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Human Reproduction

Reproduction is the biological process that ensures the continuation of a species through the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring. Puberty marks the maturation of sex organs, regulated by hormones, leading to sexual reproduction stages including copulation, fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy. The entire process culminates in approximately 40 weeks of gestation, resulting in the birth of a new individual.

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4 views20 pages

Human Reproduction

Reproduction is the biological process that ensures the continuation of a species through the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring. Puberty marks the maturation of sex organs, regulated by hormones, leading to sexual reproduction stages including copulation, fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy. The entire process culminates in approximately 40 weeks of gestation, resulting in the birth of a new individual.

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darku0loku0
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Human Reproduction

The Purpose of Reproduction


Reproduction is the biological process where
new individuals (offspring) are made by existing
individuals (parents).
It ensures the continuation of a species.
The Purpose of Reproduction
New individuals are preoduced by the fusion of
gametes (sex cells).
Male gametes - sperm cells.
Female gametes - ova.
Sexual reproduction creates variation in
offspring due to fusion different gametes.
Sperm Cells
Sperm cells are
the smallest
human cell.
Testes can
produce 100-300
million sperm daily.
Egg Cells / Ova
Ova are the
biggest human cell.
A female can
release approx.
400-500 ova in
her lifetime.
Puberty
Stage in the human life cycle when the sex
organs mature for reproduction.
Girls 11-15 years
Boys: 12-16 years
It is controlled by hormones.
Puberty
The pituitary gland releases
hormones into the
bloodstream that stimulate
the testes and ovaries to
release sex hormones.
Puberty

Male testes produce testosterone.


Female ovaries produce oestrogen.
These hormones stimulate target organs and
cause the development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
Stages of Reproduction: The Menstrual Cycle
Stages of Reproduction: Copulation
The process of sexual intercourse.
When an man is sexually aroused, the tissue in the
penis fills with blood leading to an erection.
the erect penis is inserted into the vagina and
mechanical stimulation results in the release of
semen - ejaculation.
Stages of Reproduction: Fertilisation
Sperm is deposited into the vagina and swims
through the cervix, into the uterus.
It continues to swim towards the fallopian tubes.
If ovulation occurs, a large number of sperm
surround the ovum in the fallopian tube.
Stages of Reproduction: Fertilisation
One sperm cell penetrates the ovum.
The nucleus of one sperm cell fuses with the
nucleus of the ovum - fertilisation.
The fertilised ovum is now called a zygote.
Stages of Reproduction:
Implantation and the Placenta
The fertilised ovum moves along the fallopian tube
towards the uterus.
It divides to form a ball of cells which eventually
form the embryo.
The developing embryo lands on the endometrium
and embeds into the lining - implantation.
Stages of Reproduction:
Implantation and the Placenta
The placenta forms between the embryo and the
uterus.
The umbllical cord connects the embryo to the
placenta.
The placenta provides the embryo with nutrients
and oxygen and removes waste products.
Stages of Reproduction:
Pregnancy (Gestation)
Lasts approx. 40 weeks in humans.
Time from fertilisation until birth.
After 8 weeks, the embryo is known as a foetus.
Embryo is surrounded by the amniotic sac and
amniotic fluid.
Stages of Reproduction:
Pregnancy (Gestation)
Pregnancy when the uterus contracts to push the
fully developed foetus out through the cervix and
vagina.

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