ECE 410 Power Systems

Introduction
Chapter -1 Power System Modelling
Prepared & presented by
Dr Yuvaraja Teekaraman
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Single Phase Systems
• An AC system consists of generators and loads connected by transmission or distribution
lines and transformers. Their behavior can be described using quantities such as
voltages, currents, and power which are sinusoidal functions of time.
• These quantities obey laws of physics. For our purposes they are the Kirchhoff’s current
law (KCL), Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL), and Ohm’s law. These laws allow us to analyze or
simulate system behavior in the time domain.
• For steady-state behavior it is often easier to transform these quantities to the phasor
domain, apply the corresponding physical laws in the phasor domain to analyze the
steady state of a power network, and then translate the results back to the time domain,
as illustrated in Figure 1.
• In this section we define voltage and current phasors, present simple models of
generators, loads, and lines using voltage sources, current sources, and impedances. We
also summarize KCL, KVL and Ohm’s law in the phasor domain. They can be used to
analyze a network of these circuit elements.

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SINGLE PHASE AC CIRCUITS NUMERICALS

EXAMPLE: For the circuit shown below, if V = 1200∠ 0, Z1 = 80 + j0 Ω, Z2 = 8 + j12 Ω and Z3 = 50 – j25Ω.
Find the power absorb by each load and total complex power. Also verify complex power balance.

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EXAMPLE: Two parallel circuits comprising of (i) a coil of resistance of 20Ω and inductance of
0.07 H and (ii)a resistance of 50 Ω in series with a condenser of capacitance 60 µF are connected
across 230 V, 50Hz. Calculate the main current and power factor of the arrangement.

EXAMPLE: Two impedances Z1 = 150 − j157 Ω and Z2 =100 − j110 Ω Find (i) Branch Currents (ii) Total current
(iii) Total power (iv) Draw vector Diagram (PRACTICE).

EXAMPLE: In the arrangement shown in the figure. Calculate the impedance between AB and the phase
angle between voltage and current. Also calculate the total power consumed, if the applied voltage between
AB is 200∠30◦.

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EXAMPLE: A coil having a resistance of 20 Ω and inductance of 0.0382 H, is connected in parallel

EXAMPLE: Given V = 200sin377 volts and i =8sin(377t − 30◦) Amps for an AC circuit, determine i) the power
factor ii)True power iii) Apparent power iv) Reactive power indicate the unit of the power calculated.

EXAMPLE: An alternating voltage of (80+j60) V is applied to a circuit and the current flowing through it is (-
4+j10)A. Find the i) impedance of the circuit ii) phase angle iii) pf of the circuit iv) power consumed by the
circuit.

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THREE PHASE AC CIRCUITS NUMERICALS

EXAMPLE: Three identical impedances are connected in delta and supplied from a 400 V 3 φ line. Calculate
the phase and line currents and the power consumed. Each impedance is (20 − j15)Ω.

EXAMPLE: Three identical coils having resistance of 10 Ω and an inductance of 0.05 H each are connected
in star across a 3 φ, 400 V 50 Hz balanced supply. Calculate the line current and the power consumed. What
will be the reading of two wattmeter's connected to measure the total power.

EXAMPLE: Three impedances each consisting of 20 Ω and 15 Ω inductive reactance in series are connected in
star across 400 V 3 φ supply. Calculate the i)line current ii)phase current iii) total power consumed and iv)the
p.f of the load.

EXAMPLE: Two wattmeters connected to measure the power in a three phase balanced load read W1 = 2000
Watts, W2 = 1000 W Calculate i) total power and ii) power factor. When does on of the two wattmeters read
the power negative

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THREE PHASE AC CIRCUITS NUMERICALS

EXAMPLE: A balanced, 3 phase star connected load of 15 kW takes a leading current of 100 A, at a line voltage
of 1100 V at 50 Hz. Find the circuit constants per phase

EXAMPLE: When three balanced impedances are connected in delta across a 3 phase 400 V, 50 Hz supply the
line current drawn is 20 A at a lagging p.f. of 0.3. Determine the value of the impedance connected in each
phase.

EXAMPLE: The power input to a 3 phase load connected to a three phase, 440 V, 50 Hz supply is measured by
two wattmeter method. The readings are 40 kW and 10kW. Calculate the power input , the p.f. and line
current.

EXAMPLE: Each of the two wattmeters connected to measure the input to a 3 phase circuit, reads 20 kW.
What does each instruments reads, when the load p.f. is 0.866 lagging the total 3 phase power remaining
unchanged.

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THANK YOU

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