COMPUTER SOFTWARE
What is Software?
Software is a set of programs or instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Without software, a computer cannot work.
Example:
• When you type a letter in Microsoft Word, the software helps the computer understand
and display it.
Types of Software
There are two main types of software:
A. System Software
System software controls and manages the computer hardware and helps other software run.
Examples of System Software:
• Windows Operating System
• Linux
• macOS
• Android
Functions of System Software:
• Starts the computer
• Controls hardware like keyboard, mouse, printer
• Manages memory and files
• Allows users to run application software
B. Application Software
Application software helps users perform specific tasks.
Examples of Application Software:
• Microsoft Word – typing documents
• Microsoft Excel – calculations and tables
• Microsoft PowerPoint – presentations
• Google Chrome – browsing the internet
• Media Player – playing music and videos
Windows Operating System (Windows OS)
What is Windows OS?
Windows OS is a system software developed by Microsoft.
It allows users to interact with the computer using icons, menus, and windows.
Common Versions of Windows:
• Windows 7
• Windows 8
• Windows 10
• Windows 11
Main Parts of Windows Desktop
1. Desktop – main working area
2. Icons – small pictures representing programs or files
3. Taskbar – bar at the bottom of the screen
4. Start Menu – used to access programs and settings
5. Recycle Bin – stores deleted files temporarily
File Explorer
What is File Explorer?
File Explorer is a Windows tool used to view, organize, and manage files and folders.
You can open it by:
• Clicking the folder icon on the taskbar
• Pressing Windows Key + E
Functions of File Explorer
• Create files and folders
• Copy, move, rename, and delete files
• Search for files
• View storage devices (Hard disk, Flash disk)
5. Files
What is a File?
A file is a collection of data stored in a computer with a name.
Examples of Files:
• Document file: [Link]
• Image file: [Link]
• Audio file: song.mp3
• Video file: movie.mp4
Parts of a File Name
Example: [Link]
• Assignment → File name
• .docx → File extension (shows file type)
Folders
What is a Folder?
A folder is a container used to store and organize files and other folders.
Example:
• A folder named School Work can contain:
o Notes
o Assignments
o Pictures
Why Folders Are Important
• Keeps files organized
• Makes files easy to find
• Reduces confusion
Common File Operations
These are actions performed on files and folders:
• Create – make a new file or folder
• Open – view the contents
• Save – store data
• Copy – make a duplicate
• Move – change location
• Rename – change name
• Delete – remove file
Importance of Software
• Makes computers useful
• Helps in learning, work, and communication
• Allows creation of documents, videos, and designs
• Makes tasks faster and easier
INTERNET AND EMAIL
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a worldwide network that connects millions of computers so they can share
information and communicate.
It allows people to access websites, send messages, watch videos, and learn online.
Uses of the Internet
The Internet is used for many activities such as:
• Searching for information
• Sending emails
• Online learning
• Watching videos
• Social media communication
• Online shopping
• Online banking
Requirements for Internet Connection
To access the internet, you need:
1. Computer or Smartphone
2. Internet Service Provider (ISP)
3. Modem or Router
4. Web Browser
Examples of Internet Service Providers:
• Safaricom
• Airtel
• Telkom
What is a Web Browser?
A web browser is a software program used to access and view websites on the internet.
Examples of Web Browsers:
• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Microsoft Edge
• Safari
• Opera
What is a Website?
A website is a collection of web pages that contain information on the internet.
Examples of websites:
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
Advantages of the Internet
• Fast communication
• Easy access to information
• Online education
• Global connectivity
• Online services
Disadvantages of the Internet
• Cybercrime
• Virus attacks
• Fake information
• Internet addiction
• Privacy risks
EMAIL
2.1 What is Email?
Email (Electronic Mail) is a method of sending and receiving messages using the internet.
It is a fast and cheap way of communication.
Examples of Email Services
• Gmail
• Yahoo Mail
• Outlook
• ProtonMail
Parts of an Email Address
Example:
student123@[Link]
Parts:
• student123 → Username
• @ → At symbol
• [Link] → Email provider/domain
Features of Email
Email allows users to:
• Send messages
• Receive messages
• Attach files
• Send images and documents
• Forward messages
• Reply to messages
Steps to Send an Email
1. Open your email account
2. Click Compose
3. Enter the recipient's email address
4. Write the subject
5. Type your message
6. Attach files if necessary
7. Click Send
2.6 Email Folders
Common folders in email systems:
Folder Function
Inbox Stores received emails
Sent Stores sent emails
Drafts Stores unfinished emails
Spam Stores unwanted emails
Trash Stores deleted emails
Advantages of Email
• Fast communication
• Low cost
• Easy to send documents
• Can send messages worldwide
• Saves time
Disadvantages of Email
• Spam messages
• Virus attachments
• Requires internet connection
• Risk of hacking
Internet Safety Tips
To stay safe online:
• Do not share passwords
• Avoid suspicious links
• Do not open unknown email attachments
• Use strong passwords
• Install antivirus software