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Chapter 2

This document covers fundamental concepts of algebra, including the use of letters to represent unknown values, writing and simplifying algebraic expressions, and the laws of indices. It provides worked examples and exercises to help understand how to manipulate equations and expressions. Key terms such as variable, equation, and coefficient are defined to aid in comprehension.

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drvinhhmu16
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8 views20 pages

Chapter 2

This document covers fundamental concepts of algebra, including the use of letters to represent unknown values, writing and simplifying algebraic expressions, and the laws of indices. It provides worked examples and exercises to help understand how to manipulate equations and expressions. Key terms such as variable, equation, and coefficient are defined to aid in comprehension.

Uploaded by

drvinhhmu16
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT 1 – CHAPTER 2

Making sense of algebra


Homework
Prove that 2 is an irrational number.
Key words
• Algebra
• Variable
• Equation
• Formula
• Substitution
• Expression
• Term
• Power
• Index
• Coefficient
• Exponent
• Base
• Reciprocal
2.1 Using letters to represent unknown values

In algebra, you use letters to represent unknown numbers. So you could write the number
sentences above as: 2 + x = 8 and a + b = 10. Number sentences like these are called equations.
You can solve an equation by finding the values that make the equation true.
When you worked with area of rectangles and triangles in the past, you used algebra to make a
general rule, or formula, for working out the area, A:

Writing algebraic expressions

Worked example 1
Use algebra to write an expression in terms of h for:
a a height 12 cm shorter than average h − 12
b a height 2x taller than average h + 2x
c a height twice the average height 2×h
d a height half the average height. h÷2
Worked example 2

Write expressions in terms of x to represent:


a a number times four
b the sum of the number and five
c six times the number minus two
d half the number.
Exercise 2.2
2.3 Simplifying expressions

Adding and subtracting like terms


Multiplying and dividing in expressions

Worked example 4
Exercise 2.3
Exercise 2.3
Worked example 5
Exercise 2.4
Expanding and collecting like terms

Worked example 7
Examples

2 Expand and simplify

a 3 (x + 5) + 2 (x − 3) = 3x + 15 + 2x − 6

= 5x + 9

b 7 (2 − x) − 3 (2x − 3) = 14 − 7x − 6x + 9

= 23 − 13x
2
c x (x + 4) − 2 (3x + 1) = x + 4x − 6x − 2

= x 2 − 2x − 2
Exercise 2.5

1. 𝑎+𝑏 2 =
2
2. 𝑎−𝑏 =
3. 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 =
4. 𝑎+𝑏 3 =
5. 𝑎−𝑏 3 =
6. 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 =
7. 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 =
2
8. 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 =
2.5 Indices
The laws of indices

Multiplying the same base number with different indices


HW

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