap
15VRMS
30VRMS
120VRMS
15VRMS
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Half-Wave Rectification
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Half-Wave Rectification
𝑉!"
𝑡
𝑉#$
𝑡
𝑉!" is now pulsating DC with a
peak voltage slightly less than the
peak voltage of 𝑉#$ (or 𝑉%& ).
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Half-Wave Rectification
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Half-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the average (DC) voltage of a 90V peak
rectified half-wave signal.
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Half-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
2. A half-wave rectifier circuit develops a dc voltage of
180V. What is the minimum diode peak inverse voltage
rating for this circuit?
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Half-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. A half-wave rectifier circuit provides 40mA (DC) to a
2kΩ load resistance. Calculate the output dc voltage
and diode PIV rating for this circuit.
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Half-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. A half-wave diode rectifier circuit is transformer fed
from the 120V line. Calculate the turns ratio and the
diode PIV rating, if the circuit provides an output of
12VDC.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
𝑉!"
𝑡
𝑉#!
𝑡
𝑉!! is now pulsating DC with a
peak voltage much less than the
peak voltage of 𝑉#$ (or 𝑉%& ).
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
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Full-Wave Rectifier Using
Center-Tapped Transformer
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Bridge-Type Full-Wave
Rectifier
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Bridge-Type Full-Wave
Rectifier
At positive half cycle
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Bridge-Type Full-Wave
Rectifier
At negative half cycle
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the dc voltage obtained from a full-
wave rectifier having a peak rectified voltage
of 90V.
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
2. Calculate the peak voltage rating of each half of a center-
tapped transformer used in a FWR circuit whose output
dc voltage is 120V.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. Calculate the PIV rating for the diodes of a center-tapped
FWR circuit having an output dc voltage of 80V.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Full-Wave Rectification
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. Calculate the diode PIV rating for a bridge rectifier
developing 50VDC.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
Homework
Design rectifier circuits to provide an output of
100 VDC using a.) HWR b.) Center-tapped
FWR and c.) Bridge-Type FWR circuits.
For each circuit, calculate the transformer peak
voltage rating, the diode PIV ratings, and the
transformer turns ratio, if power is taken from
the 220V line ac supply.
Electronics Engineering Department | ECE 2119 |